infringo

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁én

Proto-Italic *en

Proto-Italic *en-

Latin in-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Latin frangō

Latin īnfringō

From in- + frangō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ĩːˈfrɪŋ.ɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [iɱˈfriŋ.ɡo]

Verb

īnfringō (present infinitive īnfringere, perfect active īnfrēgī, supine īnfrāctum); third conjugation

1. to break off, infringe

   Synonyms: frangō, irrumpō, rumpō, violō

2. to check, weaken, lessen, diminish, mitigate or assuage

Conjugation

   Conjugation of īnfringō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	īnfringō		īnfringis		īnfringit		īnfringimus		īnfringitis		īnfringunt
	imperfect	īnfringēbam		īnfringēbās		īnfringēbat		īnfringēbāmus		īnfringēbātis		īnfringēbant
	future	īnfringam		īnfringēs		īnfringet		īnfringēmus		īnfringētis		īnfringent
	perfect	īnfrēgī		īnfrēgistī		īnfrēgit		īnfrēgimus		īnfrēgistis		īnfrēgērunt, īnfrēgēre
	pluperfect	īnfrēgeram		īnfrēgerās		īnfrēgerat		īnfrēgerāmus		īnfrēgerātis		īnfrēgerant
	future perfect	īnfrēgerō		īnfrēgeris		īnfrēgerit		īnfrēgerimus		īnfrēgeritis		īnfrēgerint
passive	present	īnfringor		īnfringeris, īnfringere		īnfringitur		īnfringimur		īnfringiminī		īnfringuntur
	imperfect	īnfringēbar		īnfringēbāris, īnfringēbāre		īnfringēbātur		īnfringēbāmur		īnfringēbāminī		īnfringēbantur
	future	īnfringar		īnfringēris, īnfringēre		īnfringētur		īnfringēmur		īnfringēminī		īnfringentur
	perfect	īnfrāctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	īnfrāctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	īnfrāctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	īnfringam		īnfringās		īnfringat		īnfringāmus		īnfringātis		īnfringant
	imperfect	īnfringerem		īnfringerēs		īnfringeret		īnfringerēmus		īnfringerētis		īnfringerent
	perfect	īnfrēgerim		īnfrēgerīs		īnfrēgerit		īnfrēgerīmus		īnfrēgerītis		īnfrēgerint
	pluperfect	īnfrēgissem		īnfrēgissēs		īnfrēgisset		īnfrēgissēmus		īnfrēgissētis		īnfrēgissent
passive	present	īnfringar		īnfringāris, īnfringāre		īnfringātur		īnfringāmur		īnfringāminī		īnfringantur
	imperfect	īnfringerer		īnfringerēris, īnfringerēre		īnfringerētur		īnfringerēmur		īnfringerēminī		īnfringerentur
	perfect	īnfrāctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	īnfrāctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		īnfringe		—		—		īnfringite		—
	future	—		īnfringitō		īnfringitō		—		īnfringitōte		īnfringuntō
passive	present	—		īnfringere		—		—		īnfringiminī		—
	future	—		īnfringitor		īnfringitor		—		—		īnfringuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		īnfringere			īnfringī			īnfringēns			—
future		īnfrāctūrum esse			īnfrāctum īrī			īnfrāctūrus			īnfringendus, īnfringundus
perfect		īnfrēgisse			īnfrāctum esse			—			īnfrāctus
future perfect		—			īnfrāctum fore			—			—
perfect potential		īnfrāctūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		īnfringendī		īnfringendō		īnfringendum		īnfringendō		īnfrāctum		īnfrāctū

Derived terms

• īnfrāctiō

Descendants

• Through Vulgar Latin *īnfrangere:
  • Balkano-Romance:
    • Romanian: înfrânge
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: infrangere
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Old French: enfraindre
      • Middle French: enfraindre
        • French: enfreindre
• Through Vulgar Latin *īnfrigintiāre:
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Sicilian: nfrijinzari
• Borrowings:
  • → Catalan: infringir
  • → English: infringe
  • → Galician: infrinxir
  • → Portuguese: infringir
  • → Spanish: infringir

References

• “infringo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “infringo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “infringo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.