viridis

Latin

Alternative forms

• virdis (late, proscribed)

Etymology

From vireō (“flourish; be verdant”) + -is.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈwɪ.rɪ.dɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈviː.ri.dis]

Adjective

viridis (neuter viride, comparative viridior, superlative viridissimus); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. verdant
   1. fresh, young, youthful
   2. green in color
   3. abundant with verdure

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	viridis	viride		viridēs	viridia
genitive	viridis			viridium
dative	viridī			viridibus
accusative	viridem	viride		viridīs viridēs	viridia
ablative	viridī			viridibus
vocative	viridis	viride		viridēs	viridia

Related terms

• viridārium
• viride
• viridēscō
• viridia
• viridiārium
• viridicātus
• viriditās
• viridō

Descendants

Reflexes of the Late variant virdis:

• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: veardi, vearde, verdi
  • Istro-Romanian: verde
  • Megleno-Romanian: veardi, verdi
  • Romanian: verde
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: verde, verdi
    • Gallurese: veldi
    • Sassarese: verdhi
  • Dalmatian: vert
  • Istriot: virdo
  • Italian: verde
  • Neapolitan: verde
  • Sicilian: virdi
  • Venetan: vérdo
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: vert, verd
  • Ladin: vërt
  • Romansh: verd, veard (Sutsilvan)
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: vaird
  • Ligurian: vèrde
  • Lombard: verd
  • Piedmontese: verd
  • Romagnol: vérd
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: verd
  • Franco-Provençal: vèrd
  • Old French: vert (see there for further descendants)
  • Occitan: verd
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: verde, berde
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: verde
    • Fala: verdi
    • Galician: verde
    • Portuguese: verde (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Leonese: verde
    • Asturian: verde
    • Leonese: verde
    • Mirandese: berde
  • Old Spanish: verde
    • Ladino: vedre
    • Spanish: verde (see there for further descendants)
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: birde, vidre, bidre
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: (see there for further descendants)
  • *viridia
  • *viriditia
  • *viridizāre
  • *viridūra
• Borrowings:
  • Early:
    • → Albanian: verdhë
    • → Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨrð (see there for further descendants)
  • Later:
    • → English: virid (learned)

See also

Colors in Classical and Old Latin · colōrēs (layout · text)

albus, candidus, cānus, marmoreus (poetic), eburneus (poetic), niveus (poetic), argenteus (poetic), lacteus (poetic)	pullus, fuscus, aquilus, mūrīnus (of livestock)	āter, niger, furvus, piceus (poetic)
rūfus, russus, ruber, flammeus (poetic), rōbus (of oxen), burrus; pūniceus, spādīx (poetic), sanguineus (poetic)	rutilus, fulvus (poetic), rāvus (of eyes), aureus (poetic), croceus (poetic); rūbidus, niger (of eyes), badius (of horses)	lūteus, flāvus, lūridus, pallidus, gilvus (of horses), helvus (of cattle); cēreus (poetic)
viridis, flāvus (poetic)	viridis, herbeus, fulvus (poetic)	viridis, glaucus, caeruleus (poetic, only dark)
	glaucus, caesius (of eyes)	caeruleus, līvidus, ferrūgineus (poetic), glaucus
violāceus	purpureus (underlying shade)	roseus

Further reading

• “viridis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “viridis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “viridis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.