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Forfeda

Ón VicipĂ©id, an chiclipĂ©id shaor.
Bosca Sonraí GraiféimForfeda
CineĂĄllitir oghaim Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata
Ball deogham Cuir in eagar ar Wikidata

Litreacha sa bhreis san aibĂ­tir oghaim is ea na Forfeda,[1] i dteannta leis an bunliosta le fiche litir. Cumadh iad i rĂ© na Sean-Ghaeilge, roinnt cĂ©adta tar Ă©is bhuaic an Oghaim. Is amhlaidh go seasaidĂ­s d'foghair a measadh a bhĂ­ ar iarraidh sa bhunaibĂ­tir, mar shampla Ă©(o), Ăł(i), Ăș(i), ch agus p.

Aicme Forfeda

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ᚕ ᚖ ᚗ ᚘ ᚙ

Cuireadh na forfeda is tĂĄbhachtaĂ­ ina n-aicme fĂ©in: Éabhadh, Óir, Uilleann, PĂ­n agus Eamhancholl.

Luach foghraĂ­ochta

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Is iad a leanas luachanna foghraĂ­ochta na bhforfid, a mbunluachanna agus iad a cumadh nĂ­os deireanaĂ­ — fĂ©ach thĂ­os.

Ainm Foghair
ᚕ Éabhadh EA, K EA
ᚖ Óir Ó OI
ᚗ Uilleann UI UI
ᚘ Pín, Ifín P IO
ᚙ Eamhancholl CH AE

SanasaĂ­ocht

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Ogham Nua Sean DIL
ᚕ Éabhadh Ébad Ă©bad
ᚖ Ór Oir oir, (? óir)
ᚗ Uilleann Uillenn 2 uillenn
ᚘ Ifín Iphín, Pín iphín, ifín
ᚙ Eamhancholl Emancholl emoncholl
  • Is amhlaidh go bhfuil an t-ainm 'Éabhadh' bunaithe ar Eadhadh (ogham) agus Iodhadh (ogham).
  • TĂĄ an t-ainm Oir gar don fhocal Ăłr (gaolta le aurum na Laidine).
  • Luann an t-ainm Uilleann, do chruth na litreach.
  • Is Ă© is brĂ­ le hEamhancholl nĂĄ CĂșpla-C, ag lua do chruth na litreach, ᚉ

Briatharoghaim

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Is iad a leanas briatharoghaim na litreacha (nathanna meafaracha dhĂĄ-fhoclach nĂł kennings) sna lĂĄmhscrĂ­bhinnĂ­ Auraicept na n-Éces, De DĂșilib Feda na Forfid agus An Leabhar Oghaim:

Litir Briatharoghaim
Morainn mac Moín Maic ind Óc
Éabhadh[2] snámchaín feda
snĂĄmhchaoin feĂĄ/litreach		 cosc lobair
cosc lobhair
Oir[3] sruithem aicde[4]
is sruithe/fiannaĂ­ ĂĄbhar		 lĂ­ crotha
lĂ­/loinnir crutha
Uilleann[5] tĂșthmar[6] fid
is cumha fiodh/crann		 cubat oll[7][8]
banlĂĄmh mhĂłr
IfĂ­n milsem fedo
is milse feĂĄ		 amram blais
is iontaĂ­ blais
Eamhaincholl[9] lĂșad[10] sĂĄethaig
och saothaigh		 mol[11] galraig
crĂłnĂĄn galraigh
  • Chuireann na nathanna don litir Éabhadh an foghar eo (bradĂĄn fosta) i gcuimhne.
  • Sa Bhriatharoghaim Con Culainn, nĂ­ fhaightear nath ach don forfid Éabhadh; caĂ­nem Ă©co[12]
    is caoine iach[13]/Ă©isc
  • Luann an briatharogham "groan of a sick person" d'fhoghar litreach Eamhaincholl, .i. ch [x].

CĂłras na gCrann

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Ó thaobh ainmneacha na bhforfid de, nĂ­l ann ach ceann amhĂĄin a d'fhĂ©adfadh bheith ina chrann nĂł tom (.i. pĂ­n). San Auraicept ĂĄmh, tugtar ainmneacha crann mar ghluais do cheithre litir:

InscrĂ­bhinnĂ­

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Seachas an chĂ©ad litir Éabhadh, nĂ­ fheictear go minic na forfeda in inscrĂ­bhinnĂ­ Oghaim ortadocsacha. NĂ­ fheictear Óir, Uilleann agus PĂ­n ach go hannamh, agus nĂ­ fheictear Eamhaincholl riamh.

ScrĂ­obhtaĂ­ Éabhadh go minic le haghaidh an fhocail fhoirmle KOI ᚕᚑᚔ, leis an bhfoghar /k/ nĂł /x/. CiallaĂ­onn KOI 'Seo Ă©' nĂł a leithĂ©id, amhail is 'Hic iacit' as Laidin (McManus §5.3, 1991). Feictear Ă© ĂĄmh leis a luach gutha in inscrĂ­bhinnĂ­ ortadocsacha nĂ­os deireanaĂ­.

TĂĄ na forfeda eile chomh gann sin sna hinscrĂ­bhinnĂ­ gur fiĂș Ă© iad go lĂ©ir a lĂ©iriĂș (uimhriĂș de rĂ©ir Macalister):

  • Óir. A dĂł.
    1. Cill Ó gCróin, Co. Chiarraí (235)
      ᚛ᚐᚅᚋ ᚋᚖᚂᚓᚌᚖᚋᚏᚔᚇ ᚋᚐᚉᚔ ᚍᚓᚉᚒᚋᚓᚅ᚜
      ANM MÓLEGÓMRID MACI VECUMEN
    2. Formaston, Aberdeenshire
      ᚛ᚋᚐᚊᚊᚖ ᚈᚐᚂᚂᚒᚑᚏᚏᚆ ᚅᚓᚆᚆᚈᚍ ᚏᚑᚁᚁᚐᚉ ᚉᚓᚅᚅᚓᚃᚃ᚜
      MAQQÓ TALLUORRH NÉHHTV ROBBAC CÉNNEFF
  • Uilleann. A haon.
    1. Tír Ó Maoil, Co. Chiarraí (240)
      ᚛ᚋᚑᚉᚒᚏᚏᚓᚈᚔ ᚋᚐᚊᚔ ᚍᚂᚔᚄᚐᚉᚓᚄᚗᚉᚋᚔᚏ᚜
      MOCURRETI MAQI VLISACESUICMIR
  • PĂ­n. A dĂł, b'fhĂ©idir a trĂ­.
    1. An ChĂșil Thoir, Dairbhre, Co. ChiarraĂ­ (231)
      ᚛ᚂᚑᚌᚔᚈᚈᚔ ᚋᚐᚊᚔ ᚓᚏᚘᚓᚅ᚜
      LOGITTI MAQI ERPENN
      ScrĂ­obhadh an letter pĂ­n mar x-cruth in ionad x-faoi-dhĂł, is amhlaidh toisc gurbh deacair Ă© an cruth cruinn a .
    2. Crickowel, Breconshire, Breatain Bheag (327)
      ᚛ᚈᚒᚏᚘᚔᚂᚔ ᚋᚑᚄᚐᚉ ᚈᚏᚐᚂᚂᚑᚅᚔ᚜
      TURPILI MOSAC TRALLONI
      ArĂ­s, scrĂ­obhadh x-cruth don litir.
    3. Margam, Glamorganshire, Breatain Bheag (409)
      ᚛ᚘᚐᚋᚘᚓᚄ᚜
      PAMPES
      TĂĄ cuid mhaith den inscrĂ­bhinn Oghaim scriosta, agus tĂĄ cuma rinn saighde ar an gcuid ar marthain. TĂĄ leagan as Laidin ina theannta ĂĄmh a dhearbhaĂ­onn an foghar.

Forfeda eile

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Thar na cĂșig forfeda plĂ©ite thuas, tĂĄ cuid mhaith leaganacha eile ann, le fĂĄil idir lĂĄmhscrĂ­bhinnĂ­ agus inscrĂ­bhinnĂ­ "scolaĂ­" (iar-6Ăș haois), ar a dtugtar le chĂ©ile "Forfeda". TĂ©ann siad siar go dtĂ­ rĂ©anna Sean-Ghaeilge, MeĂĄn-Ghaeilge nĂł fiĂș nua-aimseartha moch.

Peith

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PrĂ­omhalt: Peith (ogham)
ᚚ

Óir nach scrĂ­obhtaĂ­ na forfeda aicmiĂșil ach go hannamh, d'Ă©iligh na hOghamaithe nĂ­os deireanaĂ­ (de bharr a "scĂ©imreachas" (McManus 1988:167)) gur ghuthaĂ­ iad na prĂ­omh-fhorfeda. B'Ă©igean dĂłibh ansin litir nua a chruthĂș don fhoghar [p], mar mhionathrĂș de [b], ar a taobh, ar a nglaoitear peith nĂł beith bhog.

LĂĄmhscrĂ­bhinnĂ­

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I measc leaganacha an Oghaim among le fĂĄil in Auraicept na n-Éces den 7Ăș-12Ăș haoiseanna, aithnĂ­tear thuilleadh litreacha mar fhorfeda (uia. 79, 80 agus 81).

Forfeda an Oghaim i Leabhar Bhaile an MhĂłta, uia. 79, 80 agus 81

Inscriptions

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Ar Chloch Bressay ar Inse Shealtainn (Celtic Inscribed Stones Project (CISP) BREAY/1[14]) feictear cĂșig forfid, trĂ­ dĂ­obh le feiceĂĄil ar leachtanna cuimhneachĂĄin eile na hAlban agus i lĂĄmhscrĂ­bhinnĂ­ Gaelacha araon, agus dhĂĄ cheann a fhaightear i mBressay amhĂĄin.

  1. dearadh "coinĂ­n-chluaise", a mheastar gur D-athraithe de chineĂĄl Ă©igin Ă©, is amhlaidh spirant glĂłrach.
  2. guta uillinne, is amhlaidh a A-athraithe.
  3. cros-haitseĂĄil ceithre-strĂ­oc. Feictear seo san Ogham agus siollabra as Bern den 8Ăș-9Ăș haois, faoi theideal lĂ©itĂ­ trĂĄth mar 'RR', ach moltar freisin gurSS' atĂĄ ann. TĂĄ sĂ© le fĂĄil i Leabhar Bhaile an MhĂłta, ui. 64.
  4. TĂĄ ceann desna litreacha ar leith dĂ©anta le cĂșig strĂ­oc tonnta claonta siar trasna na stoclĂ­ne, I-athraithe b'fhĂ©idir.
  5. B'fhĂ©idir gur ceartĂșchĂĄn bhotĂșn snoĂ­odĂłireachta Ă© an litir ar leith eile, agus nĂ­ ceaptha mar fhorfid.

FoinsĂ­

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  • Kelly, Fergus, 'The Old Irish Tree-list' Celtica 11 (1976) ll. 122–3
  • Macalister, Robert A.S. Corpus inscriptionum insularum celticarum. CĂ©ad clĂł. Baile Átha Cliath: Oifig an tSolĂĄthair, 1945-1949. OCLC 71392234
  • McManus, Damian. Ogam: Archaizing, Orthography and the Authenticity of the Manuscript Key to the Alphabet, Ériu 37, 1988, ll. 1-31. Baile Átha Cliath: Acadamh RĂ­oga na hÉireann. OCLC 56088345
  • —, Irish letter-names and their kennings, Ériu 39 (1988), ll. 127-168.
  • —, A Guide to Ogam, Maigh Nuad, 1991. ISBN 1-870684-17-6 OCLC 24181838
  • Sims-Williams, P. The additional letters of the Ogam Alphabet, Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies, 23, ll. 29-75 (1992).

Naisc sheachtracha

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TagairtĂ­

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  1. ↑ forfid, fid ar eDIL; fĂ©ach fosta taebomna
  2. ↑ Ă©bad ar eDIL
  3. ↑ óir (?óir) ar eDIL
  4. ↑ 2 aicde
  5. ↑ 2 uillenn ar eDIL
  6. ↑ tĂștmar, cumha, ar eDIL
  7. ↑ 1 cubat
  8. ↑ cubat n-oll .i. uilleann .i. edlenn
  9. ↑ emoncholl ar eDIL
  10. ↑ lĂșad (b), plĂ©, ar eDIL
  11. ↑ 2 mol, crónán, dordán, ar eDIL
  12. ↑ Ă©ic ar eDIL
  13. ↑ eo ar teanglann.ie, 1bradĂĄn, 2iĂșr
  14. ↑ BREAY/1 Curtha i gcartlann 2013-10-23 ar an Wayback Machine sa bhunachar CISP


AicmĂ­ agus Litreacha Oghaim
Beith Uath Muin Ailm Forfeda
B L F S N H D T C Q M G NG S R A O U E I EA OI UI IA AE P
ᚁ ᚂ ᚃ ᚄ ᚅ ᚆ ᚇ ᚈ ᚉ ᚊ ᚋ ᚌ ᚍ ᚎ ᚏ ᚐ ᚑ ᚒ ᚓ ᚔ ᚕ ᚖ ᚗ ᚘ ᚙ ᚚ
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