097.èżœæŒă»ç«è±é
ć·šæćąă€ă6æ23æ„ăăç„ăźć·šäșșăæ»ć»ăăšç«è±éæ°ăźèšć ±ăć ±ăăăăŸăăă2021ćčŽ4æ30æ„æ„æ§ć çćçŸ€ă§æ»ć»ă80æłă§ăăă
ăç«è±éăăŻăç§ă«ăšăŁăŠăŻè„ăæ„ăźæ§ăăźäșșç©ă§ăăăźäžăçăăŠăăăăăźæ°Žć æĄć äșșăźăăăȘäșșă§ăăă
èŹčăă§ăć„çŠăăç„ăçłăäžăăŸă
ăćźćźăăăźćž°éă
ç«è±éăźèæžă§ăç§ăćăăŠèȘăă ăźăŻăćźćźăăăźćž°éăă§ăăă1982ćčŽă«æ°ćă§ć°±è·ăăäŒç€Ÿă§ăç§ăŻç€Ÿé·ćź€ç§æžèȘČă«é ć±ăăăæ„ă æ„ćźąă«ăè¶ăăćșăăăăšăăè·ćăæ ăŁăŠăăŸăăă
1983ćčŽæ°æ„ăăăźæ„ăźæ„ćźąăŻăăŸă ç”ć¶éŁă«ăȘăćăźïŒäžć€źć Źè«æ°ç€Ÿă§ăŻăȘăïŒăäžć€źć Źè«ç€Ÿăăźç€Ÿé·ă§ăăăć·ăäžăăŁăă°ăăăźæ°ćæžăæ°ćăæćçŁă«ăæăĄăȘăă瀟é·ăšăă°ăæè«ăăăŠăćž°ăă«ăȘăăŸăăă
éćžžăŻăăźăăăȘćŻèŽæŹăăăă ăăšç§æžèȘČăźæŹæŁă«äžŠăčăŠăăăźă§ăăăéăć°çăèæŻă«çœăćźćźæăçăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăäœæ„ăăăŠăăèĄšçŽăèŠăŠăæžćșă§ăŻæă«ćăăȘăăŁăăăăăăȘăăăźæŹăăèȘăă§ăżăăăšæăăŸăăăæžæŁă«éŁŸăŁăŠăăăŠăèȘ°ăèȘăŸăȘăăźăŻăăăŁăŠăăăźă§äžćžă«æăŁăŠăăźæŹăæăŁăŠćž°ăăŸăăă
ç§ăŻä»ă§ăăăăźæ„ăćž°ăăźé»è»ć
ă§æŽ»ćăèŒăć§ăăăăšăèŠăăŠăăŸăă
ăćźăăăăšăäžäșșăźè©©äșșăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ă«æĄçšăăăȘăăŁăăăè©©äșșă«ăȘăŁăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăŻăăăç»ćź¶ăŻćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ă«ăȘăăȘăăŁăăăç»ćź¶ă«ăȘăŁăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăŻăăăćźæćź¶ă»ææłćź¶ă«ăȘăŁăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăăăă°ăæżæČ»ćź¶ă«ăȘăŁăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăăăăćčłćéšéă«ć „ăŁăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăăăă°ăç°ćąćéĄă«ćăç”ăżăŻăăăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăăăă
 ăă·ă„ăŻă€ă«ăŒăăźăăšă°ăćăăă°ă ăćźćźäœéšăăăăšăćăšćăäșșéă§ăŻăăăăȘăă ăźă§ăăăïŒäžç„ïŒ
ăćźćźäœéšăźć çă€ăłăăŻăăŻăäœäșșăăźćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăźäșșçăæ čćșăăć€ăăŠăăŸăă»ă©ć€§ăăȘăăźăăăŁăăćźćźäœéšăźă©ăăăăȘăăăăă»ă©ć€§ăăȘă€ăłăăŻăăäžăăăźăăćźćźäœéšăŻäșșéăźæèăă©ăć€ăăăźăă
ăăăăźăšăăăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăăĄăăçŽæ„èăăŠăżăăăšăäžäčć «äžćčŽăźć «æăăäčæă«ăăăŠăąăĄăȘă«ćć°ăăŸăăăăăŸăăŸăźç掻ăéăŁăŠăăć ćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăăĄćäșäșșă«ćæăăŠăăç”æăăŸăšăăăźăăăźăŹăăŒăă§ăăă
ç«è±éèăćźćźăăăźćž°éăäžć€źć Źè«ç€ŸïŒ1983ïŒ
äșșéĄćČäžć°çç°ćąăźć€ă«ăŻăăăŠćșăăšăăäœéšăăăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăăăă©ăă»ă©æèæ§é ă«æ·±ăć çèĄæăćăăăźăă«ă€ăăŠæžăăăæŹæžăŻăăăŸăăźăăăăăă«æćéăæŽ»ćăăçźăéąăăȘăăŠăèȘćź ăźăăé§ ă«ă€ăăŠăăăŸăă§æŒ«ç»ă«ćșăŠăăăŹăȘćăăăźăăă«ăæŹă䞥æă§æăŁăŠăèȘăżăȘăăèȘćź ăŸă§æ©ăăŠćž°ăŁăăăšăăăèŠăăŠăăŸăă
ćž°ćź ăăŠăăăăăéąšćă«ć „ăæéăæăăă§èȘăżç¶ăăŸăăăć°çăçćœăćźćźăç„ăšăźéé ăç”éšăäŒéè ă«ăȘăŁăăăESPç ç©¶æăèšç«ăăăăăă©ăčăăŁăăŻăȘćźæçăȘçźèŠăăăăćźćźéŁèĄćŁ«ăŻăăĄăăăăăźăźèŠæčăć€ăăŁăŠæżæČ»ćź¶ă«ăȘăŁăăăăăžăăčçăžè»ąèș«ăăŠăăèłé«ăźććšăă«ă€ăăŠèȘăäșșă ăźè©±ăăăăŒăăăă«èȘăżç¶ăăŸăăă
äžäœăăăźæŹăźèè ăŻă©ăăȘäșșç©ăȘăźă ăăăăšæăăŸăăă
ăç°äžè§æ ç ç©¶ă
1974ćčŽ10æ9æ„çșćŁČăæèæ„ç§ă11æçčć„ć·ă«ăç«è±éăźăç°äžè§æ ç ç©¶ăăăźéèăšäșșèăăæČèŒăăăććčŽ11æ26æ„ă«ç°äžè§æ éŠçžăèŸä»»ăèĄšæăäžéă性éšăă«ăȘăŁăŠăăé ăç§ăŻäžćŠ3ćčŽçă§ăăăééŁăźćæ„ăăć§ăŸăŁăNHKăă©ăăé»èČăæ¶ăă«æ§ăăæ±ăăŠăăăă©ăłăčăă¶ăăźć„łćäžćŠçă§ăăïŒ089.ăă©ăăé»èČăæ¶ăïŒă
1976ćčŽ2æăăąăĄăȘă«è°äŒäžéąă§èĄăăăć ŹèŽäŒă«ăăăŠçșèŠăăăăăăŒăäșä»¶ă«ăăŁăŠæ„æŹäžă性éšăă«ăȘăăććčŽ7æ27æ„ă«ć ç·ç性èŁç°äžè§æ ăćèšćèłăšć€ćœçșæżćăłć€ćœèČżæçźĄçæłéćăźçăă§éźæăăăæăç§ăŻé«æ ĄäžćčŽçă§ăăăäžćäžäčăè©ćæć€Șéăźè©©ăæă«ăă©ăłăčă«æ§ăïŒ025.ăąăłă”ăłăăă·ă§ă«ïŒăăă„ăŒăžăăŻă©ă€ăăçæă«ăŻă€ăŒăłăźăăŹăăŁă»ăăŒăă„ăȘăŒăèżœăŁăăăŠăă愳ć髿 Ąçă§ăăïŒ051.è»æăšăŠăŒăăłïŒă
1979ćčŽăæŠéæ©ăźèŒžć „ăć·Ąăæ±è·äșä»¶ăăă°ă©ăčă»ă°ă©ăăłäșä»¶ă«éąăăćœäŒă«èšŒäșșććăăă蚌äșșăźăČăšăăæ„ććČ©äșăźćŻç€Ÿé·ăźæ”·éšć «éæ°ăăæăéăăŠăăŸăŁăŠćźŁèȘæžă«çœČćă§ăăȘăæ§ćăăăŹăă§èŠăŠăăăźăŻć€§ćŠçăźé ă§ăăăç§ăŻéèȘăJJăçæă«ăȘăăĄăăŁăŠăă„ăŒăă©ăăĄăă·ă§ăłă§ăăăă€ăăźăąă«ăă€ăăăăăăĄăăȘăăăæ„ă èŻăćăăèŻăćŠăłăèŻăéăă§ăă愳ććŠçă§ăăïŒ063.JJăšăăȘăăŻăȘăïŒă
æżèČĄçăæșăăă性ăčăăŁăłăă«ă«ăȘăŁăăăăăŒăäșä»¶ăŻăç§ă髿 Ąçăźé ăăéŁæ„ć ±éăăăŠăăŠăăèšæ¶ă«ăăăăŸăăăăăăŒăăăăăăŒă·ăŒășăăăă«P3CăȘă©ăšăăæ”èĄèȘăŻæŻæ„ăźăăă«èŠèăăăŠăăŸăăăăăăŸăă«äșä»¶ă性ăéăăŠăç§ă«ăŻć šäœćăăăăăŸăăă§ăăă
ăćźćźăăăźćž°éăăèȘăżç”ăăŁăŠăăăŸăăźçŽ æŽăăăă«æŸćżç¶æ ă ăŁăç§ăŻăèè ăźçŽč仿ŹăèȘăżăç«è±éăšăăäșșç©ăæ±ć€§ä»æç§ăćșăäșșç©ă§ăăăšç„ăăăă©ăłăčæćŠç§ăȘăźăăšćæă«èŠȘèżæăæ±ăăăăă§ăŻä»ăźèæžăèȘăă§ăżăăăšæăăæć§ăă«æąă«æćș«æŹă«ăȘăŁăŠăăăç°äžè§æ ç ç©¶ć šèšéČïŒäžă»äžïŒăăèȘăăăšă«ăăŸăăă
ăăŸăăăăăèȘăăšăăăȘăăăă€ăŠăäžäșșăźć„łăźćă«ăćæăźă©ăă»ăŹăżăŒăæžăăăăšăăăŁăăăšăăăŸăăăăăźæç§ăźèłèŁăăăăŁăăźăŻăäžćŠçăźé ăăæèȘăăŠăăè„ć·èłăćèłăăćșćžè«ăźă蔀ăăăăĄăăæ°ăă€ăăŠăăźç¶ç·šăçœéł„ăźæăȘăăèăăăȘăăăźäž»äșșć Źè«ăăăšăćäșșăźć°æăšăźéă§äș€ăăăăäŒè©±ă§ăăă
ăăŒăăŻăćœŒăéšć±ă«ć „ăŁăŠă€ăŁç«ăŁăăŸăŸăȘă«ăăăăčăćșăăăšăăăźăăăăăăăăă«ăăŠăăŁăĄăă話ăćșăăïŒäœæ ăŁăŠăăăŁăăæŸăŁăŠăăăŠăć°æăă€ăăć°èȘŹéąšăă«ăăèȘżćă«ăăăčăŁăŠăăČăŁăăżăă€ăăȘăăăăȘăăšă«ăȘăŁăŠăŻć€§ăăšă ăăă ïŒă
 ăăăŸăăäŸżçźă«äșçŸæăă©ăăŹăżăŒæžăăăŁăŠă»ăăšăăïŒă
 ăăăŁïŒăăšćŁăăăăŠăćœŒăŻèŒăăȘăŁăăăèȘ°ă«ăăăăă ăă
 ă怩ç¶Čæąă ăŁăŠăăăă€ă ăăäžćŠăźæăźćéăăăæ„æŻè°·ăźăă«ăȘăăŒăăŒă«ă€ăăŠăăăčăŁăăă ăăăĄăăăăŸăă ăšæ°ă„ăăăźăŻăăă ăă ăăă ăâŠâŠăă ăăŸăă©ăă§ăăăăă©ăăăăšăăŒăăŻăăŸăćłæă ăŁăăźă§ăăăŁăĄăŸă§ć°ăăăăŠăŠèšăŁăă ăă”ăăăăć°æăŻăă€ăăźăăă«ćšćąăăăăăă«ăČăŁăăèżăăă«ăă·ă§ăăłăšăăăă«è °ăăăăăă ăäșçŸæăăăȘăçŸæă ăă©ăȘăăăšăćœŒăŻăăœăăœèšăŁăăăăăŠăăăăăăĄăăŁăšäžăćăăŠèăăăă§ăăăŒăă«ăăăŠăăăăăăă§ăăăŸăăŻă©ăæăŁăïŒă
 ăăăă”ă€ăăźè©±ăšăăŠăŻăăăăæćçăȘăă話ă ăšæăŁăăăăăšăăŒăăŻăăŁăăăšèšèăéžăłăȘăăèšăŁăăăăă ăăăźćŒ”æŹäșșăăăŸăăšăȘăăšăăă
 ăăŻăŻăăăăšèšăŁăŠć°æăŻăă°ăăèăăăżăăăăŠăăăăéăă«æăćșăăăă«ăăăčăćșăăăăäșćčŽă»ă©ćă ăăă ăă©ăăăăăăăăæă§ă性ć€ăźäŸżçźă«ćæăææăæžăăăă€ăăăăă ăăă ăăăăăŠăăă€ăŻăăăăă±ăŒăăźçź±ăżăăă«ć èŁ ăăŠăçć€ăźăăȘăąăŸăăŻæ¶éČèȘćè»ăźăăăȘç蔀ăȘç蔀ăȘăȘăăłăăăăŠéăŁăăă ăăă ăăăăăăăźçžæăźćšăŻăăăăĄăăăăăçŸäșșă ăŁăăăă ăăă©ăăłăŁăăăăŠć€§ăăăŠă§ćœŒăšç”ć©ăăăăă ăă
 ăăžăăă ăăšăăă§ăăźç·ăŻăăćéă«ăă話ăăăă ăăă ăă€ăŸăćœŒăźèšçźă«ăăăšăăăźćœŒăźææăćçšżçšçŽă«æçźăăăšäœçŸæăšăäœćæăšăă«ăȘăŁăŠăăĄăăă©ăăăĄăŠăčăăăšćăă ăŁăŠăăăă ăȘăă©ăæăïŒă
ćșćžè«èăăçœéł„ăźæăȘăăèăăăȘăăäžć Źæćș«ïŒ1973ïŒ
ćșćžè«ăŻ1937ćčŽ4æçăŸăăç«è±éăŻ1940ćčŽ5æçăŸăă§ăćșćžè«ăŻ1957ćčŽă«æ±ć€§æç§äșéĄăžăç«è±éăŻ1959ćčŽă«ćăăæ±ć€§æç§äșéĄă«ć „ćŠăăŠăăăźă§ăăăăăăăć°èȘŹă«ćșăŠăăéćčŽăźăąăă«ăŻç«è±éă§ăŻăȘăăăšæăŁăăźă§ăăćæăăźă©ăăŹăżăŒăæžăéćčŽăăăäœäșșăăăăšăŻæăăŸăăă§ăăă
ăăšăźçćœăŻä»ăäžæăźăŸăŸă§ăăăăăŸăăăăă«ăăă°ăç«è±éăźææăŻæć°±ăăăăçžæăźæ°æăĄăăăăŁă±ăăăć€ăăăăšăŻă§ăăȘăăŁăăăăăç§ăŻèȘćăźăăźăæžăèœćă«ćŻŸăăŠăćźć šă«èȘ俥ăćȘ怱ăăăŠăăŸăăăă§ă«ăăźæžăćź¶æ„ăăŻăăăŠăăç§ăŻăă©ăă»ăŹăżăŒăæžăç¶ăăăźăăăăăšăšăă«ăăăźæžăćź¶æ„ăăăăăăšă«ăăăç§ăźç”æŽăźäžă«ă1971ćčŽăă72ćčŽă«ăăăŠæ°ćźżă§ăăŒăç”ć¶ăăšăăćŠăȘäžé ăăăăźăŻăăăźæăźăăšă§ăăăăšăăæç« ăèȘăă§ăăç°äžè§æ ç ç©¶ć šèšéČăăŻăăŁăšăăăăăăšæăăŸăăă
ćźéă«èȘăżć§ăăŠăżăăšăăăăŸă§äžćŠă»é«æ Ąă»ć€§ćŠæä»Łă«ăŒăăăăšèŠèăăăŠăăăăšăăéąéŁă„ăăăăæćłăç«ăĄäžăăăçè§Łă§ăăăăă«ăȘăăšäżç¶èćłăæč§ăăŸăăăăăăăăăŸăă«ăèšć€§ăȘæ ć ±éăźăăăé ăźäžă§æŽçăăăźăŻéŁăăæćăŻăăŒăăźç«Żă«ăĄăąæžăăăŠăăŸăăăăæŹĄçŹŹă«ăăă§ăŻæžăŸăȘăăȘăŁăŠăăŸăăă
ăăă§ăçžéąćłăćčŽèĄšăæžăăăšă«ăăŸăăăç«è±éèȘèș«ăæŹæžăźäžă§ăăăŸăăŸćčŽèĄšăæžăăăăšăăæ°èçŽć€§ăźäșșèă»éèéąäżçžéąćłăæžăăăšèż°ăčăŠăăăźă§ăăăźăąăăăŒăăŻçéăȘăźăăăăăŸăăăăăźæŹăèȘăă§ăç§ăźèș«ă«ă€ăăçżæ ŁăźăČăšă€ăŻăäœăăèȘżăčăæă性æČłć°èȘŹăèȘăăšăă«ăŻçžéąćłăšćčŽèĄšăæžăăăă«ăȘăŁăăăšă§ăăăăźçżæ ŁăŻćœčç«ăĄăŸăăă
ăŸăèȘżăčç©ăăăéăèšć€§ăȘèłæăèȘăăšăă«ăŻăăèȘăăăăšăăă«ăçșăăăȘăăăăăŁăăăšăăŒăžăăăăŁăŠăăăšăèȘćăźç„ăăăăăšăćæă«ćăăăăéŁăłèŸŒăă§ăăăšăăć©èšăăăšăŠăćœčă«ç«ăĄăŸăăăă€ăłăżăŒăăăæä»ŁăăăŁăŠăăăŸă§ăæ€çŽąăšăŻăăźçźă§èĄăăăźă§ăăă
ăăă«èłæă«ćčŽïŒè„żæŠă§ăćčŽć·ă§ăïŒăæžăć „ăăăăšăŻć€§ćă§ăăăšăăăąăăă€ăčă性ăă«ćœčç«ăĄăŸăăăăăźé ăŻè„ăăŠăăźæćłăăăăăăăŸăăă§ăăăăćźéă«é·ăäșșçăçăăăšăćčŽăæžăć „ăăŠăăăăšăăăă«ćœčç«ă€ăăćźæăăăăšă«ăȘăăŸăă
ăăăăȘăăšăăŁăŠăăăźæŹăèȘăă§äžçȘć°è±Ąă«æźăŁăăźăŻăæš©ćăšéăăšăăăăšăźćżæ§ăăšăăăæ°æŠăšăăăăćœăăăăŠăăăȘăăă°ăăźăăăȘćæăçșèĄšăŻă§ăăȘăăźă ăšăăăăšăç„ăŁăăăšă§ăăă
ăïŒŁïŒ©ïŒĄăŻăæ„æ§ćżäžć šăźèȘç¶æ»ă«èŠăăăăŠäșșăæźșăæèĄăæăĄăçŸă«ăăăćźè·”ăăŠăăăïŒäžç„ïŒ
ăæ„æ§ćżäžć šă«ăăăèȘç¶æ»ăăšăăăźăŻăïŒŁïŒ©ïŒĄă§ăŻăæăăăă„ă©ăŒă«çšăăăăŠăăæźșćźłæčæłăȘăźă§ăăă
 ăăă€ăŠèĄéąăźçćŒŸç·ăšăăŠç„ăăăæšȘè·ŻçŻéăźæ»ăăăăăăæŻç©ă«ăăèŹæźșă ăŁăăźă§ăŻăȘăăăšçăăăŠăăăæšȘè·Żăźććă§ăăăăšăă«çŹŹäžæŹĄïŒŠïŒžćéĄăă€ăłăăă·ăąèł ćæ±è·ćéĄăźèżœćă«ăăĄăć çăăăăłăăłè èż«ăăăç”éšăæă€ä»æŸćăŻăăæžăăŠăăă
ăăăæšȘè·ŻăŻăæćććäșćčŽć æăè°ćĄćźżèă§æ„éăăăăç§ă«ăŻăă©ăă«ăè ă«èœăĄăŹăăźăæźăŁăŠăăă
ăă ăç§ăšćœŒăŻç„äșșăć ±éă§ă柎ćžăȘă©ăäžç·ăźć Žćăć€ăăŁăăăăăăăăæ„çȘç¶ăäșäșșăšăèĄć§ăçŸäčćă«äžăăŁăăăšăăăŁăăæ æ”ć»ć€§ă»ć€éć ç§éšé·ă«ćżæżæ§æć€ćçžźăšèšșæăăăäžă”æç”¶ćŻŸćźéăźćœä»€ăćźăăă°ăȘăăȘăăŁăăïŒăçŸä»Łă51ă»ïŒć·ăæ±è·ă»ççă»é°èŹă»èŹæźșăïŒ
 ă仿ŸăŻèȘćź ă§éé€ăăŠăăšăȘăăăăăăè°ćĄćźżèă§äžäșșäœăŸăă ăŁăæšȘè·ŻăŻăç”¶ćŻŸćźéăźç掻ăă§ăăăăăźăŸăŸæ»ăă§ăăŸăŁăă仿ŸăŻăăç¶ăăŠăăă
 ăćœæăæšȘè·ŻăŻăăăŠćăźïŒŠïŒžçŹŹäșæŠă«ćăăŠăç±ćżă«ććŒ·ăăŠăăăç§ăŻăăăŸă§ăćœŒăźæ»ăŻèŹæźșă ăšäżĄăăŠăăă
 ăăăă§ăăăăæ„çȘç¶ăäșäșșăšăăăšæžăăăŠăăăźăŻăćźăŻăïŒŁïŒ©ïŒĄăšăźæ„çčăăăŁăŠăăăăăăȘăăăäșșç©ăźćźŽćžă«æăăăæ„ăźăăšăăăăŠăăă
 ăăăăă話ăç„ăŁăŠăăăćźăăăă°ăç§ăćæçăăæ„æ§ćżäžć šăăźćœ±ă«ăăłăăȘăăä»äșăç¶ăăŠăăăæłćăăăăŸăăăăă°ăăæ„æ§ćżäžć šăă«ăăłăăŠăăäșșăŻăäșä»¶éąäżè ăźäžă«ăăăăăă§ăăă
 ăèšè ăźéă§ăăăăăă°ăȘă»ăȘăłćäșșç·ăăšćŒă°ăăŠăăäșșă ăăăăć°äœéèłąæČ»ăă·ă°ă»çć±±ă性äč äżć©æ„ăææżćșé«ćźăźćäșșă§ăăă
 ăăăăăă
 ăćżèăæȘăăźă§âŠâŠă
 ăăšăăăȘăăăæäžăźăăăă°ăȘă»ăȘăłăăšăă©ăăȘăăŠăăăšăăăăăăă°ăȘă»ăȘăłăŻćżäžć šăźçčćčèŹăȘăźă§ăăă
 ăăăźćäșșăăăăăăăăăăŸăă«ç§ćŻăç„ăăăăŠăăŸăŁăăăă«ăăă€ïŒŁïŒ©ïŒĄăăäžæăăăăăăăăăȘăăšăăææă§ăăăăă°ăȘă»ăȘăłăăăăŁăĄă ăăȘăăŠăăăźă§ăŻăȘăă ăăăă
 ăăăźćäșșăźăăĄăææżćșé«ćźă ăăŻăćźăăăăšăăăŸăŻăăăă°ăȘă»ăȘăłăăȘăăŠăăȘăă
 ăćœŒăŻăă©ă€ăčăżăŒćéĄăźă«ăźăă«ăăäșșç©ăźäžäșșă ăŁăăźă ăăăă©ă€ăčăżăŒćéĄăăČăç¶ăăŠăăéă ăăăćżèăæȘăăŠăăăăă°ăȘă»ăȘăłăăȘăăŠăăăăăźćéĄăçă„ăăă±ăăȘăšćżèăăăăȘăăăăăă°ăȘă»ăȘăłăæă«ăăȘăăȘăŁăăšăăㄿȘăȘç æŽăæăŁăŠăăă
ç«è±éèăç°äžè§æ ç ç©¶ć šèšéČïŒäžïŒăăèŹè«ç€Ÿæćș«ïŒ1982ïŒ
æćăźć€ȘćăŻćæă§ăŻćçčăćŸăźć€ȘćăŻćŒçšè ă«ăăăăź
ä»ćăźèšć ±ă«æ„ăă6æ23æ„ăç°ćç·äžææ°ăăæŻæ„æ°èăźćæă«çăăŠæŹĄăźăăă«èż°ăčăŠăăăăŸăă
ăç«è±ăăăŻæ„æŹăźăżăăŒă«ćă蟌ăă ăăăææźșăăăăźă§ăŻăȘăăăšæăŁăŠăăăăăăăăćœăæžăăăăæžăăăźă ăšæăăăăźćæ°ăŻèŠäșă ăŁăăéæš©æżæČ»ăç”¶ă€ăăăźéžæć¶ćșŠăæżć 㩿éăźć¶ćșŠæčé©ă«ăă€ăȘăăŁăă
æŻæ„æ°èăă„ăŒăčăăäžéšæçČhttps://mainichi.jp/articles/20210623/k00/00m/040/361000c
ç§ăăç°äžè§æ ç ç©¶ć šèšéČăăźäžäžäșć·»ăźæćș«æŹăèȘăă§ăă1983ćčŽăŻăăăăăŒăäșä»¶ăźäžćŻ©ăć€§è©°ăăèżăăŠăăŸăăăç§ăŻăăźæŹăèȘăă§ăăăăäșä»¶ăźć šäœćăçè§Łăăăšăăă§ăææ„æ°è瀟ăăćșăŠăăăăăăăŒăèŁć€ćèŽèšăăăç°äžè§æ ăăŸă éæăăăăèȘăżăæŹĄăă§ăææ„ăžăŁăŒăă«ăă«éŁèŒäžăźăăăăăŒăèŁć€ćèŽèšăăèȘăżç¶ăă§çŸä»Łă«èżœăă€ăăăšăăă§ă10æ12æ„ăæ±äșŹć°æčèŁć€æăźçŹŹäžćݩ〿±șć Źć€ă§ç°äžè§æ ă«ćŻŸăæČćœč4ćčŽăèżœćŸŽé5ććăźćźć〿±șăèšăæžĄăăăŸăăă
ç§ăŻăăźăă„ăŒăčăăè·ć Žăźăăăźç§æžèȘČăźæŹæŁăźćă«ç«ăŁăŠçźăźćăźăăŹăç»éąă§èŠăŠăăŸăăăăȘăæČćœč5ćčŽă§ăŻăȘă4ćčŽăȘăźăăšæăă€ă€ăăäžćœăźç·ç性èŁăăăłăźćă§ééŁă«èżœă蟌ăżăăăă«ćźć〿±șăèšăæžĄăăăăšăăäșćźă«èș«ăćŒăç· ăŸăăăăȘæăă§ăăă
ăæ„æŹç”æžă»èȘćŁăźæ§é ă
ç§ăŻăăăłăšç„ćă§æš©ćă«ç«ăĄćăăç«è±éă«ćżé ăăæćș«ćăăăŠăăæŹăăé ă«ăæă«ć „ăæŹăçăŁç«ŻăăèȘăżæŒăăŸăăăăæ„æŹć ±çŁć ăźç ç©¶ïŒäžă»äžïŒăăäžæ ž vs é©ăă«ïŒäžă»äžïŒăăèŸČćăăăąăĄăȘă«æ§é©ćœć ±ćăăææăźéèȘŹ ć±æ©ăźæä»Łăźäșșéç ç©¶ăăăžăŁăŒăăȘășă ăèăăæ ăăæèăźæèĄăăăç„ăăźăœăăăŠă§ăąăăšæŹĄă ă«èȘăă§ăăăŸăăă
ăăăăŠæŹăźéĄćăæžăă ăă§ăăăźé ăźç©șæ°ăèăŁăŠăăŸăăă©ăźæŹăç„çć„œć„ćżăæ»ăç«ăŠăăăŸăăăæŹĄăźăăŒăžăăăăæăæąăŸăăŸăăă§ăăăçžéąćłăæžăăćčŽèĄšăäœăăȘăă怹äžă§èȘăżăŸăăăăæ„æŹć ±çŁć ăźç ç©¶ăăŻçčă«ćäœă§ăăăæ„ă ăć ćźăăçăăææŹČăæč§ăăŠăăăăă§ăăă
ăăźé ăäŒç€Ÿă«ćźæçă«ç”æžèȘăȘă©ăć±ăăŠăăăăă«ăźć°äžăźæŹć±ăăăšăŻăšăŠăææă«ăăŠăăŠăăä»é±ć·ăźăăźéèȘăç«è±ćșăŠăăïŒăăšăăăç§ăźăăă«é±ćèȘăæ°ćæžăæăŁăŠăăŠăăăăăźă§ăăăæăŁăŠăăŠăăăŁăæŹăŻăăĄăăăăčăŠèłŒć „ăăŸăăăăć é±ăźăăčăŽăăŁăăăïŒăăȘă©ăšç«è±éăźć°ăăȘăăĄăłăŻă©ăăäœăŁăŠćżæŽăăŠăăăăăȘæ°ćă§ăăă
1983ćčŽăç§ăŻ23ă4æłă§ăäž»ăȘä»äșăŻăè¶æ±Čăżăšç°çżăźçä»ăă§ăăăăăæŹăèȘăæéăŻăăăă§ăăăăŸăăăæŹăèȘăżăȘăăäžäœć šäœèȘćăŻăăăȘăšăăă§äœăăăŠăăăźăăšăæĄăăăăæłăéăăăăăȘæ„ă ăéăŁăŠăăŸăăă
æă«ć „ăæŹăŻăăăăèȘăżç”ăăăăăłăăŁăŻă·ă§ăłăźăăăăăă«æčăăăŠăăć€§ćź ćŁźäžăăłăăŁăŻă·ă§ăłèłăćèłäœćăéć»ă«éĄăŁăŠèȘăă ăăăŠăăŸăăăăăăæăăăŻăç«è±éăźæŹăăăčăŠèȘăżăăăšăèć „éŸä»ć矩ă§1973ćčŽă«æžăăăšăăăæ„æŹç”æžă»èȘćŁăźæ§é ăæ„æŹćźæ„ćșç瀟ăăȘăăšăăăŠèȘăăăšăŻă§ăăȘăă ăăăăšèăăŸăăă
ç„äżçșăźć€æžćșăæ©ăăšăăŁăŠăçșèĄéšæ°ăć€ăăšăæăăȘăæŹăèŠă€ăćșăăźăŻćźčæă§ăŻăȘăă ăăăȘă©ăšæăŁăŠăăæăćœäŒćłæžé€šă§ăłăăŒăăăăŠăăăă°èŻăăšæăă€ăăŸăăăä»ăŻă©ăăăă«ăŒă«ăăăăăŸăăăăćœæăćœäŒćłæžé€šă«é»è©±ăăŠèăăăšăăăèè ăźæżè«Ÿăăăă°ć šéšăłăăŒăćăăăŠăăăăăšăźăăšă§ăăăçčă«æžéąă§ăȘăăŠăé»è©±ă§ăźæżè«Ÿă§èŻăăšăźăăšă§ăăă
æŹćœăźăăšăèšăă°ăăæŹäșșăźæżè«ŸæžăăȘăăšăăĄă§ăăăăšèšăŁăŠăăăăăăăăćŁćźă«ç«è±éă«äŒăă«èĄăăăăăăăȘăăźă«ăšć°ăæźćż”ă«æăăȘăăăăç«è±ćź¶ă«é»è©±ăăăŸăăă
ăăźé ăŻăäœćź¶ăźèȘćź ăźäœæăé»è©±çȘć·ăŻăć°ăæąăă°ç°Ąćă«ăăăæä»Łă§ăăăăăăšć„łăźäșșăćșăŠăăłăăŒïŒăăăă§ăăăă©ăăăăšèšăŁăŠăăăŸăăăăăă§ăăć„„ăăăšă話ăăăĄăăŁăăăšæăă ăă§çŹéĄăæăăăăȘăă»ă©ă§ăăă
çăŸăăŠćăăŠćœäŒćłæžé€šăšăăăšăăăžèĄăăè·ç©ăŻăăčăŠăăă«ăŒă«é ăăć°ăăăăăăăȘăăăæ„æŹç”æžă»èȘćŁăźæ§é ăăæžćș«ăăćșăăŠăăŠăăăŁăŠæă«ćăăăăăŠæŹăäžžăăšäžćăłăăŒăăăŠăăăăŸăăăæŹăèłŒć „ăăăăé«ăăłăăŒä»Łă§ăăă
ăłăăŒăćăăȘăăăăèȘćăźäșșçăæ©ăă«ăŻă©ăăăăăăăźăăăèȘćăăăäșșçăšăŻäœăăăšăăă°ăăèăăŠăăăăšăăă€ăæšæ„ăźăăšăźăăă«æăćșăăŸăăç§ăŻç°äžè§æ ăèȘăă§ăăć ±çŁć ăèȘăă§ăăæżæČ»éćă«ăŻăŸăŁăăéąćżăćăăăç«è±éăèȘăăšăăăăăăźäșșçăă©ăçăăŠăăă°ăăăźăăăšăăèȘČéĄă«ă°ăăçźăćăăŸăăă
ăăăŠç§ăŻăăă©ăłăčăžèĄăăăšæ±șćżăăăźă§ăăă
ăè«é§ăăšăèłæ»ă
1986ćčŽă«ćž°ćœăăŠćć°±è·æŽ»ćăăăȘăăä»ćșŠăŻăè«é§IăIIăIIIăăăăŠăèłæ»ăăèȘăżăŸăăă
ăè«é§ăăŻăïŒäžćŻ©ćŸă«è”·ăăïŒăăăăăŒăèŁć€æčć€ăæŹăăăšăăćŻéĄăă€ăăŠăăŸăăăæŹĄăăæŹĄă«ćșăŠăăăèż·ăè«è ă«ăŻé©ăćăăŸăăăèšè«çăćșççăæłæčçă«ćŻŸăăèŠæčăć€ăăăŸăăă
æçœȘ〿±șćŸăăç°äžè§æ ăŻăéć°è»ăăšăăŠæżçă«ç”¶ć€§ăȘæš©ćăæăĄç·ç性èŁăĄăŒă«ăŒăšăăŠćèšăăŠăăŸăăăă1985ćčŽă«èłæąćĄă§ćăăæä»ŁăŻć”æżäŒăç”æăăćŸă«ç”äžäŒăç«ăĄäžăăç«čäžç»ăžăšäžæ°ă«ćăăŠăăăŸăăă
ăäžäżæš©ćăäžäżæš©ćă«ăČăäŒăäșșăăćăăćă«ăŻäŸźèăźćŻŸè±Ąă§ăăăăăŸăăă§ăăăćăŻăăăăæćłă§ăæżæČ»ă«ăăăăäșșéăšăŻăæ čæŹçă«äŸĄć€èŠłăźăĄăăăšăăă§çăăŠăăŸăăăăăăȘćă«ăšăŁăŠăăăăȘ愎ăă«èČ ăăŠćŒăäžăăăă©ăăăŻăèȘćăźçăæčăźæ čćččă«ăăăăćéĄă§ăăăç”¶ćŻŸă«èČ ăăăăźăăăšăăšăéăŁăŠăăăšæăŁăăăă§ăă
ă1974ćčŽăźććăŻăăăŁăšäžæ±ăæ ăăŠăăăăšăŻć ă«èż°ăčăŸăăăăăźăăćăć„œăă ăŁăăźăŻăăčăăă¶ïŒ1632ïœ1677ćčŽăăȘă©ăłăăźèżäžćç䞻矩ćČćŠè ïŒăźăæ°žé ăźçžăźäžă«ăăšăăèšèă§ăăăæ„ćžžçăȘçŸè±ĄäžçăźèćŸă«ăŻăćŻäžă«ăăŠăçĄéă§ăæ°žé ăźçăźćźäœăććšăăăăăăŻăç„ïŒèȘç¶ăă§ăăăăèȘèăăăăă«ăŻăæ°žé ăźçžăźäžă«èŠăăăšăćż èŠă ăšăčăăă¶ăŻèȘŹăăŸăăç æŒ ăźäžă«ćăăăć€ä»Łăźéșè·ĄăăČăšăéăă«èŠăŠăăăšăăȘă©ăæ°žé ăźçžăźäžă«èŠăăšăăăźăŻăăăăăăšăăšă€ăă„ăćźæăăăăźă§ăă
 ăç°äžè§æ ă«ă€ăăŠæžăăŠăăäșććčŽéăă”ăăăăăšăç°äžăćăăæŹèłȘçă«ăŻăăă ăăȘăăăšă«ç±äžăăŠăăăăźă ăšæăăă©ăĄăă«ăăŠăăæ°žé ăźçžăźäžă«èŠăă°ăă€ăŸăăȘăăăšă§ăă
ç«è±éèăç„ăźæ ăŻç”ăăăȘăăćă3äžćăèȘăż100ćăæžăăŠèăăŠăăăăšăăææ„æ°æžïŒ2020ïŒ
äžăźæç« ăŻăç«è±éèȘèș«ăćœæăæŻăèżăŁăŠèż°ăčăèšèă§ăăă1986ćčŽă«ćșçăăăăèłæ»ăăŻăç„çăąăăăłăăŁăŒăšă§ăćŒăă ăăăăźăăăç„ïŒèȘç¶ăăæąæ±ăăéćžžă«èćłæ·±ăăăŒăă§ăăă
èłæ»ă«ă€ăăŠăŻă1988ćčŽă«ăèłæ»ćè«ăă1992ćčŽă«ăèłæ»èšèȘżæčć€ăăšç¶ăăŸăăăćœæèćšç§»æ€ă«ă€ăăŠăźè°è«ăçăă§ăç§ăźăăăȘé〿Œąă§ăæ°èăăăŹăăć ±ăăèłæ»ć€ćźćșæșăźćéĄçčăăăăăăă«ăȘăăšăăćźçšçăȘæćłăăăăŸăăăăăăăăäșșéăźæ»ăšăŻäœăăçȘăè©°ăăăèłăăšăăćźćźăźæ§é ăšæ©èœăç„ă性ćéșèă§ăăă
ăăă¶ăŒăă€ăăŁăŒășă»ăăŒăŻăă§ăźéŁèŒăŻă珏äžç·ăźă”ă€ăšăłăăŁăčăăăźćŻŸè«ă§ăç§ăŻăăăŸă§ç„ăăȘăăŁăäžçăžăšăăăȘăăăŸăăăćŻŸè«çžæăŻăæČłćé éïŒă”ă«ćŠïŒăæ„髿éïŒćç©èĄććŠïŒăæŸäșćć žïŒææç§ćŠïŒăć€ç°ćŻéïŒć ç«ćŠïŒăæČłćéŒéïŒćżçćŠïŒăć€è°·é æščïŒæ€ç©ćŠïŒăæéšćïŒćŸźçç©ćŠïŒăźäžäșșă§ăăă
ăăă«ćșæżăăăŠèȘăă ć€ç°ćŻéèăć ç«ăźæćłè«ăă§ăŻăăèłăă«ă°ăăçźăćăăŠăăç§ăŻăăć ç«ăăšăăæŠćż”ă«ăŹăăłăšăăăăŸăăăăăŻăăȘăšăŠășă©ăźăăĄă©ăźćźéšă§ăèȘć·±ăšéèȘć·±ăæŻé ăăăźăŻèłă§ăŻăȘăć ç«çł»ăȘăźă ăšèȘăă§è感ăăŸăăăăçĄç„ăźç„ăăèȘăăźçĄç„ăèȘèŠăăăšăăăźăŻćźăŻăŻăŻăŻăŻăăæ„ă ă§ăăă
ăă©ăłăčăăæ»ăŁăŠæ„ăŠăăăçžć€ăăăç«è±éăźæŹăæăĄæ©ăăćœŒăźèäœă«ă€ăăŠç±ăèȘăç§ăźăăšăăćäșșăăĄăŻăăȘăăżăȘăąăłă»ăăĄăłăăšćŒăă§ăăŸăăăćźă«èšăćœăŠćŠăšăç§ăăȘăăȘăăăźæžŸćăŻæ°ă«ć „ăŁăŠăăŸăăă
ăŹă«ăŹăłăă„ăąç«è±ăšæžĄèŸșäžć€«
ăă©ăłăčă«ăăæăç§ăŻăăŸăăŸăă©ăăŹăŒéăăăšăăăšăăă«äœăă§ăăŸăăăăă©ăłăœăŻă»ă©ăăŹăŒăŻă15äžçŽăă16äžçŽă«ăăăŠæŽ»èșăăäœćź¶ăăăăšăăăăšăŻç„ăŁăŠăăŸăăăăäœćăŻèȘăă ăăšăăăăŸăăă§ăăă
ăăæăç«è±éăźç”æŽăçșăăŠăăæăæ°ćźżă«ăŽăŒă«ăăłèĄă§ăăŹă«ăŹăłăă„ăąç«è±ăăšăăéŁČăżć±ăç”ć¶ăăŠăăăăšăçșèŠăăŸăăăć ă«ćŒçšăăăç°äžè§æ ç ç©¶ć šèšéČăăźăăŸăăăăă«ăăŁăăăăźăăŒăźăăšă§ăă
ă©ăă»ăŹăżăŒăæžăç¶ăăăźăăăăăšăšăă«ăăăźæžăćź¶æ„ăăăăăăšă«ăăăç§ăźç”æŽăźäžă«ă1971ćčŽăă72ćčŽă«ăăăŠæ°ćźżă§ăăŒăç”ć¶ăăšăăćŠăȘäžé ăăăăźăŻăăăźæăźăăšă§ăă
ăăăă«æ” ćŠăȘç§ă§ăăé·ćčŽăă©ăłăčăă¶ăăăăŠăăăźă§ăăŹă«ăŹăłăă„ăąăăăă©ăłăœăŻă»ă©ăăŹăŒăźäœćă§ăăăăšăŻăăăăăŠăăăăŸăăăăăăăă°ăăă ăŁăăăăăăç§ăŻç«è±éăæ±ć€§ä»æćșèș«ăšăăăăšăăăç°äžè§æ ăèȘăżć§ăăăźă ăŁăăšæăćșăăăăă§ăŻăšăăăźć€§èăăŹă«ăŹăłăă„ăąăšăăłăżă°ăȘă„ăšă«ăăæă«ćăăŸăăăă«ăă”ăłăčæćŠăä»ŁèĄšăăćäœć€§é·ç·šăšăăèȘé«ăäœćă§ăăă
ăăź note ăźæćăźé ă«ăæžĄèŸșäžć€«ă«ă€ăăŠäșçŻæžăăăăšăăăăŸăăïŒ005.ăąăłăă«ăŻăăŒăç„ç¶ïŒïŒ006.ăæ«ăăïŒăăăźć€§äœăçż»èšłăăăźăæžĄèŸșäžć€«ă§ăăăšăăăăăźäœćăŻăç§ăźăæé€ăă§ăŻăŸăăŁăăæŻăç«ăăȘăăźă§ăăăăăȘăčăæăźćșç€ç„èăăȘăăă°ăèæŻăšăȘăŁăŠăăæŽćČçćČćźăăăăŁăŠăăŸăăă§ăăăăă©ăłăčèȘăć šç¶è¶łăăŸăăă§ăăăäœćăźććèżăèšłèš»ă«ăèš»ăæŹČăăăšăăæăæ§ă§ăăäžäžæ«æç€ŸäŒăźæš©ćšăšç§©ćșăéœæ°ă«çŹăăšă°ăèŠæšĄé性ăȘäœćăăȘă©ăšèšăăăŠăăç§ăźçéă«ăŻçșăćŻăă°ăăă§ăăă
ć°ćșçè§ŁăăăšăŻèšăéŁăăăăăăèȘăă ăăšèĄšçŸăăŠèŻăăăźăæ©ăżăŸăăăăšăăăăăŹă«ăŹăłăă„ăąă«ćșăŠăăçæłé·ăăăŹăŒă äżźééąăźćŻäžăźèŠćăæ±ăźæŹČăăăšăăăèĄăăăćș§ćłăźéăšçăăŠèĄăăăšæ±șćżăăŸăăă
ăăă§ăăæžĄèŸșäžć€«ăšăăéĄăçšăȘăăă©ăłăčæćŠè ăç„ăăăăźéçăăăźćŸć€§ćă«èȘăżç¶ăăăăŁăăăäœăŁăŠăăăăźăç«è±éă§ăăă
ăăă«ăăŠăăè„ăæ„ăźç«è±éăèȘćăźæ°ćźżăŽăŒă«ăăłèĄăźăăŒă«ä»ăăććăšăćžćœăăă«ăźćŁČćșăźććăćăăȘăźăŻăȘăă ăăăăăăšăăăă«ăźćăéăăăăćșŠă«æăăźă§ăăă
ăçČŸç„ăšç©èłă
ă1987ćčŽćșŠăăŒăă«ççćŠă»ć»ćŠèłăŻăæ„æŹăźć©æ čć·éČććŁ«ă«æäžăăăă㩿 čć·ć棫ăźćèłçç±ăŻăăæäœăźć€æ§æ§çæăźéșäŒćŠçćçăźè§Łæăăšăăăăšă ăŁăă
 ăćèłăźéžèă«ăăăŁăăčă§ăŒăăłăźă«ăăȘăłăčă«ç ç©¶æăŻă
ă㩿 čć·æ°ăŻăäžéŁăźćè¶ăăćźéšă«ăăăćčŒćŒ±ăȘ现èăæäœăççŁăăBăȘăłăçă«æçăăéçšă§ăăă©ăă©ă«ććšăăŠăăæäœăźéșäŒćăă©ăźăăă«ćæ§æăăăăăźçșèŠă«æćăăăăăźçșèŠă«æŹĄăäșćčŽéăäžçă«ăăăăăźćéăźç ç©¶ăćźć šă«ăȘăŒăăăă
ăăšăèšè ćŁă«æèłçç±ăæ·èĄïŒă”ăăïŒăăă
ăăăăăăăèȘŹæăăăŠăăăă»ă©ăźć°éćź¶ă§ăȘăăšăăźæćłăŻăăăăŸăă
ăèšè ăăĄăăăăăăăȘăăŁăăźă ăăăăăă«ă
ăăăăŹăŻăźç ç©¶ăŻă©ăă»ă©ăăăăźăăăšăăććçŽć „ăȘèłȘćăăšăă ăăăă«ćŻŸăăŠăéžèć§ćĄăźäžäșșăă
ăć»ćŠçăźć€§ăăȘèȘČéĄăèŠäșă«è§ŁăæăăăăçŸćčŽă«äžćșŠăźć€§ç ç©¶ă ăăšçăăŠăèšè ăăĄăŻăŻăăăŠăăăŒăăšæćżăăăšăăăïŒäžç„ïŒ
ăç§ăŻăăăŠçćœç§ćŠă«ćŻŸăăŠăăăăéąćżăæăŁăŠăăăźă§ăććçç©ćŠăźæŠèȘŹæžçăȘăăźăŻèȘăă§ăăăăæ©äŒăăăă°ăăăć°ăć°éé ćă«èžăżèŸŒăă§ăăăŸććçç©ćŠăźæćç·ăă©ăźèŸșăźăšăăăŸă§ăăŠăăăźăç„ăăăăšæăŁăŠăăă
 ăă ăăăăąăĄăȘă«ă«èĄăŁăŠă㩿 čć·ăăă«äŒăŁăŠăăȘăăăšăăèȘăăăæèæ„ç§ăç·šééšăăćăăăšăăăăăăŸäșă€èżäșă§è©±ă«äčăŁăăźă ăŁăă
ăăăăăććçç©ćŠăć ç«ćŠăźćèæžăć±±ă»ă©èČ·ăăăă§ăäșćç„èăăăăăăäžă§ăăăčăăłă«ć©æ čć·ăăăăăăăć»¶ăčäșćæéă«ăăăă€ăłăżăă„ăŒăăăŠæ»ăŁăŠăăăšăăă§ăăă
ăăăăŠăăŸăç§ăŻăăĄăă㩿 čć·ăăăźç ç©¶ă«ă€ăăŠèȘăćŸăç«ć Žă«ăăăć°éçă«æ·±ăăšăŻăăăȘăăăć°ăȘăăšăäžèŹăźæčă«ăŻă㩿 čć·ăăăäœăă©ăç ç©¶ăăăăźç ç©¶ăźă©ăăăăŒăă«èłă«ć€ăăè©äŸĄăćăăăźăăèȘăăăšăăăŸă§ăŻè©±ăăăăăŁăŠăăă€ăăă§ăăă
㩿 čć·éČă»ç«è±éèăçČŸç„ăšç©èłïŒććçç©ćŠăŻă©ăăŸă§çćœăźèŹăè§Łăăăăăæèæ„ç§ïŒ1990ïŒăăćŒçšăć€ȘććŒçšè
ăăăŸă§ç§ăŻăăăăăȘăăšăăăăăăăšăăçžéąćłăćčŽèĄšăæžăăȘăăăç«è±éăźèæžăèȘăă§ăăŸăăăăçČŸç„ăšç©èłăăźćă«çșćŁČăăăăćæä»Łăæă€ăăăPART1ăPART3ăŸă§èȘăżăŸăăăăăăăăȘăăȘăă«ăăăăăèȘăżăŸăăă
ăăăăăźăçČŸç„ăšç©èłăăŻăç§ă«ăŻăăŁă±ăçè§Łă§ăăŸăăă§ăăăä»ćșŠăŻăăŹă«ăŹăłăă„ăąăšăăłăżă°ăȘă„ăšă«ăăšăŻéăŁăăćșç€çăȘç§ćŠçæé€ăăæŹ èœăăŠăăŸăăăćăăšăăăă°ă«ă°ă«ăšäœćșŠăèȘăżèżăăŸăăăăäœăé ă«ć „ăŁăŠăăȘăăźă§ăăäœżăăăŠăăèšèăźæŠćż”ăăźăăźăăăăăȘăăźă§ăăăă©ăăăăăăăăŸăăă§ăăăç§ăŻăäžèŹăźæčăă«ăŻć „ăăȘăăźăăšăéćăăŁăăăăèšæ¶ăăăăŸăă
ăăšăăăç„ăźć·šäșșăăšè©ăăăç«è±éă«ăćæă«æ§ăăç±ăäžăăŠèæžăèȘăżăăăŁăŠăăç§ă§ăăă性ćŠćéšăźæă«ççł»ăăăŁă±ăăăĄă§æ©ă ă«ç§ć€§ă«éČćŠăăăăăȘăăŁăç§ă«ăŻăăăăăăźç„çăȘæ ă«ăŻăăăćŸăèżœăăăšăăă§ăăȘăăźăăšćżăăæźćż”ă«æăŁăăăšăăăèŠăăŠăăŸăă
çźăźćă«ćźăźć±±ăăăŁăŠăăăăć„œăăȘă ăă©ăăăšèšăăăŠăăăšăăăźă«ăç„çäœćăăȘăă°ăăă«ăćźăźć±±ăźćă§ç«ăĄç«Šăă§ăăç¶æ ă§ăăă
ăăźćŸćșçăăăŠăăăă”ă€ăšăłăčă»ăăŠăăé»èłéČćè«ăăȘă©ăŻèłŒć „ăăŠăăăăèȘćă«ăŻçè§Łă§ăăȘăäžçăȘăźă ăšăæŹăźèĄšçŽăèŠăȘăăæăć„ăăŠăăç¶æ ă«ăȘăŁăŠăăăŸăăăăă”ă«ćŠăźçŸćšăăăć·šæȘvsèšè«ăăźăăăȘæŹăćșçăăăăšăăŁăšèȘćăźçȘăăŸăăŁăŠăăăȘă©ăšæăăŸăăă
6æ23æ„ă«ăć æ„æŹăă€ăŻăăœăă瀟é·ăźææŻçæ°ăăFacebookă§ç«è±éăžăźèżœæŒăźèšèăèż°ăčăŠăăăăŸăăă
ă·ă§ăăŻă ăăŸăă«ć·šæă ăŁăă
1995ćčŽăăç«è±ăăăšăă«ă»ăČă€ăăźćŻŸè«ă«éȘćžăăăăšăăăăăăă«ć ç«ăŁăŠăă«ă«ăç«è±ăăăźç”æŽăćźçžŸăèĄšă«ăăŠèȘŹæăăăăšăèŠăăŠăăăćăȘăăžăŁăŒăăȘăčăă§ăŻăȘăăăăąăĄăȘă«äșșăźăă«ăç«è±ăăăç„ăŁăŠăăăšăŻæăăȘăăŁăăźă ă
2æéăźćŻŸè«ăźăŻăăŸăŁăŠăżăăšććèżăăŻăăȘăăšäșșć·„ç„èœă«ă€ăăŠă ăŁăăăăăăăăĄăăăăźèšèăŻäœżăăȘăăŁăăç«è±ăăăŻăă·ăłăźă„ă©ăȘăăŁăŒăă«ă€ăăŠăă«ă«ăă€ăăèłȘćăă€ă„ăăăźă ăăă€ăŻăăœăăăźçŹć ćéĄăç”ć¶æłăăăœăłăłăźæȘæ„ăă€ăłăżăŒăăăăȘă©ćŸćăă ăŁăăźă ă
ăăă«ăăć šćĄăćç¶ăšăăă°ăăăç«è±ăăăźăă€ăăă«ăăăŻăŻăă«ăźæ©ć«ăæȘăăȘăăšæăăćż æ»ă«è©±éĄăć€ăăăăšăăăăăŻăźç„ăŁăŠăăăăăćœæăźăă€ăŻăăœăăăŻäșșć·„ç„èœăȘă©ç ç©¶ăăŠăȘăăŁăăăăă«ăéąćżăăăăšăŻæăăȘăăŁăăăȘă«ăă25ćčŽćăźăăšă§ăăă
ăăăă15ćčŽă2010ćčŽä»Łă«ć „ăăăŁăŒăă©ăŒăăłă°ăç»ć Žăăă·ăłăźă„ă©ăȘăăŁăŒăšăăèšèăçăŸăăăćœæăźç«è±ăăăŻăć°ăȘăăšăăă«ă»ăČă€ăăăăæȘæ„ăèŠăăăšăă§ăăäșșă ăŁăăšæăăăăŸăăæăăšCPUăźæ§èœćäžæČç·ăèŠăă°äșæłă§ăăăăšă ăŁăăźăăăăăȘăăăăăăäœćčŽăç«è±ăăă«ăŻăăăăæăăŠăăă ăăă
Facebook ææŻçæ°ăź2021ćčŽ6æ23æ„ăźæçšżăă
ăăźăăăȘç„çè感ăèŠăăăăšăŻăç§ă«ăŻć¶ăăŸăăă§ăăăèȘ ă«æźćż”çĄćż”ăźăČăšèšă§ăă
ăăă§ăăăźé ăŻæ°ćæžăă§ăă°æŹ ăăăèłŒć „ăăŠăăŸăăăć ±æèŠă«ă€ăăŠæžăăæă«ăè§ŠăăŸăăăïŒ093.æćă«èČăć ±æèŠăïŒăăèšæ»äœéšăăźăăă«ăæă èȘćăźçȘăăăŁăŠăăăšăăźæăŻçćäč±èăăă»ă©ăźè感ăćłăăăŸăăă
ăăă1990ćčŽä»Łăćă°ă«ăȘăăšăç§ăäžé知çè·ăšăȘăæźæ„ç¶ăăźæ„ă ă§ăæžćșăžăźè¶łăé ăźăăŸăăăăăç«è±éăźèšäșăźèŒăŁăéèȘăć±ăăŠăăăăăăȘæŹć±ăăăăăȘăăȘăăŸăăăä»ćșŠăźæŹăç§ă«ăŻçè§Łă§ăăȘăăźăăšæăăšăć°ăăă€ć°ăăă€ăç«è±éăăéąăăŠăăăŸăăă
1998ćčŽăă2005ćčŽăŸă§è¶łæă8ćčŽ70ćă«æžĄăŁăŠăæèæ„ç§ăă«éŁèŒăăăŠăăăç§ă꿱〧è«ăïŒăźăĄă«ă怩çăšæ±ć€§ăăšăăŠćèĄæŹćïŒăźæăŻăăăăăç§ăźçȘăăăŁăŠăăăšćăă§ăăăŻăă ăŁăăźă«ăăă°ăăăŻéŁèŒăăăŠăăăăšăæ°ă„ăăȘăăŁăă»ă©ă§ăăă
ăăźé ăŻæŹé·èżèŸșă«äœăă§ăăăźă§ăææăèČ·ăç©ăăăæŁæ©ăăăăăç«è±éăźć§żăèŠăăăăăšăăăăŸăăăæŹćœăŻé§ăćŻăŁăŠăè„ăé ăă性ăăĄăłă§ăăæĄæăăŠăă ăăăă”ă€ăłăăŠăă ăăăăšèšăăăæăăæșąăăăă§ăăăăăăèäœăăçè§Łă§ăăȘăèȘćă«ăăăȘèłæ ŒăŻăȘăăźă ăšăæČăăæăă§ăăŁăšèŠă€ăăă°ăăă§ăăăăăźăăăæžćș«ă ăšăăç«ăă«ăăă ć€ăăèŠăă ăă§ăăăăćçăæźăă«èĄăŁăăăšăăăăŸăăă
NHKăčăă·ăŁă« ăăă çăšæ»ăźèŹă«æăă
ăăă§ăNHKăčăă·ăŁă«ăăTBSăźăă„ăŒăč23ăȘă©ă§ç«è±éăźć§żăŻçźă«ăăŠăăŸăăăç§ćŠçăȘăăšăŻăăæŽ»ćă§çè§Łă§ăăȘăăźă ăăăšăæ ć ±æșăŻæ ćăšăăŁă±ăćČăćăăăšă«ăăŠăçȘç”ăèŠăăăšă«ć°ćż”ăăŸăăă
ăăă«ă€ăăŠăŻăć
ćŠ»ă»æ©é
ćăăăźèșăăăăžăŁăŒăăȘăčăç玫ćČäčăźèșăăăç©çćŠè
ăźæžćĄæŽäșăźć€§è
žăăăèȘèș«ăźèè±ăăăšèș«èżăȘæčă
ăæŹĄă
ă«çœčæŁăăăăă«ćœăć„ȘăŁăŠăăæ§ćăæŽ»ćăæ ćă§ç„ăăŸăăăç§ăŻæ©é
ćăăăźèæžăæèȘăăŸăăă
2009ćčŽ11æ23æ„ăźăăăăçăšæ»ăźèŹă«æăăăŻăèȘèș«ăźèè±ăăăźæČ»çăźéçšă§ăäžçăźæćç·ăźç ç©¶è
ăăĄăćæăăăăăźæŁäœăæ čæșçă«èŠă€ăçŽăăăšăăçȘç”ăŻć€§ć€èŠćżăăăăăŸăăă
â â â
æ±ć€§ă§è„ăćŠçă«æăăăăăăăăŻç«æă»ă«ăłăăčăăŒăžć€§ćŠă§é«éœąćŠçă«èŹçŸ©ăăăăăăæ§ćăăæžç©ăăăăăéăăŠé ăăăçșăăŠăăăăšăæăćșăăăŸăăăăźé ăç«è±éă«ćŻŸăăæč〿Źăćșçăăć§ăăŸăăăăç§ăŻç«è±éèȘèș«ăźæŹăçè§Łă§ăăȘăăăăăȘăźă§ăæč〿ŹăăăŁăšçè§ŁăźçŻçăè¶
ăăă ăăăšăæă«ăăăăšăăăăŸăăă§ăăăä»äșă«ćżæźșăăăæ„ă
ă§ăăă
ăă€ăźé ăăăăăŹăăăèăăăŠăăăăăĄă°ăȘăăăăăšćœŒăźćăćŒă¶ćŁ°ă«æăăç»éąă«çźăăăăšăć„ăźäșșç©ăç»éąă«æ ăŁăŠăăăăšăć€ăăȘăăŸăăă
æă«äžćșŠăăăăé±ćææ„ăă«æČèŒăăăăç§ăźèȘæžæ„èšăăŻććäžçŽă«æžĄăŁăŠç§ăźèȘæžăźăŹă€ăă§ăăç¶ăăŸăăăăăăæšćčŽăź2æăæćŸă«äŒèŒăç¶ăăéă«éŁèŒăç”äșăăŠăăŸăăç ç¶ăèŻăăȘăăźă§ăŻăȘăăăšćżé ăăŠăăăä»ćăźèšć ±ă§ăăă
â â â
NHKă«ăăă°ăăç«è± éăăăăăźăă§ăăšéĄăăŠçčéăç”ăŸăăăăă§ăăâăăŒăŻăźăŻăăŒășăąăăçŸä»ŁïŒăŻæ°ăăèŁœäœăăăâăăŒăŻăźçȘç”ăŻćæŸéă§ăăăăăăNHKăă©ăčă§ćæă»èŠéăé 俥ăăăăăă§ăă
â ăŻăăŒășăąăăçŸä»ŁïŒăç«è±é ăăźćœăž è„è ăăĄăžïœæȘć Źéăźæ ćă»éłćŁ°èłæïœïŒä»źïŒăăæŸéäșćźă6æ30æ„ïŒæ°ŽïŒïŒ»ç·ććŸ10:00ïœ10:30
â 1995ćčŽæŸéăNHKăčăă·ăŁă«ăç«è±éăźă·ăăȘăąéźéæïœæçç»ćź¶ă»éŠææł°ç·ïœăăæŸéäșćźă6æ27æ„ïŒæ„ïŒïŒ»ç·ććŸ3:05ïœ3:54
â 2005ćčŽæŸéăNHKăčăă·ăŁă«ăç«è±é æćç·ć ±ć ă”ă€ăăŒă°æèĄăäșșéĄăć€ăăăăæŸéäșćźă6æ29æ„ïŒç«ïŒïŒ»EăăŹïŒœć0:25ïœ1:39ăâ»æææ·±ć€
â 2015ćčŽæŸéăETVçčéăç«è±é æŹĄäžä»ŁăžăźăĄăă»ăŒăžïœăăćçčăźćșćł¶ă»é·ćŽăăïœăăæŸéäșćźă6æ29æ„ïŒç«ïŒïŒ»EăăŹïŒœć1:39ïœ2:38ăâ»æææ·±ć€
â 2009ćčŽæŸéăNHKăčăă·ăŁă«ăç«è±é æçŽąăăă„ăĄăłă ăă çăšæ»ăźèŹă«æăăăæŸéäșćźă6æ30æ„ïŒæ°ŽïŒïŒ»EăăŹïŒœć0:25ïœ1:38ăâ»ç«ææ·±ć€
â 2014ćčŽæŸéăNHKăčăă·ăŁă«ăèšæ»äœéš ç«è±é æçŽąăăă„ăĄăłă æ»ăŹăšăćżăŻă©ăăȘăăźăăăæŸéäșćźă7æ1æ„ïŒæšïŒïŒ»EăăŹïŒœć1:00ïœ2:13ăâ»æ°Žææ·±ć€
â â â
ăȘăă ăă棟性ăȘăçæăăă«ă€ăăŠèż°ăčăŠăăăăăȘæ°ăăăŸăăç«è±éăžăźé·ăă©ăăŹăżăŒăæžăç”ăăŁăæ°ćă§ăăä»ăæčăNHKăźă”ă€ăă§ćœŒăźçȘç”ăźăżă€ăă«ăæŻăèżăŁăăăăăăăææ ăäžæ°ă«èŸŒăżäžăăŠăăŠæ¶ăăăŒăăŸăăă
ăè¶æ±ČăżăăăŠăăăăźé ăăăéæŠăéăăăŸă§ćććčŽéăé„ăä»°ăèŠăććšă§ăăăăç«è±éăăăăźäžă«ććšăăŠăăăăăšăă«ćżăăăźæèŹă蟌ăăŠăèŹčăă§ćæŒăźæăèĄšăăŸăăăăăăšăăăăăŸăăă