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  • The ZX Spectrum Ula: How to Design a Microcomputer (ZX Design Retro Computer)

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The ZX Spectrum Ula: How to Design a Microcomputer (ZX Design Retro Computer)

4.6 out of 5 stars (137)

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This book takes the reader through the design and implementation of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum's custom chip, revealing for the first time the decisions behind its design and its hidden secrets. By using it as case study, the techniques required to design an 8-bit microcomputer are explained, along with comprehensive details of the Ferranti ULA manufacturing process. If you have ever wanted to design your own computer or wondered what was behind the most successful microcomputer of the 1980s, then this is the book for you. For the first time, the inner working of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum's custom chip and heart of the computer, the Ferranti ULA, is exposed in minute detail. Packed with over 140 illustrations and circuit diagrams, this book takes the reader through the cutting edge technology that was the Ferranti ULA and the design of the ZX Spectrum home computer, illustrating the principles and techniques involved in creating a cost effective computer that required nothing more than a television set and a cassette recorder. The ZX Spectrum ULA is an essential read for the electronics hobbyist, student or electronic engineer wishing to design their own retro-style microcomputer or anyone with an interest in historical micro-electronic and digital design. All topics are explained in simple yet precise terms, building on their careful introduction towards the full functionality presented by the Sinclair computer. Some of the topics covered are: The architecture of the standard microcomputer, Ferranti and their ULA, manufacturing process and structure, The functional layout of the ZX Spectrum ULA, Video display generation, Memory contention and timing, ZX Spectrum design bugs such as "The Snow Effect", Hidden features, ULA version differences.

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Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Zxdesign Technology and Media
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ July 30, 2010
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 324 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0956507107
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0956507105
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.02 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6 x 0.68 x 9 inches
  • Best Sellers Rank: #1,091,968 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.6 out of 5 stars (137)

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Chris Smith MSc.
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Customer reviews

4.6 out of 5 stars
137 global ratings
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Customers say

Customers find the book informative, with one review noting it provides good insight into the development of 80 computer technology. They describe it as interesting, with one customer mentioning it's particularly enjoyable for those interested in old microcomputers.
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5 customers mention informative, 5 positive, 0 negative
Customers find the book informative, with one customer noting it provides good insight into building a simple computer, while another mentions it explains the chip very well.
Very interesting and in depth book....Read more
...This book gives lots of general information about how ULA works and how it is put together.Read more
...Great book to get an insight into building a simple computer.Read more
A nice book. It explained the chip very well.Read more
5 customers mention interesting, 5 positive, 0 negative
Customers find the book very interesting, with one mentioning it's particularly fun for those who enjoy old microcomputers.
Very interesting and in depth book....Read more
This was a much more interesting book than I expected....Read more
...but if you really want to know exactly what's in a ZX Spectrum, you can't beat this!Read more
Fun for those who like old microcomputersRead more

Top reviews from the United States

  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Good insight into the development of 80 computer tech.
    Reviewed in the United States on July 12, 2023
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    Very interesting and in depth book. Much more than a normal recollection / history of tech style book, this truly delved into the engineering behind the ZX ULA chip, and by extension the design of the Spectrum.

    One person found this helpful
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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Well researched and very interesting
    Reviewed in the United States on November 3, 2021
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    I would have loved to have had access to this book back when I had my ZX Spectrum back in the 80s.

    You will likely love this if you are thinking of writing your own ZX Spectrum emulator for fun, or if you are building your own Z80 based computer from scratch.

    2 people found this helpful
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  • 4 out of 5 stars
    Good info for reverse engineers
    Reviewed in the United States on January 18, 2020
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    My first computer was ZX81. At that time it was not very educative on the HW side as all interesting was stuffed inside the ULA chip. This book gives lots of general information about how ULA works and how it is put together.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Great book for retro computer hobbyists
    Reviewed in the United States on October 20, 2020
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    This was a much more interesting book than I expected. Even if you’re not a ZX Spectrum enthusiast, the way in which the ULA was reverse-engineered is interesting to hobbyists who might consider using FPGA to replace older bespoke ICs.

    One person found this helpful
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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Zx Spectrum ULA
    Reviewed in the United States on February 11, 2012
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    Great book, well structured and if you were a ZX Spectrum owner way back in the 1980s you'll love it. Great book to get an insight into building a simple computer.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Exceptional book
    Reviewed in the United States on January 11, 2016
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    This book is truly exceptional, real gem. It goes into ULA design down to the gate level, describing the role of each and every gate, flip-flop and signal. It even describes the semi-analog stuff (e.g. YUV signal generation, sound/tape output, etc.). I wasn't aware that ZX Spectrum contained so many clever hacks, like stopping Z80 clock during video generator RAM fetch to avoid bus contention, pretty cool stuff :)

    This book is not for the faint of heart, but if you like such a low-level, hardware stuff - it's a must.

    4 people found this helpful
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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    A must for the hardware hacker
    Reviewed in the United States on March 1, 2013
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    This is a great book, not just for ZX-spectrum fans & hobbyists but, in my opinion, for anyone interested in really delving into the nuts and bolts of a classic 8-bit computer.

    Detailed outline of the system, the hardware and how it was implemented in the original ULA. Full of diagrams, schematics representations and thorough descriptions.

    Along with "The Complete. SPECTRUM. ROM. DISASSEMBLY" this book is a must have.

    - J

    3 people found this helpful
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  • 4 out of 5 stars
    Fun for those who like old microcomputers
    Reviewed in the United States on October 30, 2017
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    A nice book. It explained the chip very well.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Ouvrage pointu et très intéressant
    Reviewed in France on May 31, 2015
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    Si vous souhaitez comprendre le fonctionnement des "entrailles" de votre ZX Spectrum, c'est LE passage obligé.

    Ouvrage indispensable à tous les nostalgiques et passionnés de "vieilles" technologies.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    This book is a must read for anyone that had ...
    Reviewed in Canada on November 19, 2016
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    This book is a must read for anyone that had contact with ZX Spectrum (or its Brazilian/Russian clones) during the 80s. It will enlighten a ton of the quirks of the machine.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Nerd heaven!
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 31, 2021
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    If you grew up in the British 80's, you probably either had or knew somebody that had the ZX spectrum.

    This book is super nerdy, it covers the design of the ULA chip that was a core chip that was in the specie, the ULA was a custom chip that was responsible for tieing the various other chips inside the spectrum together, it was the bit that made the spectrum, well, the spectrum.

    The ULA was a forerunner of the PLD and FPGA devices, they were effectively "blank" chips that were configured in the factory.

    This book strips the chip down to circuit diagrams and explanations of how the ULA worked, what it did, and a whole host of other information. The information inside this book would allow you to create your own working ULA on a modern CPLD or FPGA device.

    These chips are a common problem when trying to use a spectrum these days, over time many of them have just failed, some had faults from the factory and some were just poor quality, so it might come in handy if you ever wanted to create your own....although there are people around who have already done this and you can buy replacement "modern" ULA's that plug straight into an old speccy to bring it back to life.

    Not a book for people who do not understand digital logic or electronics (at least at a basic level), but interesting non-the-less.

    Nerd heaven!
    5 out of 5 stars
    Nerd heaven!
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 31, 2021

    If you grew up in the British 80's, you probably either had or knew somebody that had the ZX spectrum.

    This book is super nerdy, it covers the design of the ULA chip that was a core chip that was in the specie, the ULA was a custom chip that was responsible for tieing the various other chips inside the spectrum together, it was the bit that made the spectrum, well, the spectrum.

    The ULA was a forerunner of the PLD and FPGA devices, they were effectively "blank" chips that were configured in the factory.

    This book strips the chip down to circuit diagrams and explanations of how the ULA worked, what it did, and a whole host of other information. The information inside this book would allow you to create your own working ULA on a modern CPLD or FPGA device.

    These chips are a common problem when trying to use a spectrum these days, over time many of them have just failed, some had faults from the factory and some were just poor quality, so it might come in handy if you ever wanted to create your own....although there are people around who have already done this and you can buy replacement "modern" ULA's that plug straight into an old speccy to bring it back to life.

    Not a book for people who do not understand digital logic or electronics (at least at a basic level), but interesting non-the-less.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    Sehr informatives Buch
    Reviewed in Germany on August 18, 2025
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    Es steht alles drin, was man über den ZX Spectrum wissen muss.

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  • 5 out of 5 stars
    learn electronics from the masters
    Reviewed in Spain on May 17, 2026
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    Very good explanation of the Ferrantis ulas architecture, design process from zero to the max and it's appliance in the zx spectrum devices control. Usefull for everyone to learn electronic circuit design from the basis and how the TV interfaces are done.

    Quite good edition, readable in a handleable size

    learn electronics from the masters
    learn electronics from the masters
    5 out of 5 stars
    learn electronics from the masters
    Reviewed in Spain on May 17, 2026

    Very good explanation of the Ferrantis ulas architecture, design process from zero to the max and it's appliance in the zx spectrum devices control. Usefull for everyone to learn electronic circuit design from the basis and how the TV interfaces are done.

    Quite good edition, readable in a handleable size

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