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Nanking

維基詞典，自由的多語言詞典

英語

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US Army Map of Nan-ching (Nanking) 南京

词源

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源自官話 南京 (南京話)，并经由郵政式拼音加强[1]，这一形式保留了 /k/在现代腭化为/tɕ/之前的语音特征。[2]

发音

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  • 英語發音：nǎnʹkǐngʹ, 國際音標(幫助): /nænˈkɪŋ/, /nɑnˈkɪŋ/

专有名词

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Nanking

  1. Nanjing的另一種寫法
    • 1655，F. Alvarez Semedo，「Bellum Tartaricum」，收錄於The History of That Great and Renowned Monarchy of China‎[3]，E. Tyler，256頁：
      Wherefore he firſt placed his Court at Nanking nee to the bank of that great River of Kiang, which the Chineſſes,in reſpect of the hugh Mountains of water which it diſcharges into the Ocean, call the Son of the Sea :
      因此，他首先将朝廷设在南京，靠近长江河岸，中国人因江水流入海洋而称其为“洋子”：
    • 1706, Dionysius Kao, A Short Description of the Vaſt Empire of China‎[4], London, page 163:
      In China the quantity of Ships is innumerable, as the Sand of the Sea : Thoſe which carry Corn only to Peking amounting to 9999 (*) large Ships, ſufficient to carry above thirty or forty thouſand weight : and their paſſage from Nanking to Peking, being ſeven or eight hundred (†) (Italian) Miles, mostly through Artificial Channels, takes up full ſix Months time.
      . . .
      (†)That our Author muſt here be underſtood to intend Italian Miles is beyond all question : For the extent of the whole Empire from the moſt remote part of it the Iſland of Hainan, to that part of it which borders on the Muſcovian Empire, doth not contain about 8 or 900 Leagues or Hours ; nor is the fartheſt part of Nanking, where the River falls into the Sea, above 250 French or common Dutch Miles ; which according to our Author's account make 7 or 800 (Italian) Miles, which word I have therefore ventured to inſert in a Parentheſis.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1898，Harlan P. Beach，Dawn on the Hills of Tʻang‎[5]，New York，→OCLC，154頁：
      Chiang-su was the main centre of the great Tʻai Pʻing rebellion, Nanking being the rebel capital from 1853 to 1864.
      江苏是太平天国起义的主要中心，南京在1853年至1864年间为起义政权的首都。
    • 1912，Herbert A. Giles，「Hsien Fêng」，收錄於China and The Manchus‎[6]，Cambridge History Press，→OCLC，→OL，86頁：
      By 1857, Imperialist troops were drawing close lines around the rebels, who had begun to lose rather than to gain ground. An-chʻing and Nanking, the only two cities which remained to them, were blockaded, and the Manchu plan was simply to starve the enemy out.
      1857年，清军已将叛军包围，而叛军却节节败退。他们仅存的两座城市——安庆和南京已被封锁，而清政府所需做的计划仅仅是断绝敌军的粮草。
    • 1936, H. Hessell Tiltman, The Far East Comes Nearer‎[7], Jarrolds, page 250:
      Again, while divided counsels no longer exist at Canton, and both Kwangtung and Kwangsi are now under the control of Nanking, the agreement between Nanking and the Kwangsi war lords depends for its success on the spirit in which it is carried out.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1939，Virgina Holton，The Beeps‎[8]，New York：John Day Company，133頁：
      As my husband's ship stopped for a day or two at Kiu-kiang, Anking, and Wu-hu, enroute to Nanking, I arrived three days before his ship anchored off the bund.
      由于我丈夫的船在前往南京的途中在九江、安庆和芜湖停留了一两天，所以我在他的船抛锚之前三天就到达了。
    • 1942 [1942年2月21日]，Kai-shek Chiang，「One half of the world's people」，收錄於All We Are and All We Have‎[9]，New York：Chinese News Service，→OCLC，11頁：
      As regards barbarities committed by the Japanese army since our war of resistance, the fall of Nanking in December 1937 is a case in point. Over 200,000 civilians were massacred within one week.
      说到抗战以来日军的暴行，一九三七年十二月南京沦陷就是一个例证，在一周之内，就有二十多万平民惨遭屠杀。
    • 1975，Frederic Wakeman, Jr.，The Fall of Imperial China‎[10]，152頁：
      On February 18, 1853, Chiu-chiang fell to the rebels, who went on to take Anking. Less than a month later, on March 19, the Taiping forces captured the beautiful city of Nanking, which was renamed T'ien-ching (Heavenly Capital) to commemorate the occasion.
      1853年2月18日，九江沦陷，叛军随后攻占安庆。不到一个月后，3月19日，太平军攻占了美丽的南京城，为了纪念这一胜利，改南京为天京。
    • 1983 March 20, “Hainan protest over Teng's economic plans”, in Free China Weekly‎[11], volume XXIV, number 11, Taipei, page 3:
      Wang also accused Hsu of instigating ranking officers in the Nanking Military District to disobey transfer orders....
      On Feb. 22, Hsu attended a “Conference on the Development of Socialist Civilization” in Nanking.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1996年 3月15日，Michael Evans，「China offensive cannot be ruled out, experts say」，收錄於The Times‎[12]，65,528期，→ISSN，→OCLC，「Overseas News」，14頁，第3列：
      The third option would be to mount a missile attack on key targets in Taiwan. Chinese missiles have sufficient range and they would cause considerable damage. They have already demonstrated that their M9 missiles, fired without explosive warheads from a base in the Nanking military district, have been launched successfully, landing inside the two designated target "boxes" northeast and southwest of Taiwan.
      第三个选项是对台湾的关键目标发动导弹袭击。中国导弹射程足够，能够造成相当大的破坏。他们已经证明，从南京军区基地发射的M9导弹（不带爆炸弹头）成功发射，落在了台湾东北和西南两个指定的目标“箱”内。
    • 2007年 1月29日，James Greenberg，「Beautifully crafted docu chronicles gruesome massacre」，收錄於Reuters‎[13]，原始內容存檔自原始內容，存檔時間 2023年3月11日，「Reviews News」‎[14]：
      Barely remembered in the West, the rape of Nanking -- then the capital of China -- by the Japanese imperial forces in 1937 stands as a gruesome testimonial to man’s inhumanity to man. […]
      Having already annexed Manchuria, Japan started its full-scale attack on the Chinese mainland in summer 1937 with extensive air raids on Shanghai and Nanking. Chinese citizens who had money and most foreigners had fled Nanking before the ground troops arrived that December.
      西方几乎没人记得1937年大日本帝国军队对当时中国首都南京的暴行，它残酷地证明了人与人之间惨无人道的残酷行径。 […]
      吞并中国东北后，日本于1937年夏天对中国大陆发动全面进攻，大规模空袭上海和南京。在12月地面部队抵达之前，南京城内的中国籍富人和大多数外国人都逃离了。
    • 2014年 12月13日，「China's Xi: Nanjing massacre undeniable」，收錄於Deutsche Welle‎[15]，原始內容存檔自原始內容，存檔時間 2016年4月25日，「Asia」‎[16]：
      For the first time on Saturday, China held a national day of remembrance on the 77th anniversary of Japanese atrocities committed in the city of Nanjing in the run-up to World War II. President Xi Jinping led the commemorations in front of a crowd of some 10,000 people, among whom were survivors or relatives of victims of the "Rape of Nanking," a six-week reign of terror during which the Imperial Japanese Army carried out mass killings and rapes.
      周六，中国首次举行全国性纪念活动，纪念二战前夕日军在南京犯下暴行77周年。国家主席习近平在约一万名民众面前主持了纪念活动，其中包括“南京大屠杀”幸存者或受害者家属。“南京大屠杀”是一场持续六周的恐怖统治，日本皇军在南京实施了大规模屠杀和强奸。
    • 2022/3，「Referendums Profile」，收錄於Central Election Commission‎[17]，原始內容存檔自原始內容，存檔時間 2023年8月31日，「Referendums」‎[18]：
      The ROC Constitution was adopted on December 25, 1946, by the National Assembly convened in Nanking. It was promulgated by the National Government on January 1, 1947, and put into effect on December 25 of the same year. According to Article 174 of the Constitution, amendments to the Constitution shall be proposed and decided by the National Assembly, or proposed by the Legislative Yuan, followed by a referendum by the National Assembly.
      中华民国宪法于1946年12月25日由国民大会在南京召开通过，并于1947年1月1日由国民政府公布，同年12月25日施行。根据宪法第174条规定，宪法修正案，由国民大会提出决议，或由立法院提出决议，经国民大会复决。
    • 2023年 2月1日，Khedroob Thondup，「Taiwan must stand up for itself」，收錄於Taipei Times‎[19]，→ISSN，→OCLC，原始內容存檔自原始內容，存檔時間 2023年2月1日，「Editorials」，第8頁‎[20]：
      According to official KMT records in Nanking, Tibet never paid taxes to the ROC government.
      根据南京的国民党官方记录，西藏从未向中华民国政府缴纳税款。
    • 有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:Nanking。

關聯詞

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衍生词

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派生语词

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参考资料

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  1. ↑ Index to the New Map of China (In English and Chinese).‎[1]，Second版，Shanghai：Far Eastern Geographical Establishment，March 1915，→OCLC，55頁： “The romanisation adopted is […] that used by the Chinese Post Office. […] Nanking 南京 Kiangsu 江蘇 32.5 N 118.49E”
  2. ↑ Kaske, Elisabeth (2008), The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919‎[2], Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, →ISBN, page 52

扩展阅读

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来自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Nanking&oldid=9367192”