Vitruvius

Vitruvius
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Marcus Vitruvius Pollio
Haihuwa	Roman Republic (en) , 80 "BCE"
ƙasa	Romawa na Da
Harshen uwa	Harshen Latin
Mutuwa	15 "BCE"
Karatu
Harsuna	Harshen Latin
Sana'a
Sana'a	Masanin gine-gine da zane, marubuci, injiniya da artillerist (en)
Wurin aiki	Italiya
Muhimman ayyuka	De architectura (en)

Vitruvius (/vɪˈtruːviəs/ vi-TROO-vee-əs; la; c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC) was a Roman architect and engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work titled De architectura. As the only treatise on architecture to survive from antiquity, it has been regarded since the Renaissance as the first book on architectural theory, as well as a major source on the canon of classical architecture. It is not clear to what extent his contemporaries regarded his book as original or important.

Rayuwa da aiki

Ba a san komai game da rayuwar Vitruvius ba. Yawancin ra'ayoyi game da shi an samo su ne daga aikinsa guda daya, De Architectura . Wani lokaci ana ba da cikakken sunansa a matsayin "Marcus Vitruvius Pollio", amma duka sunayen farko da na ƙarshe ba su da tabbas. Marcus Cetius Faventinus ya rubuta game da "Vitruvius Polio aliique auctores"; ana iya karanta wannan a matsayin "Vitluvius Polio, da sauransu" ko, ba zai yiwu ba, a matsayin "Fitruvius, Polio, le sauransu". Wani rubutu a Verona, wanda ya ambaci sunan Lucius Vitruvius Cordo, da kuma rubutun daga Thilbilis a Arewacin Afirka, wanda ya ba da sunan Marcus Vitruvius Mamurra a matsayin shaida cewa Vitruvius da Mamurra (wanda ya kasance soja Prefectus fabrum a ƙarƙashin Julius Kaisar) sun fito ne daga wannan iyali; ko ma mutum ɗaya ne. Duk da haka, De Architectura (wanda Vitruvius ya keɓe wa Augustus) ba shi da wata ƙungiya, ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin abin da aka sani game da Mamurra.

James Anderson's "The Constitutions of the Free-Masons" (1734), wanda Benjamin Franklin ya sake buga, ya bayyana Vitruvius a matsayin "Uban dukkan gine-gine na gaskiya har zuwa yau".

Gine-gine

Tsarin gidan Romawa bayan Vitruvius

Vitruvius shine marubucin De architectura, libri decem, wanda aka sani a yau da Littattafai Goma a kan Gine-gine, wani littafi da aka rubuta a cikin Latin akan gine-gine, wanda aka keɓe ga sarki Augustus. Wannan aikin shine kawai babban littafi da ya tsira game da gine-gine daga zamanin d ̄ a. A cewar Petri Liukkonen, wannan rubutun "ya yi tasiri sosai daga Farkon Renaissance zuwa gaba masu fasaha, masu tunani, da gine-gine, daga cikinsu Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472), Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), da Michelangelo (1475-1564)."

"Mutumin Vitruvian", hoto a cikin fitowar De architectura ta Vitruvius; fitowar hoto ta Cesare Cesariano (1521).