仁

See also: 忈

仁 U+4EC1, 仁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC1 ← 什 [U+4EC0] CJK Unified Ideographs 仂 → [U+4EC2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

仁 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, Cangjie input 人一一 (OMM), four-corner 2121₀, composition ⿰亻二)

Derived characters

• 芢, 佞

Additional Derived Characters

• 𱒊, 𮰛, 𣲚, 𣏴, 𭸹, 𮵘, 𥄰, 𫴮, 𠣒, 𰩡, 𬿎, 𦓍, 𡛉

Descendants

• に (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
• ニ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 349
• Dae Jaweon: page 193, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 107, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4EC1

Chinese

simp. and trad.		仁
alternative forms		𡰥 忎 忈

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仁
Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions b12242 Small seal script s05656 Transcribed ancient scripts L31211 L31212 L31213 L31214 L31215 L31216 L31217 L31218 L04651 L04652 L04653 L04654 L04655
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (人) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
千	*sn̥ʰiːn
仟	*sn̥ʰiːn
芊	*sn̥ʰiːn, *sn̥ʰiːns
阡	*sn̥ʰiːn
汘	*sn̥ʰiːn
迁	*sn̥ʰiːn
杄	*sn̥ʰiːn
人	*njin
仁	*njin
朲	*njin
佞	*neːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njin): phonetic 人 (OC *njin) + semantic 二.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“heart; brain; mind”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Tangkhul Naga ning (“mind”), Manipuri ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ (pukning, “heart; mind”), Kinnauri [script needed] (stiŋ, “heart”), Garo taning (“brain”), Ngochang Achang nhaiqlom (“heart”), Bisu นืงบา (nɨŋba, “heart”), Burmese အနှစ် (a.hnac, “kernel”). Possibly related to Tibetan ཉིང (nying, “pith, essence”) (Schuessler, 2007).

For a parallel semantic development, compare Tibetan སྙིང་རྗེ (snying rje, “compassion; kindness; mercy”), from Tibetan སྙིང (snying, “heart; mind”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): rén (ren²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ren²

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): rén

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): rén

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jan⁴ / ngan⁴

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): jan⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngin³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yìn

  (Hailu, HRS): rhin

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yin²

• Jin (Wiktionary): reng¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): ìng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lîn / jîn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ring⁵ / rêng⁵

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): yieng⁵

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): njan⁴
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶gnin / ²gnin / ⁶zen / ²zen / ²zeen / ²zyun
  • (Jinhua): ²gnin; ²zhin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ren²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rén
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rén
    • Wade–Giles: jên²
    • Yale: rén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ren
    • Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɻən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (仁兒 / 仁儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rénr
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rénr
    • Wade–Giles: jên²-ʼrh
    • Yale: rénr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rel
    • Palladius: жэньр (žɛnʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɻəɻ³⁵/

Note: Erhuayin for the kernel sense only.

• • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ren²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhen
    • Sinological