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沾

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 霑
沾 U+6CBE, 沾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CBE
← 沽
[U+6CBD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沿 →
[U+6CBF]

Translingual

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Han character

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沾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 水卜口 (EYR), four-corner 31160, composition ⿰氵占)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters
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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17259
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1583, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6CBE

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 沾

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 沾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
頕 *taːm
煔 *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶 *ɦlaːm
詀 *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站 *rteːms
檆 *sreːm
黏 *nem
粘 *nem
枮 *slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑 *tem
沾 *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘 *tems, *tʰem
鉆 *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占 *ʔljem, *tjems
颭 *tjemʔ
佔 *tjems, *teːm
苫 *hljem, *hljems
痁 *hljem, *teːms
蛅 *njem
阽 *lem
敁 *teːm
掂 *tiːm
點 *teːmʔ
玷 *teːmʔ, *teːms
店 *tiːms
坫 *tiːms, *tim
黇 *tʰeːm
扂 *deːmʔ
拈 *neːm
鮎 *neːm
砧 *ʔl'ɯm
笘 *teːb
跕 *teːb, *tʰeːb
貼 *tʰeːb
帖 *tʰeːb
怗 *tʰeːb
呫 *tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).

Ganlu Zishu considers this glyph to be an unorthodox variant of 霑 (zhān).

Etymology 1

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Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ត្រាំ (tram, “to soak”), តំរាំ (tɑmrŏəm, “soaking; immersion; something which has been soaked”), ជ្រាំ (crŏəm, “muddy water”), Proto-Bahnaric *tram (“to soak”), *kram (“to sink”), Proto-Katuic *tram (“to soak”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tiam, chiam - literary;
  • cham - vernacular.
Note: diang1 - Chenghai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 沾
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂan⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂan²¹/
/t͡san²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂã²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂan²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂã²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡san⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡san⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡san⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sø⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sø⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷõ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕi³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂə̃³³/
Xiangtan /t͡san³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sam⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃɑm²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sim⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sim⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sim⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sieŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /niŋ⁵⁴/
/t͡siŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tiam³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tiam²³/
Rime
Character 沾
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 張廉切
Baxter trjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈˠiᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈᵚiɛm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈjiam/
Li
Rong 		/ȶjɛm/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭɛm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zim1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 沾
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trjem ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t]rem/
English moisten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沾
Reading # 1/3
No. 16702
Phonetic
component 		占
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		霑
Old
Chinese 		/*tem/

Definitions

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沾

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) abundant; overflowing; brimming
  2. to soak; to moisten
  3. to share in (a benefit); to benefit through association
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to influence; to edify
  5. to be stained with; to be contaminated by
    我的鞋子沾到泥巴了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ de xiézi zhān dào níbā le. [Pinyin]
    My shoes are stained with mud.
  6. to touch; to come into contact with
  7. (dialectal) to be good; to be okay
Synonyms
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  • (to benefit):
  • (to touch):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 沾
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 鹽 (154)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 張廉切
Baxter trjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈˠiᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈᵚiɛm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈjiam/
Li
Rong 		/ȶjɛm/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭɛm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zim1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沾
Reading # 1/3
No. 16702
Phonetic
component 		占
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		霑
Old
Chinese 		/*tem/

Definitions

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沾

  1. (～水) an ancient river that flows from Huguan County, Shanxi into the Qi (淇) River in Henan, China

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 沾
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 他兼切
Baxter them
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰem/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰem/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɛm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɛm/
Li
Rong 		/tʰem/
Wang
Li 		/tʰiem/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰiem/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tim1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沾
Reading # 3/3
No. 16728
Phonetic
component 		占
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		添
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰeːm/

Definitions

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沾

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 添 (tiān, “to increase”)
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) thin

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 沾
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 都念切
Baxter temH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/temH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/temH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛmH/
Li
Rong 		/temH/
Wang
Li 		/tiemH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tiemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		diàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dim3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 沾
Reading # 2/3
No. 16725
Phonetic
component 		占
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		店
Old
Chinese 		/*teːms/

Definitions

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沾

  1. (～水) an ancient river flowing from Xiyang County, Shanxi into Ye (冶) River in Hebei
  2. (～縣) (historical) a county in the Han dynasty southwest of Xiyang County

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of 沾 – see 覘 (“to spy on; to peek at; to observe; to survey”).
(This character is a variant form of 覘).

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of 沾 – see 蘸 (“to dip in; to submerge in; to dip in; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 蘸).
Notes:

Japanese

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Kanji

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沾

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): てん (ten)
  • Kun: うるおう (uruō)

Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 沾 (MC trjem).

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

沾 (eumhun 시다 첨 (sida cheom))

  1. hanja form? of 첨 (“to soak; to moisten”)
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 沾 (MC them).

Hanja

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沾 (eumhun 더할 첨 (deohal cheom))

  1. alternative form of 添 (“hanja form? of 첨 (“to append; to increase”)”)

Etymology 3

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Hanja

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沾 (eumhun 경망할 첩 (gyeongmanghal cheop))

  1. hanja form? of 첩 (“frivolous; discourteous; smug”)
Compounds
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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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沾: Hán Nôm readings: chăm, trèm, triêm, chem, thêm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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