Red Square

Red Square
Красная площадь
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Kremlin and Red Square
More pictures
Wuri
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Rasha
Capital of Russia (en)	Moscow
Coordinates	55°45′15″N 37°37′12″E
History and use
Opening	15 century
Suna saboda	Kyau
Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya
Criterion	(i), (ii) (en) , (iv) (en) da (vi) (en)
Reference	545
Region	Europe and North America
Registration	)

 

Red Square ("},"p":{"wt":"ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːɪtʲ"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwDA" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Russian: , Krasnaya ploshchad', [ˈkrasnəjə ˈploːɕɪtj]) yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffi kuma mafi girma a Moscow, Rasha. Tana cikin cibiyar tarihi ta Moscow, tare da ganuwar gabashin Kremlin. Ita ce sanannen alama ta birnin, tare da sanannun gine-gine kamar Saint Basil's Cathedral, Lenin's Mausoleum, Gidan Tarihi na Jiha da GUM department store. Ya kasance Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO tun daga 1990. Red Square ya kasance wurin kisa, zanga-zangar, tashin hankali, fareti, da jawabai. Kusan murabba'in mita 73,000 (800,000 murabba'i feet), yana kwance kai tsaye a gabashin Kremlin da arewacin Kogin Moskva. An gina wani rami wanda ya raba filin daga Kremlin a cikin 1812.

Wurin da yake

Taswirar Red Square daga 1917

Red Square yana da kusan siffar rectangular kuma yana da faɗin mita 70 da tsawon mita 330. Ya shimfiɗa daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas tare da wani ɓangare na bangon Kremlin wanda ya zama iyakarta a gefen kudu maso yamma. A arewa maso gabas, filin yana da iyaka da ginin kantin sayar da sashen GUM da tsohuwar gundumar Kitay-gorod, a arewa maso yammacin Gidan Tarihi na Jiha da Ƙofar Tashin Matattu kuma a kudu maso gabas da Cathedral na Saint Basil. Hanyar Tverskaya ta fara ne a arewa maso yammacin filin da ke bayan ginin Gidan Tarihi na Jiha, kuma a kudu maso gabas shine abin da ake kira gangaren Basilius, wanda ke kaiwa ga Kogin Moskva, wanda ke sauka da kan gada zuwa Gundumar Zamoskvorechye. Hanyoyi biyu sun rabu zuwa arewa maso gabas daga Red Square: Nikolskaya Street, wanda aka sanya masa suna bayan Hasumiyar Nikolaus na Kremlin, wanda ke fuskantar juna, da Ilyinka (Ильинка), dukansu biyu sun wanzu tun daga karni na 14 kuma sun kasance muhimman jijiyoyin tsohuwar Moscow. A yau filin da kansa, ban da hanyar shiga da ke kaiwa ta hanyar zuwa Savior Gate na Kremlin, yanki ne na masu tafiya.

Asalin da sunan

Manyan murabba'i a cikin biranen Rasha, kamar waɗanda ke Suzdal, Yelets, da Pereslavl-Zalessky, ana kiransu Krasnaya ploshchad, ko Beautiful Square. Archaically, kalmar Rasha красная (Krasnaya) na nufin 'kyakkyawan', amma yanzu na nufin 'ja'. Kalmar yanzu don 'kyakkyawa' kyakkyawa ce (Krasivaya), wanda aka samo daga gare ta.

A Moscow, sunan Red Square da farko ya bayyana karamin yanki tsakanin St. Basil's Cathedral, Spasskaya Tower na Kremlin, da kuma dandalin Lobnoye Mesto. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich a hukumance ya tsawaita sunan don ya ƙunshi dukan filin, wanda a baya ake kira Pozhar, ko "wurin da aka ƙone", yana nuna cewa gine-ginen da suka gabata da ke zaune a shafin sun ƙone.

Tarihi

Tarihin Red Square yana nunawa a cikin zane-zane na Vasily Surikov, Konstantin Yuon da sauransu. An yi amfani da filin don zama babban kasuwar Moscow. Har ila yau, shafin ne na bukukuwan jama'a da sanarwa daban-daban, kuma a wasu lokuta za a yi bikin naɗa Tsars na Rasha. An gina filin a hankali tun daga wannan lokacin kuma duk gwamnatocin Rasha sun yi amfani da shi don bukukuwan hukuma tun lokacin da aka kafa shi.

Yankin Gabas na Kremlin triangle, wanda ke kusa da Red Square kuma yana tsakanin kogin Moskva da Kogin Neglinnaya na yanzu a karkashin kasa an dauke shi gefen da ya fi rauni na Kremlin don kai farmaki, tunda koguna ba su kare shi ba, ko wasu shingen halitta, kamar yadda sauran bangarorin suka kasance. Sabili da haka, an gina bango na Kremlin zuwa mafi girman tsawo a wannan gefen, kuma gine-ginen Italiyanci da ke da hannu a gina waɗannan ganuwar sun shawo kan Ivan the Great don share yankin da ke waje da ganuwar don ƙirƙirar filin don harbi. An bayar da dokoki masu dacewa a cikin 1493 da 1495. Sun yi kira da a rushe dukkan gine-gine a cikin 110 Sazhens (234 mita (768 ) na bango.