Asihri

Asihri d anagraw adamsan d tedrimt i d-yebnan ɣef wayla uslig n wallalen n ufares d usenzi. Iswi amenzu n unagraw-a d anadi ɣef rrbeḥ d tebaɣurt. Deg unagraw n asihri, tisuda n udabu (ddula/awanek) ur d-keččment ara s waṭas deg ulzuz(ssuq/agadaz) neɣ deg temsal n tdamsa. Yal taɣawsa, d anagraw n usuter d wunefk (ayen yellan d wayen i d-ssuturen) i d-iḥekkmen deg watug-s d wazal-is.

Aẓar n Usihri

Aẓar n usihri yuɣ-d sseḥ seg tmura n Turuft deg taggara n tallit talemmast d tlalit taleslalit. Uqbel-is, llan medden ddren s ddaw unagraw n tfyudalit (féodalisme) anda akal yella gar yifassen n yigelliden d yimrabḍen, ma d imdanen iqeddcen fell-asen ttwaḥesben d ayla-nsen (aklan).

Mi d-yebda usenzi d tiɣin yettnerni, ladɣa gar tmura yembɛaden deg lqern wis 14 d wis 15, tban-d tseddart tamaynut n yimzenziyen. D imzenziyen-a i d-issersen lsas amenzu i usihri, imi bdan jemmɛen idrimen, snulfan-d ibankiwen imenza di Ṭelyan, uɣalen ssebbaḍen allalen n ubeddel n tedrimt.

Amezruy d Umhaz n Usihri

Asihri yɛedda-d ɣef waṭas n tseddarin deg umezruy-is, yal taseddart tewwi-d amhaz amaynut:

Asihri n Talzazt/Tamercantit (Lqern wis 16 ar wis 18): Ibedd ɣef usenzi ameqqran gar tmura d ujemmeɛ n ureɣ(ddheb) d lfeṭṭa. D lawan n yiminigen imeqqranen (am unekcum ɣer Temrikt d usenzi n yisulas) anda timura timeqqranin rrant lwelha-nsent ɣer usewseɛ n ulzuz-nsent(ssuq-nsent).
Asihri Amguran (Lqern wis 18 ar wis 19): S tegrawla tamguranit i d-yebdan di tmurt n Lengliz, asihri ibeddel udem. D asekcem n tmacinin, am tmacint n iraggen, i d-ixelqen tixxamin timeqqranin n ufares (luzinat). Tban-d tseddart tamaynut n yixeddamen i yettnuzun s yiɣallen-nsen s lexlaṣ ameẓyan, d tseddart n tburjwazit i yesɛan tabaɣurt.
Asihri Aẓerfani (Lqern wis 20): Asihri yuɣal ibedd ɣef yibankiwen d tneɣrufin(timudmawin) s wudem anmaḍal. Yennerna deg ugzu(tamiḍrant) n tkebbaniyin timeqqranin s yiḥricen-nsent i yesɛan aṭas n yimawlan (actionnaires).
Asihri Atrar / Tanyulyiberalit (Seg iseggasen n 1970 ar tura): D tamudemt i d-yewwin asmaḍel amatu. Anagraw-a yessazzel tiɣawsiwin, idrimen, d yimdanen deg umaḍal meṛṛa s war tilisa.

Tiktiwin d Tiẓriyin Tigejdanin

Asihri yebna ɣef kraḍ n tgejda tisnaktayin (itadyulujit) d tdamsiyin i tt-id-yessenṭqen :

1. Ayla Uslig

Deg usihri, allalen n ufares (tizɣiwin, tixxamin n ccɣel, akal, tmacinin) mačči n uwanek(ddula), maca n yimdanen neɣ n tkebbaniyin tusligin. Yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yekseb, ad yesnirem, yerna ad yessewseɛ ayla-s.

2. Timsizzelt d Ulzuz Ilelli

Timsizzelt gar tkebbaniyin d amussu agejdan i d-yettawin ɣer usnulfu d unqaṣ n watig(ssuma). Tiẓri-a tcudd ɣer ufiluzuf Adam Smith, bab n tekti n "Ufus uffir". Smith yenna-d d akken mi ara yettnadi yal amdan ɣef rrbeḥ-is uzzig, s wudem amzun d uffir, ad d-yawi lfayda i tmetti s timmad-is, acku ulzuz/agadez (ssuq) ad iseggem iman-is s yiman-is war ma ikeččem-d uwanek deg tdamsa.

Azɣan n Karl Marks

Ur nezmir ara ad d-nawi awal ɣef tiẓriyin n usihri mebla ma nebdar-d Karl Marks. Ɣer Marks, asihri d anagraw i yebnan ɣef wammud n yimɣiden. Yufa d akken imawlan n wallalen n ufares ttawin rrbeḥ-nsen seg "wazal amernu" (la plus-value) i d-yeffɣen seg tidi n yixeddamen i ur nettwaxelleṣ ara akken iwata. Ayagi, ɣer Marks, yettarra-d amennuɣ gar tserkam i d-yettawin ɣer tgrawla.

Ayen i d-iqqimen seg-s deg Umaḍal Atrar

Ass-a, asihri yenṭeḍ ɣer yakk tiɣemmar n umaḍal yerna tuɣal d anagraw adamsan amatu. Ayen i d-teǧǧa neɣ ayen i d-tewwi i tmetti tatrart yebḍa ɣef sin n wudmawen:

Udmawen ufriren :

Tewwi-d abeddel ameqqran deg teknulujit d usnulfu n tussniwin imi yal asurif yettqelleb ɣef unqaṣ n wakud d usegder n ufares.
Tesnulfa-d aṭas n tbuɣar (tabaɣurt) di tmura yellan zik d tigellilin.
Tesnerna deg tnezzut tagraɣlant i d-isrebḥen aṭas n tmura deg umaḍal.

Udmawen ibawiyen d wuguren :

Tinmegliyin(tirgaddiwin) : Asihri atrar yessimɣur lqedd gar imeṛkantiyen (imawlan n tebaɣurt) d yigellilen. Aṭas n yimdanen qqimen deg ddiq, ma d kra n tkebbaniyin uɣalent ɣlayit ugar n tmura s timmad-nsent.

Aluleɣ n twennaṭ d ugama : Anadi ɣef rrbeḥ s zreb yewwi-d asexṣar n twennaḍt d uheddu n ubaɣur agaman. Iswi n usihri d afares war tilisa, ayen i d-yeslalen timerna n lḥamu anezwan.
Tizeɣnin tidamsanin : Anagraw-a ur yerkid ara; yettawi-d deg yal tallit tawaɣit tadamsant (am tin n 1929 neɣ tin n 2008), i d-yettaǧǧan aṭas n yixeddamen di barra.

Ɣef waya, ass-a, tuget n tmura sqeddcent ayen umi neqqar "Tadamsa tamasayt" neɣ tadamsa tasuddist. Deg unagraw-a, ddula tkeččem-d akken ad tḥader ɣef yizerfan n yixeddamen, ad tessekcem isuḍaf, yerna ad tesḥibber ɣef yixeddamen s unagraw n tɣellist tamettant.