| Dōjō | |
| Pic: | Dojo (Chinese characters).svg |
| Piccap: | "Dōjō" in kanji |
| Picupright: | 0.425 |
| Kanji: | 道場 |
| Romaji: | dōjō |
A is a hall or place for immersive learning, experiential learning, or meditation. This is traditionally in the field of martial arts. The term literally means "place of the Way" in Japanese.
The word dōjō originates from Buddhism. Dōjōs were often adjunct to temples and were formal training places for any of the Japanese arts ending in "-dō", from the Chinese Dao, meaning "way" or "path". Sometimes meditation halls where Zen Buddhists practice zazen meditation were called dōjō.[1]
The alternative term zen-do is more specific, and more widely used. European Sōtō Zen groups affiliated with the International Zen Association prefer to use dōjō instead of zendo to describe their meditation halls as did their founding master, Taisen Deshimaru.Other Buddhist traditions also sometimes met in private dōjōs which were not part of a temple. For example, the Jōdo Shinshū school initially began as networks of dōjōs where followers of all classes would meet. These were usually small buildings, often private residences turned into chapels for religious chanting of the nembutsu and other monthly services. Rather than complex altars, they used vertical scrolls with calligraphy as the main object of worship.[2]
In Japan, any facility for physical training, including professional wrestling, may be called a dōjō.[3] In the Western world, the term dōjō (when related to physical activity) is used exclusively for Japanese martial arts such as aikidō, jūdō, karate-dō, etc.[4]
A proper Japanese martial arts dōjō is considered special and is well cared for by its users. Shoes are not worn in a dōjō, which is in line with the Japanese custom to keep the premises clean and respectable. In many styles it is traditional to conduct a ritual cleaning (sōji; 掃除) of the dōjō at the beginning and/or end of each training session. Besides the obvious hygienic benefits of regular cleaning it also serves to reinforce the fact that dōjō are supposed to be supported and managed by the student body (or by special students, e.g., uchi-deshi). In some cases, the instructional staff may choose to help the students clean, as a sign of modesty, setting a personal example. In Modern Times, even when a school has a Dojo to train inside of, the training may sometimes be conducted outside, often in parks.
Many traditional dōjō follow a prescribed pattern with shomen (正面; "front") and various entrances that are used based on student and instructor rank laid out precisely. The Shomen is designated as a wall, usually in the North of the Dojo and facing the entrance.[5] Typically students will enter in the lower-left corner of the dōjō (in reference to the shomen) with instructors in the upper right corner. Shomen typically has a shelf attached to it. On the shelf would traditionally be presented a miniature Shintō shrine with a sculpture, flower arrangement, or other artifacts. Pictures of past Masters are generally found aside the shrine, and not on it. The term kamiza means "place of honor" and a related term, kamidana refers to the shrine itself. Other artifacts may be displayed throughout the dōjō, such as kanban (看板; signboard) that authorize the school in a style or strategy, and items such as taiko drums or armor (Ō-yoroi). It is not uncommon to find the name of the dōjō and the dōjō kun (roughly "dōjō rules") displayed prominently at shomen as well. Visitors may have a special place reserved, depending on their rank and station. Weapons and other training gear will normally be found on the back wall.
A honbu dōjō (本部道場) is the central training facility and administrative headquarters of a particular martial arts style.
Some well-known dōjō located in Japan are:
In Japan and other countries, there are additional names for training halls, that are equivalent to "dōjō". These include the following:
The term dōjō is also increasingly used for other forms of immersive-learning space.
The term dōjō is sometimes used to describe the meditation halls where Zen Buddhists practice zazen seated meditation.[1] The alternative term zen-do is more specific, and more widely used. European Sōtō Zen groups affiliated with the International Zen Association prefer to use dōjō instead of zendo to describe their meditation halls as did their founding master, Taisen Deshimaru.
The term 'Dojo' has been used for various software, digital learning applications and by related companies.[10] [11]
