Nerva
Nerva neɣ Marcus Cocceius Nerva d yiwen seg yimenkaden imeqqranen n Tmenkda Taṛumanit. Yeṭṭef adabu gar iseggasen 96 d 98 S.Ɛ (Seld Ɛisa). Ɣas akken tanzagt n unbaḍ-is tella d tawezlant aṭas, tallit-is tella d tigejdit deg umezruy aṛumani. D netta i d amenzu deg n wayen umi neqqar "Semmus n Yimenkaden Igerrzen", wid i d-yewwin talwit, amnekni d tezmert i tmurt.
Tawuri Tazayezt Ddaw Imenkaden Izwaren
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Nerva yexdem ddaw kraḍ n yimenkaden uqbel ad yuɣal d amenkad s timmad-is:
Ddaw Neiru: Yella d ameddakel yerna d amsewsi n umenkad Niru. Deg tallit-a, yekcem ar ugraw n yimcewwṛen n umenkad.
Ddaw Vespasyan d Titus: Yekemmel tawuri-ines tasertant, yerna yettwafren d aqunṣul (amenzu n uwanek) deg useggas 71.
Ddaw Dumisyan: Yella d aqunṣul i tikkelt tis snat deg useggas 90, yerna yeqqim d aɛeggal n ugraw n yimcewwṛen n umenkad.
Deg yal tallit, Nerva yettwassen s leḥnana-ines, s tmusni-ines n usaḍuf(lqanun), yerna s tezmert-is n usefru d tira n yisefra.
Awway ar Ukursi n Tgelda
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Ass n 18 ctember 96, amenkad Dumisyan yettwenɣa s yifassen n yimcewwṛen-is d yemdanen i t-iqeṛṛben.
Aṭas n yiseggasen, Dumisyan yella yessenker tugdi d lḥif gar yimdanen n tmenkda, yerna yella yeḥkem s ufus n ṭṭrad.
Mmi yettwenɣa Dumisyan, Agraw n Usqamu n Sina yefren Nerva d amenkad amaynut.
Nerva yesɛa azal n 65 neɣ 66 n yiseggasen mi yettwafren, d netta i d amenkad amenzu i yettwafernen s ufus n Sina, mačči s ufus n yiserdasen.
Tasertit d Yisentalen n Wenbaḍ-is
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Nerva yebda anbaḍ-is s ubeddel n tsertit n Dumisyan. Gar wayen yexdem:
Taɣdemt d Tlelli
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Yegdel anɣi n yimcewwṛen; yenna-d belli ur yettwanɣ ara yiwen seg usqamu n Sina deg tallit n wenbaḍ-is.
Yessefsex akk izmaẓen(icaraɛen) n « tkerkas » i d-yessker Dumisyan.
Yessekcem-d akk imdanen i yettwanfan ɣer berra n tmnekda, yerna yerr-asen-d ayla-nsen.
Tadamsa d Tmetti
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Yesseɣli kra n tewsitin ɣef yegduden.
Yefka akal i yegduden igellilen.
Yessker-d anagraw n « alimenta »: d tallalt n yedrimen i yigerdan igellilen n Ṭelyan, akken ad sɛun ayen ara ččen yerna ad ɣren.
Yesseɣti tadamsa n tmnekda, yerna yessebded isuḍaf imaynuten i weḥrez n yedrimen n uwanek.
Lebni d Usseɣti
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Yebna ikufiyen di Ṛuma.
Yesseɣti iberdan d yisuka n waman. Yerna ikemmel kra n yisenfaren n lebni i d-yeǧǧa Dumisyan.
Uguren n Wenbaḍ
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Nerva, ɣas akken yella d amdan n leḥnana, iqubel uguren imeqqranen:
Iserdasen ur t-ḥemmlen ara: Taserdest (garde prétorienne) tella tḥemmel Dumisyan, yerna ur teqbil ara Nerva. Deg useggas 97, yiserdasen n tserdest ṭṭfen Nerva deg uxxam-is, suturen-as ad ten-yeǧǧ ad nɣen wid i yenɣan Dumisyan.
Ulac-as aɛeggal n twacult ara yuɣalen d amenkad: Nerva ur yesɛi ara arraw, yerna yella d amɣar. Ayagi yella d ugur ameqqran i tgelda.
Asmemmi n Trajan: Tigawt Tameqqrant
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Tigawt tameqqrant akk i yexdem Nerva deg wenbaḍ-is d asmemmi n Marcus Ulpius Traianus (Trajan) d mmi-s d amekkes-ines.
Deg tuber 97, Nerva yewwi Trajan ar wexxam n Yupiter di teqacuct n Kapitul, yenna-d zdat medden: « Ad yili lxiṛ i yiman-iw d uwanek, smemmeɣ Trajan ».
Trajan yella d aserdas ameqqran, yettwassen s tezmert-is, yerna yettwaḥemmel sɣur yiserdasen.
S tigawt-a, Nerva yefra ugur n uḍfar n wenbaḍ.
Yessebded tallit n « Yimenkaden Imellayen » (Nerva-Antonine dynasty). Yessken belli amenkad yezmer ad yettwaferen s tmusni d tezmert, mačči s idammen n twacult kan.
Tamettant
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Nerva yemmut ass n 27 yennayer 98 di Ṛuma, deg uxxam-is di « Urti n Salluste » (Gardens of Sallust). Yemmut seg waṭṭan n tawla i d-yekkan deffir n yiwen n « stroke » (tameɣlust n wallaɣ).
Anbaḍ-is yeddem kan 16 n wayyuren. Mmi yemmut, Trajan yuɣal d amenkad s talwit, mebla idammen, mebla tagrawla.
Nerva deffir tamettant-is, iɣes-is ttwameḍlan deg « Uẓekka n Augustus » di Ṛuma.
Azal-is deg Umezruy
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Nerva yettwaḥsab d amenzu seg « Semmus Yimenkaden Imellayen » (Five Good Emperors): Nerva, Trajan, Hadriyan, Antonin le Pieux, d Mark Urilus, ɣas akken anbaḍ-is yella d awezzlan, azal-is meqqer:
Yessuffeɣ tamnekda seg tallit n tagdi d lḥif n Dumisyan.
Yessebded ansay n usmemmir s tmusni (méritocratie) deg umkan n uḍfar s idammen u Yyeldi tawwurt i tallit n wureɣ n tmnekda taṛumanit. Yessken belli talemmast d leḥnana zemren ad sseɣtin ayen yerẓan.
Imezrayen am Tacitus d Pline le Jeune nnan-d belli Nerva yella d amdan n leḥnana, n tmusni, yerna n teɣdemt, maca yella daɣen d amdan ur nesɛi ara tazmert tameqqrant n uḥakem imi yella d amɣar yerna ur yesɛi ara tiserdas i t-iḥemmlen.
