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街

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
街 U+8857, 街
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8857
← 衖
[U+8856] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衘 →
[U+8858]

Translingual

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Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

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街 (Kangxi radical 144, 行+6, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 竹人土土弓 (HOGGN), four-corner 21104, composition ⿴行圭 or ⿲彳圭亍)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1109, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34051
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1573, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 831, character 16
  • Unihan data for U+8857

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 街
2nd round simp. 亍

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (圭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
街 *kreː, *kreː
鞋 *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː
娾 *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ
佳 *kreː
鮭 *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
涯 *ŋreː, *ŋre
崖 *ŋreː, *ŋre
啀 *ŋreː
厓 *ŋreː
捱 *ŋreː
睚 *ŋreːs
娃 *qreː
洼 *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː
哇 *qreː, *qʷraː
胿 *ɡeː, *kʷeː
溎 *qeːns
觟 *ɡʷraːʔ
黊 *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
蘳 *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe
蛙 *qʷraː, *qʷreː
窪 *qʷraː
卦 *kʷreːs
挂 *kʷreːs
掛 *kʷreːs
詿 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs
罣 *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
絓 *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs
鼃 *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː
圭 *kʷeː
珪 *kʷeː
邽 *kʷeː
閨 *kʷeː
袿 *kʷeː
窐 *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː
茥 *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
桂 *kʷeːs
筀 *kʷeːs
奎 *kʰʷeː
刲 *kʰʷeː
蝰 *kʰʷeː
楏 *kʰʷeː
睳 *qʰʷeː
畦 *ɡʷeː
眭 *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi
烓 *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ
跬 *kʰʷeʔ
恚 *qʷes
硅 *qʰʷreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreː, *kreː): semantic 行 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).

Originally, the phonetic component is not related to the concept of earth (土) since in its original form it represents a pair of ritual axes perhaps made of jade 士. Hence, the link to the concept of earth in this character and 厓 either comes from folk etymology or its appearance in the Small Seal script.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-wa (“village”) (STEDT); see 里 (OC *rɯʔ, “village”) for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • koe/ke/kere/kee - vernacular;
  • kai - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 街
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiɛ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kai⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕiɛ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕie²¹/
/kai²¹/ 老
Jinan /t͡ɕiɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiɛ²¹/
Xining /kɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kɛ⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕie⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /kai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kai⁵⁵/
Kunming /kæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕie̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ka⁵³/
Suzhou /kɑ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕie̞³³/
Wenzhou /ka³³/
Hui Shexian /ka³¹/
Tunxi /ka¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kai³³/
Xiangtan /kai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /kai⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ke⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ke²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kai⁵⁵/
Nanning /kai⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kai⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kai⁵⁵/
/kue⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɛ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kai⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /koi³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kɔi²³/
Rime
Character 街 街
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 佳 (31) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 古膎切 古諧切
Baxter kea keaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠɛ/ /kˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚæ/ /kᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kæi/ /kɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaɨj/ /kəɨj/
Li
Rong 		/kɛ/ /kɛi/
Wang
Li 		/kai/ /kɐi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kai/ /kăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiā jiē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaai1 gaai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 街
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiē
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kɛ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁre/
English road-crossing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 街 街
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4527 4532
Phonetic
component 		圭 圭
Rime
group 		支 支
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		皆 佳
Old
Chinese 		/*kreː/ /*kreː/
Notes 本音佳

Definitions

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街

  1. (countable) street (Classifier: 條／条 m c)
    街景  ―  jiējǐng  ―  street scene
    地下街  ―  dìxiàjiē  ―  underground street
    行落兩條街大把嘢食。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    行落两条街大把嘢食。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    haang4 lok6 loeng5 tiu4 gaai1 daai6 baa2 je5 sik6. [Jyutping]
    If you walk two blocks down the street, there will be a lot to eat.
  2. market; fair
  3. short for 街道 (jiēdào, “subdistrict”)
    新港街  ―  Xīngǎng Jiē  ―  Xingang Subdistrict
  4. (Hong Kong Cantonese, figuratively) distance; margin (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    贏九條街／赢九条街 [Cantonese]  ―  jeng4 gau2 tiu4 gaai1 [Jyutping]  ―  to win by a large margin (literally, “to win with a distance of nine street blocks”)
  5. (Hong Kong Cantonese) outside; the public
    街外人 [Cantonese]  ―  gaai1 ngoi6 jan4 [Jyutping]  ―  outsider
    街症 [Cantonese]  ―  gaai1 zing3 [Jyutping]  ―  outpatient clinic
  6. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 街 (“street”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 街, 街道
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 街
Taiwan 街
Malaysia 街
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 街
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 街, 街道
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 街, 街道
Wuhan 街, 街道
Guilin 街
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 街
Hefei 街
Cantonese Guangzhou 街
Hong Kong 街
Macau 街
Yangjiang 街, 街巷
Gan Nanchang 街
Hakka Meixian 街, 街路
Kuching (Hepo) 街
Jin Taiyuan 街
Northern Min Jian'ou 街墿
Eastern Min Fuzhou 街
Southern Min Xiamen 街路
Quanzhou 街路
Zhangzhou 街路
Tainan 街路, 街仔路, 街仔
Manila (Hokkien) 街路, 街
Chaozhou 街路
Shantou 街路
Jieyang 街路
Wu Shanghai 街, 街路
Suzhou 街
Wenzhou 街路, 街
Xiang Changsha 街
Shuangfeng 街

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Bouyei: gaail
  • → White Hmong: kev
  • → Zhuang: gai

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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街

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. main street or boulevard

Readings

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  • Go-on: け (ke)
  • Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō †)
  • Kan’yō-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
  • Kun: まち (machi, 街, Jōyō)、ちまた (chimata, 街)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
街
まち
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 街 – see the following entry.
【町まち】1
[noun] a town, a city
[noun] a section of a palace or residence
[noun] a section of buildings
[noun] under the Jōbō system, a section of a castle town
[noun] chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m)
[noun] chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
[noun] a section of where someone lives
[noun] a market
[noun] a section of a town or city
[noun] a fortune-telling line or shape carved or drawn on the shell or bones of turtles or deer
[noun] grade, quality
[noun] townspeople
[noun] the exterior of a red-light district
[noun] the interior of a red-light district
[noun] tax
[noun] a subdivision making up a city
[noun] the local government
[noun] (obsolete) a plot (of land)
[noun] (obsolete) a measure (of land)
[proper noun] a surname
[suffix] a machi district (more detailed than 都(と) (-to), 道(どう) (-dō), 府(ふ) (-fu), 県(けん) (-ken))
Alternative spelling
坊
(This term, 街, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
街
がい
Grade: 4
kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese 街 (MC keaj).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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街(がい) • (-gai) 

  1. town, district, area
Derived terms
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Japanese terms suffixed with 街 read as がい
暗黒街
歓楽街
商店街
地下街
中心街
繁華街

References

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 街 (MC kea|keaj). Recorded as Middle Korean 개 (kay) (Yale: kay) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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  • (street; road):
  • (in 街道 and 街頭):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

街 (eumhun 거리 가 (geori ga))

  1. hanja form? of 가 (“street; road”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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街: Hán Nôm readings: nhai, giai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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