aste

See also: Aste, -aste, astē, astə, and Äste

Basque

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /as̺te/ [as̺.t̪e]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as̺te, -e
• Hyphenation: as‧te

Noun

aste inan

1. week

Declension

Declension of aste (inan V-stem)

	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	aste	astea	asteak	asteok
ergative	astek	asteak	asteek	asteok
dative	asteri	asteari	asteei	asteoi
genitive	asteren	astearen	asteen	asteon
comitative	asterekin	astearekin	asteekin	asteokin
causative	asterengatik	astearengatik	asteengatik	asteongatik
benefactive	asterentzat	astearentzat	asteentzat	asteontzat
instrumental	astez	asteaz	asteez	asteotaz
inessive	astetan	astean	asteetan	asteotan
locative	astetako	asteko	asteetako	asteotako
allative	astetara	astera	asteetara	asteotara
terminative	astetaraino	asteraino	asteetaraino	asteotaraino
directive	astetarantz	asterantz	asteetarantz	asteotarantz
destinative	astetarako	asterako	asteetarako	asteotarako
ablative	astetatik	astetik	asteetatik	asteotatik
partitive	asterik	—	—	—
prolative	astetzat	—	—	—

Derived terms

• astearte (“Tuesday”)
• asteazken (“Wednesday”)
• asteburu (“weekend”)
• astero (“every week”)
• astelehen (“Monday”)

Further reading

• “aste”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “aste”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑste/, [ˈɑste̞]
• Rhymes: -ɑste
• Hyphenation: as‧te

Etymology 1

From astuma +‎ -e.

Noun

aste (genitive aste, partitive astet)

1. step, pace

   Synonyms: samm, jalaast, jalaaste, ast, jalaastumine

   Üks ettevaatamatu aste ja võidki olla siruli.

   One careless step and you could be lying down on the ground.

Declension

Declension of aste (ÕS type 6/mõte, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		aste	asted
accusative	nom.
	gen.	aste
genitive			astete
partitive		astet	asteid
illative		astesse	astetesse asteisse
inessive		astes	astetes asteis
elative		astest	astetest asteist
allative		astele	astetele asteile
adessive		astel	astetel asteil
ablative		astelt	astetelt asteilt
translative		asteks	asteteks asteiks
terminative		asteni	asteteni
essive		astena	astetena
abessive		asteta	asteteta
comitative		astega	astetega

Compounds

• etteaste
• jalaaste
• kõrvaleaste
• sisseaste
• tagasiaste
• väljaaste
• ülesaste

Etymology 2

From astuma +‎ -e.

Noun

aste (genitive astme, partitive astet)

1. step (one of a set of rests in a stair or ladder)

   Seisime trepi alumisel astmel.

   We stood at the bottom of the stairs.

   (literally, “We stood on the bottom step of the stairs.”)

2. rank, order, grade

   Synonym: tase

   Nad on oskuste poolest ühel astmel.

   They are at the same grade when it comes to skills.

   1. (music) step (interval between two contiguous degrees of the scale)
3. degree, level

   Viis reisijat said erineva astme kehavigastusi.

   The five passengers received differing degrees of bodily injuries.

4. (arithmetic) power (product of equal factors)

   2 neljandas astmes on 16.

   2 to the power of four is 16.

5. (grammar) grade (weak or strong form of a consonant in consonant gradation)

Declension

Declension of aste (ÕS type 5/liige, length gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		aste	astmed
accusative	nom.
	gen.	astme
genitive			astmete
partitive		astet	astmeid
illative		astmesse	astmetesse astmeisse
inessive		astmes	astmetes astmeis
elative		astmest	astmetest astmeist
allative		astmele	astmetele astmeile
adessive		astmel	astmetel astmeil
ablative		astmelt	astmetelt astmeilt
translative		astmeks	astmeteks astmeiks
terminative		astmeni	astmeteni
essive		astmena	astmetena
abessive		astmeta	astmeteta
comitative		astmega	astmetega

Derived terms

nouns

• astmestik
• astmik

adjectives

• astmeline

adverbs

• astmeti

verbs

• astendama
• astmestama

Compounds

• alamaste
• algaste
• ametiaste
• arenemisaste
• arenguaste
• auaste
• dispersiooniaste
• eelaste
• ettevalmistusaste
• gümnaasiumiaste
• hariaste
• haridusaste
• hõrendusaste
• jahvatusaste
• joobeaste
• jämedusaste
• keskaste
• kiirusaste
• kiviaste
• kohtuaste
• kompressiooniaste
• konsoolaste
• kontsentratsiooniaste
• kooliaste
• kulumisaste
• kuumusaste
• kõvadusaste
• küllastumusaste
• küllastusaste
• külmumisaste
• küpsusaste
• lagunemisaste
• lõppaste
• marmoraste
• niiskusaste
• nukuaste
• oksüdatsiooniaste
• paeaste
• palgaaste
• peenestusaste
• peenusaste
• puhtusaste
• puuaste
• puudeaste
• põletusaste
• raskusaste
• reostusaste
• riskiaste
• segustusaste
• soojusaste
• sugulusaste
• surveaste
• taluvusaste
• teenistusaste
• tihedusaste
• trepiaste
• tsivilisatsiooniaste
• tugevusaste
• tulekindlusaste
• tumedusaste
• tõenäosusaste
• täpsusaste
• ulgaste
• vabadusaste
• vaheaste
• valmidusaste
• vanuseaste
• võimendusaste
• võrdlusaste
• vältusaste
• väärtusaste
• õppeaste
• üldistusaste
• ülemaste
• üleminekuaste

• asteastmelt
• astmekujuline
• astmelaud
• astmenimi
• astmepalk
• astmerida
• astmetraat
• astmevaheldus
• astmeüldistus

References

• aste in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “aste”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “aste”, in [SP] Eesti keele sõnapered [Estonian Word Families] (in Estonian) (online version, continuously updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012–

Finnish

Etymology

astua (“to step”) +‎ -e. Coined by Finnish physician and translator Wolmar Schildt in 1846, based on dialectal “step (in stairs)”, cases of which was also used as adverbs with more figurative meanings like those currently used.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑsteˣ/, [ˈɑ̝s̠te̞(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑste
• Syllabification^(key): as‧te
• Hyphenation^(key): as‧te

Noun

aste

1. stage, step, state, phase (distinct part of a process)

   Synonyms: vaihe, jakso

2. degree, extent, proportion

   Synonyms: määrä, laajuus

3. degree (individual step, or stage, in any process or scale of values)
4. (law) instance (occasion; order of occurrence)
5. (geometry) degree (unit of measurement of angle)
6. degree (unit of measurement of temperature)
7. (geography) degree (unit of measurement of latitude and longitude)
8. (linguistics) degree, grade (any of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb)
9. (linguistics) grade (form of a consonant under the system of consonant gradation)
10. (music) scale degree

    Synonym: sävelaste

11. (algebra) degree, order (maximal exponent of a polynomial)
12. (graph theory) degree (the number of edges that a vertex takes part in)
13. (graph theory) order (number of vertices in a graph)
14. (algebra) grade (number of free intersection points)
15. (medicine) grade (degree of malignity of a tumor)
16. (linear algebra) rank (maximal number of linearly independent columns or rows of a matrix)

Declension

Inflection of aste (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)
nominative		aste	asteet
genitive		asteen	asteiden asteitten
partitive		astetta	asteita
illative		asteeseen	asteisiin asteihin
		singular	plural
nominative		aste	asteet
accusative	nom.	aste	asteet
	gen.	asteen
genitive		asteen	asteiden asteitten
partitive		astetta	asteita
inessive		asteessa	asteissa
elative		asteesta	asteista
illative		asteeseen	asteisiin asteihin
adessive		asteella	asteilla
ablative		asteelta	asteilta
allative		asteelle	asteille
essive		asteena	asteina
translative		asteeksi	asteiksi
abessive		asteetta	asteitta
instructive		—	astein
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of aste (Kotus type 48/hame, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative asteeni asteeni accusative nom. asteeni asteeni gen. asteeni genitive asteeni asteideni asteitteni partitive astettani asteitani inessive asteessani asteissani elative asteestani asteistani illative asteeseeni asteisiini asteihini adessive asteellani asteillani ablative asteeltani asteiltani allative asteelleni asteilleni essive asteenani asteinani translative asteekseni asteikseni abessive asteettani asteittani instructive — — comitative — asteineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative asteesi asteesi accusative nom. asteesi asteesi gen. asteesi genitive asteesi asteidesi asteittesi partitive astettasi asteitasi inessive asteessasi asteissasi elative asteestasi asteistasi illative asteeseesi asteisiisi asteihisi adessive asteellasi asteillasi ablative asteeltasi asteiltasi allative asteellesi asteillesi essive asteenasi asteinasi translative asteeksesi asteiksesi abessive asteettasi asteittasi instructive — — comitative — asteinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative asteemme asteemme accusative nom. asteemme asteemme gen. asteemme genitive asteemme asteidemme asteittemme partitive astettamme asteitamme inessive asteessamme asteissamme elative asteestamme asteistamme illative asteeseemme asteisiimme asteihimme adessive asteellamme asteillamme ablative asteeltamme asteiltamme allative asteellemme asteillemme essive asteenamme asteinamme translative asteeksemme asteiksemme abessive asteettamme asteittamme instructive — — comitative — asteinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative asteenne asteenne accusative nom. asteenne asteenne gen. asteenne genitive asteenne asteidenne asteittenne partitive astettanne asteitanne inessive asteessanne asteissanne elative asteestanne asteistanne illative asteeseenne asteisiinne asteihinne adessive asteellanne asteillanne ablative asteeltanne asteiltanne allative asteellenne asteillenne essive asteenanne asteinanne translative asteeksenne asteiksenne abessive asteettanne asteittanne instructive — — comitative — asteinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative asteensa asteensa accusative nom. asteensa asteensa gen. asteensa genitive asteensa asteidensa asteittensa partitive astettaan astettansa asteitaan asteitansa inessive asteessaan asteessansa asteissaan asteissansa elative asteestaan asteestansa asteistaan asteistansa illative asteeseensa asteisiinsa asteihinsa adessive asteellaan asteellansa asteillaan asteillansa ablative asteeltaan asteeltansa asteiltaan asteiltansa allative asteelleen asteellensa asteilleen asteillensa essive asteenaan asteenansa asteinaan asteinansa translative asteekseen asteeksensa asteikseen asteiksensa abessive asteettaan asteettansa asteittaan asteittansa instructive — — comitative — asteineen asteinensa

Derived terms

• asteikko
• -asteinen
• asteittain

compounds

• ala-aste
• alkuaste
• alokasaste
• arvoaste
• aste-ero
• astejako
• astejaotus
• astekulma
• astelevy
• asteluku
• astemitta
• astepäivä
• astevaihtelu
• asteverkko
• celsiusaste
• degeneraatioaste
• dissosiaatioaste
• edistymisaste
• ensiasteinen
• eriasteinen
• esiaste
• fahrenheitaste
• haitta-aste
• hapetusaste
• hepoasteet
• jalostusaste
• jonkinasteinen
• kaariaste
• kapaloaste
• kehitysaste
• keskiaste
• kirkkausaste
• kokeiluaste
• korkea-aste
• korkea-asteinen
• korkeakouluaste
• koteloaste
• kotimaisuusaste
• kouluaste
• koulutusaste
• kulma-aste
• kypsyysaste
• käyttöaste
• laimennusaste
• lepoaste
• leveysaste
• luonnosaste
• lähtöaste
• lämpöaste
• malja-aste
• miinusaste
• moniasteinen
• moniasteöljy
• muurainaste
• nolla-asteinen
• oikeusaste
• omavaraisuusaste
• opintoaste
• opistoaste
• osallistumisaste
• paahtoaste
• pakkasaste
• peittoaste
• perusaste
• peruskouluaste
• pituusaste
• plusaste
• polarisaatioaste
• puhtausaste
• rakkula-aste
• sata-asteinen
• selitysaste
• sivistysaste
• sukulaisuusaste
• säästämisaste
• tietynasteinen
• toisasteinen
• toukka-aste
• tuloaste
• tuottoaste
• työkyvyttömyysaste
• työllisyysaste
• työttömyysaste
• täyttöaste
• uusaste
• vaativuusaste
• vaikeusaste
• vajaakäyttöaste
• valmiusaste
• vammaisuusaste
• vapausaste
• varhaisaste
• velkaantumisaste
• veroaste
• vertailuaste
• väliaste
• yläaste

Descendants

• → Livvi: aste

Further reading

• “aste”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[4] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• Seat, seta, tase

Gothic

Romanization

astē

1. romanization of 𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈas.te/
• Rhymes: -aste
• Hyphenation: à‧ste

Noun

aste f

1. plural of asta

Anagrams

• seta, tesa

Latvian

Zirgs un zirga aste (1)

Lidmašīnas aste (2)

Etymology

Originally an e-stem variant of an earlier i/n-stem *astis, from Proto-Baltic *asti- < *aš-sti-. Further, two possible Proto-Indo-European sources have been proposed: (a) *h₂eḱ-sti-, from *h₂eḱ- “sharp, pointy, edgy; stone” (whence also ass “sharp”, q.v.), with the meaning changes being “sharp, pointy (object)” > “stinger” > “tail”; and (b) *h₃ésth₁- (“bone”), in which case the semantic evolution would have been “bone” > “tail bone” > “tail” (cf. Icelandic rōfa (“dog's, cat's tail”) from Old Norse rófa (“bony part of a horse's tail”)). In the (a) case, cognates would include Lithuanian aksti̇̀s (“skewer, fish bone”) akšti̇̀s (“skewer, fish bone, awn”), Old Church Slavonic осътъ (osŭtŭ, “thorny water plant”), остъ (ostŭ, “awn, stinger, fish bone”), Russian ость (ostʹ), Czech osť, Polish ość, Russian осот (osot, “thorny plant”), Bulgarian о́сът (ósăt), Czech, Polish oset. In the (b) case, cognates would include Hittite 𒄩𒀸𒋫𒄿, Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi), Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Albanian asht, Tocharian B āsta, Latin os (and maybe also costa (“rib”)), and perhaps also all the (a) cognates, which some authors also derive from *h₃ésth₁-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈastɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

aste f (5th declension)

1. (anatomy) (long) tail

   zirga aste ― horse tail

   suņa aste ― dog tail

   vilka aste ― wolf tail

   gaiļa aste ― rooster tail

   pāva aste ― peacock tail

   kaķis pa to laiku bija izlavījies no pagalma un, izlējis asti, lēni gāja prom ― the cat, meanwhile, had gotten out of the yard and, straightening (his) tail, slowly went away

   kas sunim asti cels, ja pats necels ― who is going to raise a dog's tail if not for the dog himself

2. (of objects) tail (extended part at the end)

   lidmašīnas aste ― airplane tail

   kleitas aste ― dress tail

   komētas aste ― comet's tail

   garas rindas stāvēja pie kasēm... paša astē iestājās arī tēvs ― there were long lines at the cashiers... father joined at the very tail (= end) (of one of the lines)

Usage notes

Basically, aste refers to long tails like a horse's, while ļipa refers to short tails like a rabbit's.

Declension

Declension of aste (5th)

	singular	plural
nominative	aste	astes
genitive	astes	astu
dative	astei	astēm
accusative	asti	astes
instrumental	asti	astēm
locative	astē	astēs
vocative	aste	astes

Synonyms

• ļipa

Derived terms

• astains

Livvi

Etymology

From Finnish aste.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑste/
• Hyphenation: as‧te

Noun

aste

1. degree
2. point

Declension

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

References

• Tatjana Boiko (2019), “aste”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French acheter.

Verb

aste

1. to buy

References

• Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN, page 36
• Carpooran, Arnaud (2011), Diksioner Morisien [Mauritian Dictionary] (in Mauritian Creole), second edition, Éditions Le Printemps, →ISBN, page 153

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈasːte/

Verb

aste

1. inflection of astat:
   1. first-person dual present indicative
   2. third-person plural past indicative

Seychellois Creole

Etymology

From French acheter.

Verb

aste

1. to buy

References

• D'Offay, Danielle; Lionnet, Guy (1982), Diksyonner kreol-franse [Creole-French Dictionary] (in French), Hamburg: Buske, →ISBN

Swahili

Etymology

From Gujarati આસ્તે (āste), Hindi आस्ते (āste), from Classical Persian آهِسْتَه (āhista).

Pronunciation

• (Unguja standard) IPA^(key): /ˈɑs.tɛ/

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Adjective

-aste (declinable)

1. slow (not quick in motion)

Declension

Inflected forms of -aste

Noun class	singular	plural
m-wa class(I/II)	maste	waaste
m-mi class(III/IV)	maste	miaste
ji-ma class(V/VI)	aste	maaste
ki-vi class(VII/VIII)	kiaste	viaste
n class(IX/X)	aste	aste
u class(XI)	maste	see n(X) or ma(VI) class
pa class(XVI)	paaste
ku class(XVII)	kuaste
mu class(XVIII)	maste

Derived terms

• asteaste (“slowly”)