April 20 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 1152  - After an eight-year conflict, Baldwin III of Jerusalem wins sole control of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from his mother Melisende.^[1]
• 1303  - The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.^[2]

1601–1900

• 1653  - Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.^[3]
• 1657  - English Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish silver fleet, under heavy fire from the shore, at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.^[4]
• 1657  - Freedom of religion is granted to the Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York City).
• 1752  - Start of Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War, a new phase in the Burmese Civil War (1740–57).
• 1770  - The Georgian king, Erekle II, abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben, wins a victory over Ottoman forces at Aspindza.
• 1789  - George Washington arrives at Grays Ferry, Philadelphia, while en route to Manhattan for his inauguration.
• 1792  - France declares war against the "King of Hungary and Bohemia", the beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars.
• 1800  - The Septinsular Republic is established.
• 1809  - Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
• 1828  - René Caillié becomes the second non-Muslim to enter Timbuktu, following Major Gordon Laing. He would also be the first to return alive.^[5]
• 1836  - U.S. Congress passes an act creating the Wisconsin Territory.
• 1861  - American Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia.^[6]
• 1861  - Thaddeus S. C. Lowe, attempting to display the value of balloons, makes record journey, flying 900 miles from Cincinnati to South Carolina.^[7]
• 1862  - Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard complete the experiment disproving the theory of spontaneous generation.
• 1865  - Astronomer Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk, which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX's yacht, the L'Immaculata Concezion.
• 1876  - The April Uprising begins. Its suppression shocks European opinion, and Bulgarian independence becomes a condition for ending the Russo-Turkish War.
• 1884  - Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus, condemning Freemasonry.
• 1898  - U.S. President William McKinley signs a joint resolution to Congress for declaration of war against Spain, beginning the Spanish–American War.^[8]

1901–present

• 1902  - Pierre and Marie Curie refine radium chloride.
• 1908  - Opening day of competition in the New South Wales Rugby League.^[9]
• 1914  - Nineteen men, women, and children participating in a strike are killed in the Ludlow Massacre during the Colorado Coalfield War.^[10]
• 1918  - Manfred von Richthofen, a.k.a. The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims, his final victories before his death the following day.
• 1922  - The Soviet government creates South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within Georgian SSR.
• 1945  - World War II: U.S. troops capture Leipzig, Germany, only to later cede the city to the Soviet Union.
• 1945  - World War II: Führerbunker: On his 56th birthday Adolf Hitler makes his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth.
• 1945  - Twenty Jewish children used in medical experiments at Neuengamme are killed in the basement of the Bullenhuser Damm school.
• 1946  - The League of Nations officially dissolves, giving most of its power to the United Nations.
• 1949  - Amethyst incident: The People's Liberation Army attacks travelling to the British embassy in Nanjing during the Chinese Civil War.^[11]
• 1961  - Cold War: Failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of US-backed Cuban exiles against Cuba.
• 1968  - English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial "Rivers of Blood" speech.^[12]
• 1968  - South African Airways Flight 228 crashes near J.G. Strijdom Airport in South West Africa (now Hosea Kutako International Airport in Namibia), killing 123 people.^[13]
• 1972  - Apollo program: Apollo 16 Lunar Module, commanded by John Young and piloted by Charles Duke, lands on the Moon.
• 1985  - University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid: Animal Liberation Front rescues 467 animals being tested in a lab at University of California, Riverside in Riverside, California, causing $700,000 in damages to the laboratory in advocation for Animal rights.^[14]
• 1998  - Air France Flight 422 crashes after taking off from El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá, Colombia, killing all 53 people on board.^[15]
• 1999  - Columbine High School massacre: Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold kill 14 people and injure 23 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado.^[16]
• 2004  - The Nicoll Highway in Singapore collapsed, killing four workers.^[17]
• 2007  - Johnson Space Center shooting: William Phillips barricades himself with a handgun in NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas before killing a male hostage and himself.^[18]
• 2008  - Danica Patrick wins the Indy Japan 300 becoming the first female driver in history to win an Indy car race.^[19]
• 2010  - The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explodes in the Gulf of Mexico, killing eleven workers and beginning an oil spill that lasted six months.
• 2012  - One hundred twenty-seven people are killed when a plane crashes in a residential area near the Benazir Bhutto International Airport near Islamabad, Pakistan.
• 2013  - A 6.6-magnitude earthquake strikes Lushan County, Ya'an, in China's Sichuan province, killing at least 193 people and injuring thousands.
• 2015  - Ten people are killed in a bomb attack on a convoy carrying food supplies to a United Nations compound in Garowe in the Somali region of Puntland.
• 2020  - For the first time in history, oil prices drop below zero, an effect of the 2020 Russia-Saudi Arabia oil price war.^[20]
• 2021  - State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin: Derek Chauvin is found guilty of all charges in the murder of George Floyd by the Fourth Judicial District Court of Minnesota.^[21]
• 2023  - SpaceX's Starship rocket, the largest and most powerful rocket ever built, launches for the first time. It explodes four minutes into flight.^[22]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1494  - Johannes Agricola, German theologian and reformer (died 1566)^[23]
• 1544  - Renata of Lorraine, Duchess consort of Bavaria (died 1602)
• 1586  - Rose of Lima, Peruvian mystic and saint (died 1617)

1601–1900

• 1633  - Emperor Go-Kōmyō of Japan (died 1654)
• 1646  - Charles Plumier, French botanist and author (died 1704)
• 1650  - William Bedloe, English spy (died 1680)
• 1718  - David Brainerd, American missionary (died 1747)
• 1723  - Cornelius Harnett, American merchant, farmer, and politician (died 1781)^[24]
• 1727  - Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau, Belgian-Austrian minister and diplomat (died 1794)
• 1745  - Philippe Pinel, French physician and psychiatrist (died 1826)
• 1748  - Georg Michael Telemann, German composer and theologian (died 1831)
• 1808  - Napoleon III, French politician, 1st President of France, Emperor of French Second Empire (died 1873)
• 1816  - Bogoslav Šulek, Croatian philologist, historian, and lexicographer (died 1895)
• 1818  - Heinrich Göbel, German-American mechanic and engineer (died 1893)
• 1826  - Dinah Craik, English author and poet (died 1887)
• 1839  - Carol I of Romania, King of Romania (died 1914)
• 1840  - Odilon Redon, French painter and illustrator (died 1916)
• 1850  - Daniel Chester French, American sculptor, designed the Lincoln statue (died 1931)
• 1851  - Alexander Dianin, Russian chemist (died 1918)
• 1851  - Siegmund Lubin, Polish-American businessman, founded the Lubin Manufacturing Company (died 1923)
• 1860  - Justinien de Clary, French target shooter (died 1933)
• 1871  - Sydney Chapman, English economist and civil servant (died 1951)
• 1873  - James Harcourt, English character actor (died 1951)
• 1875  - Vladimir Vidrić, Croatian poet and lawyer (died 1909)
• 1879  - Paul Poiret, French fashion designer (died 1944)
• 1882  - Holland Smith, American general (died 1967)
• 1884  - Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (died 1966)
• 1884  - Oliver Kirk, American boxer (died 1960)
• 1884  - Daniel Varoujan, Armenian poet and educator (died 1915)
• 1889  - Albert Jean Amateau, Turkish rabbi, lawyer, and activist (died 1996)
• 1889  - Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland (died 1918)
• 1889  - Marie-Antoinette de Geuser, French mystic (died 1918)
• 1889  - Adolf Hitler, Austrian-born German politician, Führer of Nazi Germany (died 1945)
• 1889  - Tonny Kessler, Dutch footballer (died 1960)
• 1890  - Maurice Duplessis, Canadian lawyer and politician, 16th Premier of Quebec (died 1959)
• 1890  - Adolf Schärf, Austrian soldier and politician, 6th President of Austria (died 1965)
• 1891  - Dave Bancroft, American baseball player and manager (died 1972)
• 1893  - Harold Lloyd, American actor, comedian, and producer (died 1971)
• 1893  - Joan Miró, Spanish painter and sculptor (died 1983)
• 1895  - Henry de Montherlant, French essayist, novelist, and dramatist (died 1972)
• 1899  - Alan Arnett McLeod, Canadian lieutenant, Victoria Cross recipient (died 1918)

1901–present

• 1904  - Bruce Cabot, American actor (died 1972)
• 1907  - Miran Bakhsh, Pakistani cricketer (died 1991)^[25]
• 1907  - Augoustinos Kantiotes, Greek bishop (died 2010)
• 1908  - Lionel Hampton, American vibraphone player, pianist, bandleader, and actor (died 2002)
• 1910  - Fatin Rüştü Zorlu, Turkish diplomat and politician (died 1961)
• 1913  - Mimis Fotopoulos, Greek actor and poet (died 1986)
• 1913  - Willi Hennig, German biologist and entomologist (died 1976)
• 1914  - Betty Lou Gerson, American actress (died 1999)
• 1915  - Joseph Wolpe, South African psychotherapist and physician (died 1997)
• 1916  - Yoko Matsuoka, Japanese writer (died 1979)^[26]
• 1916  - Nasiba Zeynalova, Azerbaijani actress (died 2004)
• 1918  - Kai Siegbahn, Swedish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2007)
• 1919  - Richard Hillary, Australian lieutenant and pilot (died 1943)
• 1920  - Frances Ames, South African neurologist, psychiatrist, and human rights activist (died 2002)
• 1920  - Clement Isong, Nigerian banker and politician, Governor of Cross River State (died 2000)
• 1920  - John Paul Stevens, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (died 2019)^[27]
• 1921  - Katarína Kolníková, Slovak actress (died 2006)^[28]
• 1923  - Mother Angelica, American nun and broadcaster, founded Eternal Word Television Network (died 2016)^[29]
• 1923  - Irene Lieblich, Polish-American painter and illustrator (died 2008)
• 1923  - Tito Puente, American drummer and producer (died 2000)^[30]
• 1924  - Nina Foch, Dutch-American actress (died 2008)^[31]
• 1924  - Leslie Phillips, English actor and producer (died 2022)^[32]
• 1924  - Guy Rocher, Canadian sociologist and academic (died 2025)
• 1925  - Ernie Stautner, German-American football player and coach (died 2006)
• 1925  - Elena Verdugo, American actress (died 2017)
• 1927  - Bud Cullen, Canadian judge and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Employment and Immigration (died 2005)
• 1927  - Phil Hill, American race car driver (died 2008)
• 1927  - K. Alex Müller, Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2023)^[33]
• 1928  - Robert Byrne, American chess player and author (died 2013)
• 1928  - Johnny Gavin, Irish international footballer (died 2007)^[34]
• 1930  - Dwight Gustafson, American composer and conductor (died 2014)
• 1930  - Antony Jay, English director and screenwriter (died 2016)
• 1931  - Michael Allenby, 3rd Viscount Allenby, English lieutenant and politician (died 2014)
• 1931  - John Eccles, 2nd Viscount Eccles, English businessman and politician
• 1932  - Myriam Bru, French actress
• 1936  - Lisa Davis, English-American actress
• 1936  - Pauli Ellefsen, Faroese technician, surveyor, and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (died 2012)^[35]
• 1936  - Pat Roberts, American captain, journalist, and politician^[36]
• 1937  - Jiří Dienstbier, Czech journalist and politician, Czech Minister of Foreign Affairs (died 2011)
• 1937  - Harvey Quaytman, American painter and educator (died 2002)^[37]
• 1937  - George Takei, American actor^[38]
• 1938  - Betty Cuthbert, Australian sprinter (died 2017)^[39]
• 1938  - Manfred Kinder, German runner^[40]
• 1938  - Eszter Tamási, Hungarian actress (died 1991)
• 1938  - Johnny Tillotson, American singer-songwriter (died 2025)^{[41] [42]}
• 1939  - Peter S. Beagle, American author and screenwriter
• 1939  - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Norwegian physician and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Norway -
• 1940  - James Gammon, American actor (died 2010)^[43]
• 1941  - Ryan O'Neal, American actor (died 2023)^[44]
• 1943  - Alan Beith, English academic and politician
• 1943  - John Eliot Gardiner, English conductor and director
• 1944  - Toivo Aare, Estonian journalist and author (died 1999)
• 1945  - Michael Brandon, American actor and director
• 1945  - Olga Karlatos, Greek actress and Bermudian lawyer
• 1945  - Thein Sein, Burmese general and politician, 8th President of Burma
• 1945  - Naftali Temu, Kenyan runner (died 2003)
• 1945  - Steve Spurrier, American football player and coach^[45]
• 1946  - Sandro Chia, Italian painter and sculptor
• 1947  - Rita Dionne-Marsolais, Canadian economist and politician
• 1947  - Viktor Suvorov, Russian intelligence officer, historian, and author
• 1947  - Niko Lekishvili, Georgian politician (died 2025)^[46]
• 1948  - Matthias Kuhle, German geographer and academic (died 2015)
• 1949  - Veronica Cartwright, English-American actress^[47]
• 1949  - Toller Cranston, Canadian-Mexican figure skater and painter (died 2015)
• 1949  - Massimo D'Alema, Italian journalist and politician, 76th Prime Minister of Italy
• 1949  - Jessica Lange, American actress
• 1950  - Alexander Lebed, Russian general and politician (died 2002)
• 1950  - N. Chandrababu Naidu, Indian politician, 13th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
• 1951  - Luther Vandross, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2005)^[48]
• 1952  - Louka Katseli, Greek economist and politician
• 1953  - Sebastian Faulks, English journalist and author^[49]
• 1953  - James Chance, American musician (died 2024)^[50]
• 1955  - Donald Pettit, American engineer and astronaut^[51]
• 1955  - Svante Pääbo, Swedish geneticist and Nobel Laureate^[52]
• 1956  - Beatrice Ask, Swedish politician, Swedish Minister for Justice^[53]
• 1956  - Peter Chelsom, English film director, writer, and actor
• 1956  - Kakha Bendukidze, Georgian economist and politician (died 2014)^[54]
• 1958  - Viacheslav Fetisov, Russian ice hockey player and coach
• 1959  - Perry Haddock, Australian rugby league player^[55]
• 1960  - Debbie Flintoff-King, Australian hurdler and coach^[56]
• 1961  - Don Mattingly, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1961  - Konstantin Lavronenko, Russian actor
• 1963  - Rachel Whiteread, English sculptor
• 1964  - John Carney, American football player^[57]
• 1964  - Crispin Glover, American actor and filmmaker^[58]
• 1964  - Andy Serkis, English actor and director
• 1964  - Rosalynn Sumners, American figure skater^[59]
• 1965  - Kostis Chatzidakis, Greek politician, Ministry of Economy, Infrastructure, Shipping and Tourism
• 1965  - Léa Fazer, Swiss film director, screenwriter and actress
• 1965  - Mark Mallia, Maltese painter and sculptor (died 2024)^[60]
• 1966  - David Chalmers, Australian philosopher and academic
• 1966  - David Filo, American businessman, co-founded Yahoo!
• 1967 – Lara Jill Miller, American actress^[61]
• 1967  - Mike Portnoy, American drummer and songwriter^[62]
• 1968  - Julia Morris, Australian entertainer
• 1969  - Felix Baumgartner, Austrian daredevil (died 2025)^{[63] [64]}
• 1969  - Will Hodgman, Australian politician, 45th Premier of Tasmania^[65]
• 1970  - Shemar Moore, American actor^[66]
• 1971  - Allan Houston, American basketball player^[67]
• 1972  - Carmen Electra, American model and actress^[68]
• 1972  - Stephen Marley, Jamaican-American musician^[69]
• 1973  - Julie Powell, American food writer and memoirist (died 2022)^[70]
• 1974  - Randy Fine, American politician and former gambling industry executive^[71]
• 1975  - Killer Mike, American rapper^[72]
• 1978  - Carl Greenidge, English cricketer^[73]
• 1980  - Emma Husar, Australian politician^[74]
• 1983  - Miranda Kerr, Australian model^[75]
• 1984  - Harris Wittels, American comedian (died 2015)^[76]
• 1987  - Jorge Pinto, Portuguese politician^[77]
• 1988  - Brandon Belt, American baseball player^[78]
• 1989  - Vannesa Rosales, Venezuelan activist and teacher^[79]
• 1990  - Kyle Higashioka, American baseball player^[80]
• 1990  - Jason Behrendorff, Australian cricketer^[81]
• 1991  - Luke Kuechly, American football player^[82]
• 1997  - Alexander Zverev, German tennis player^[83]
• 2005  - Tallyn Da Silva, Australian rugby league player^[84]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 689  - Cædwalla, king of Wessex (born 659)^[85]
• 888  - Xi Zong, Chinese emperor (born 862)
• 1099  - Peter Bartholomew (born 1061)^[86]
• 1164  - Antipope Victor IV
• 1176  - Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, English-Irish politician, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (born 1130)
• 1248  - Güyük Khan, Mongol ruler, 3rd Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (born 1206)
• 1284  - Hōjō Tokimune, regent of Japan (born 1251)
• 1314  - Pope Clement V (born 1264)
• 1322  - Simon Rinalducci, Italian Augustinian friar
• 1344  - Gersonides, French Jewish philosopher, Talmudist, mathematician, physician, and astronomer (born 1288)^[87]
• 1502  - Mary of Looz-Heinsberg, Dutch noble (born 1424)^{[88] [89] [90] [91] [92]}
• 1521  - Zhengde, Chinese emperor (born 1491)
• 1534  - Elizabeth Barton, English nun and martyr (born 1506)
• 1558  - Johannes Bugenhagen, German priest and theologian (born 1485)

1601–1900

• 1643  - Christoph Demantius, German composer and poet (born 1567)
• 1703  - Lancelot Addison, English clergyman and educator (born 1632)
• 1769  - Chief Pontiac, American tribal leader (born 1720)
• 1831  - John Abernethy, English surgeon and anatomist (born 1764)
• 1873  - William Tite, English architect, designed the Royal Exchange (born 1798)
• 1874  - Alexander H. Bailey, American lawyer, judge, and politician (born 1817)
• 1881  - William Burges, English architect and designer (born 1827)
• 1886  - Charles-François-Frédéric, marquis de Montholon-Sémonville, French general and diplomat, French ambassador to the United States (born 1814)
• 1887  - Muhammad Sharif Pasha, Greek-Egyptian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Egypt (born 1826)
• 1899  - Joseph Wolf, German ornithologist and illustrator (born 1820)

1901–present

• 1902  - Joaquim de Sousa Andrade, Brazilian poet and educator (born 1833)
• 1912  - Bram Stoker, Anglo-Irish novelist and critic, created Count Dracula (born 1847)
• 1918  - Jussi Merinen, Finnish politician (born 1873)^[93]
• 1918  - Karl Ferdinand Braun, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1850)
• 1927  - Enrique Simonet, Spanish painter and educator (born 1866)
• 1929  - Prince Henry of Prussia (born 1862)
• 1931  - Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, 5th Baronet, Scottish-English fencer and businessman (born 1862)
• 1932  - Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician and philosopher (born 1858)
• 1935  - John Cameron, Scottish footballer and manager (born 1872)
• 1935  - Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, English fashion designer (born 1863)
• 1942  - Jüri Jaakson, Estonian businessman and politician, 6th State Elder of Estonia (born 1870)
• 1944  - Elmer Gedeon, American baseball player and pilot (born 1917)
• 1945  - Erwin Bumke, Polish-German jurist and politician (born 1874)
• 1946  - Mae Busch, Australian actress (born 1891)
• 1947  - Christian X of Denmark (born 1870)
• 1951  - Ivanoe Bonomi, Italian politician, 25th Prime Minister of Italy (born 1873)
• 1967  - Léo-Paul Desrosiers, Canadian journalist and author (born 1896)
• 1968  - Rudolph Dirks, German-American illustrator (born 1877)
• 1969  - Vjekoslav Luburić, Croatian Ustaše official and concentration camp administrator (born 1914)
• 1978  - Lord Richard Cecil, British soldier and journalist in the Rhodesian Bush War^[94]
• 1980  - M. Canagaratnam, Sri Lankan politician (born 1924)
• 1982  - Archibald MacLeish, American poet, playwright, and lawyer (born 1892)
• 1986  - Sibte Hassan, Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (born 1916)
• 1991  - Steve Marriott, English singer-songwriter and producer (born 1947)
• 1991  - Don Siegel, American director and producer (born 1912)
• 1992  - Marjorie Gestring, American springboard diver (born 1922)
• 1992  - Benny Hill, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (born 1924)
• 1993  - Cantinflas, Mexican actor, producer, and screenwriter (born 1911)
• 1995  - Milovan Đilas, Yugoslav communist, politician, theorist and author (born 1911)
• 1996  - Trần Văn Trà, Vietnamese general and politician (born 1918)
• 1999  - Rick Rude, American professional wrestler (born 1958)^{[95] [96]}
• 1999  - Rachel Scott, American victim of Columbine High School massacre (born 1981)^[97]
• 1999  - Cassie Bernall, American victim of Columbine High School massacre (born 1981)^[98]
• 2001  - Giuseppe Sinopoli, Italian conductor and composer (born 1946)
• 2002  - Alan Dale, American singer (born 1925)
• 2003  - Bernard Katz, German-English biophysicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911)
• 2004  - Lizzy Mercier Descloux, French musician, singer-songwriter, composer, actress, writer and painter (born 1956)
• 2005  - Fumio Niwa, Japanese journalist and author (born 1904)
• 2007  - Andrew Hill, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (born 1931)
• 2007  - Michael Fu Tieshan, Chinese bishop (born 1931)
• 2008  - Monica Lovinescu, Romanian journalist and author (born 1923)
• 2010  - Dorothy Height, American educator and activist (born 1912)
• 2011  - Tim Hetherington, English photographer and journalist (born 1970)
• 2012  - Bert Weedon, English guitarist and songwriter (born 1920)^[99]
• 2014  - Neville Wran, Australian politician, 35th Premier of New South Wales (born 1926)^[100]
• 2016  - Victoria Wood, British comedian, actress and writer (born 1953)
• 2018  - Avicii, Swedish DJ and musician (born 1989)^[101]
• 2021  - Idriss Déby, Chadian politician and military officer (born 1952)^[102]
• 2021  - Monte Hellman, American film director (born 1929)^[103]
• 2021  - Les McKeown, Scottish pop singer (born 1955)^[104]
• 2022  - Gavin Millar, Scottish film director (born 1938)^[105]
• 2024  - Antonio Cantafora, Italian film and television actor (born 1944)^[106]
• 2024  - Andrew Davis, English conductor (born 1944)^[107]
• 2024  - Roman Gabriel, Filipino-American NFL American footballer^[108]
• 2024  - Lourdes Portillo, Mexican film director, producer, and writer (born 1943)^[109]
• 2025  - Hugo Gatti, Argentine footballer (born 1944)^[110]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Agnes of Montepulciano^[111]
  • Beuno
  • Johannes Bugenhagen (Lutheran)
  • Theotimos
  • April 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• 420 (cannabis culture)^{[112] [113]}
• Evacuee Flag Day (Finland)^[114]
• UN Chinese Language Day (United Nations)^[115]

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on April 20

Notes and References

1. Mayer. Hans Eberhard. Studies in the History of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem. Hans E. Mayer . Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 1972. 26 . 169 . 10.2307/1291317 . 1291317 . subscription.
2. Book: Torgil Magnuson. Urban Transformation of Medieval Rome, 312-1420. 2004. Swedish Institute in Rome. 978-91-7042-167-9. 121.
3. Book: William Robison. Ronald H. Fritze. Historical Dictionary of Stuart England, 1603-1689. Greenwood Press. 1996. 9780313283918. 147.
4. Book: Manganiello . Stephen C . The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639-1660 . 2004 . Scarecrow Press . 978-0-8108-5100-9. 481.
5. Book: Quella-Villéger, Alain . 2012 . René Caillié, l'Africain: une vie d'explorateur, 1799–1838 . Aubéron . Anglet, France . 978-2-84498-137-0 . fr. 95 .
6. Pryor. Elizabeth Brown. Robert E. Lee's 'Severest Struggle'. American Heritage. Winter 2008 . April 20, 2019.
7. Book: Daniel, Clifton. Chronicle of America. Chronicle publication. 1989. 364. 0-13-133745-9.
8. Book: McCallum, Jack. Military Medicine: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century. Santa Barbara, Calif.. ABC-CLIO. 2008. 978-1-85109-693-0. 306.
9. Book: Cunneen, Chris. The best ever Australian Sports Writing. 2001. Black Inc.. Australia. 1-86395-266-7. 321. 19 February 2011.
10. Book: Rees, Jonathan. Ludlow Massacre. The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Business, Labor, and Economic History. Volume 1: Abra to Mutu. Dubofsky. Melvyn. Oxford, UK. Oxford University Press. 2013. 978-0-19-999304-8. 483–484.
11. Murfett . Malcolm H. . May 1991 . A Pyrrhic Victory: HMS Amethyst and the Damage to Anglo-Chinese Relations in 1949 . . en . 9 . 1 . 121–140 . 10.1179/072924791791202396 . 0729-2473.
12. Book: Anthony F Heath. Sin Yi Cheung. Shawna N. Smith. Unequal Chances: Ethnic Minorities in Western Labour Markets. 25 October 2007. OUP/British Academy. 978-0-19-726386-0. 512.
13. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-344C ZS-EUW Windhoek-Strijdom International Airport (WDH) . 2022-04-19 . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network.
14. Web site: Belcher . Jerry . April 21, 1985 . Animals Taken in ‘Rescue’ at Research Lab . Los Angeles Times . March 2, 2026.
15. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-230 HC-BSU Bogotá-Eldorado Airport (BOG) . 2019-04-17 . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network.
16. Web site: Vigdor . Neil . March 13, 2025 . Death Toll in 1999 Columbine School Shooting Climbs to 14 With Homicide Ruling . . April 20, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250410141149/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/13/us/columbine-school-shooting-death-toll.html . April 10, 2025.
17. Web site: Singapore . National Library Board . Nicoll Highway collapse . 2024-04-20 . www.nlb.gov.sg . en.
18. Web site: April 20, 2007 . Gunman kills hostage, self at NASA center . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230806205611/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna18233965 . August 6, 2023 . August 6, 2023 . . en.
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