| Hammond, Louisiana | |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Map Caption1: | Location of Louisiana in the United States |
| Pushpin Map: | Louisiana#USA |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Louisiana##Location in the United States |
| Pushpin Relief: | yes |
| Pushpin Label: | Hammond |
| Coordinates: | 30.5025°N -90.475°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Type2: | Parish |
| Subdivision Name2: | Tangipahoa |
| Established Title: | Settled |
| Established Date: | 1818 |
| Established Title1: | Chartered |
| Established Date1: | 1889[1] |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Pete Panepinto [2] |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Area Footnotes: | [3] |
| Area Total Km2: | 36.92 |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 14.25 |
| Area Land Km2: | 36.91 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 14.25 |
| Area Water Km2: | 0.01 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 0.00 |
| Elevation Ft: | 39 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 19584 |
| Population Density Km2: | 530.59 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | 1374.22 |
| Timezone1: | CST |
| Utc Offset1: | −6 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | CDT |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | −5 |
| Postal Code Type: | ZIP code |
| Postal Code: | 70401, 70403 |
| Area Code: | 985 |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 22-32755 |
| Blank1 Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank1 Info: | 2403788 |
| Website: | www.hammond.org |
Hammond is the largest city in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, United States, located 45miles east of Baton Rouge and 45miles northwest of New Orleans. Its population was 20,019 in the 2010 U.S. census, and 21,359 at the 2020 population estimates program.[4]
Hammond is home to Southeastern Louisiana University. It is the principal city of the Hammond metropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Tangipahoa Parish and is a part of the Baton Rouge-Hammond combined statistical area.[5]
The city is named for Peter Hammond (1798–1870), the surname anglicized from Peter av Hammerdal (Peter of Hammerdal) — a Swedish immigrant known as the first European settler, arriving around 1818. Peter, a sailor, had been briefly imprisoned by the British at Dartmoor Prison during the Napoleonic Wars. He escaped during a prison riot, made his way back to sea, and later reached New Orleans.
Hammond used his savings to buy then-inexpensive land northwest of Lake Pontchartrain. He developed a plantation to cultivate trees, which he made into masts, charcoal, and other products for the maritime industry in New Orleans. He transported the goods by oxcart to the head of navigation on the Natalbany River at Springfield. He held at least 30 enslaved African Americans before the Civil War. Hammond lost his wealth during the war, as Union soldiers raided his property.[6] [7]
In 1854, the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad (later the Illinois Central Railroad, now Canadian National Railway) came through the area, launching the town's emergence as a commercial and transport center. The point where the railroad met the trail to Springfield was at first known as Hammond's Crossing.
During the Civil War, the city was a shoe-making center for the Confederate States Army. Charles Emery Cate developed the shoe industry after buying land in the city in 1860 for his home, a shoe factory, a tannery, and a sawmill. Toward the end of the war, Cate laid out the town's grid, using the rail line as a guide and naming several of the streets after his sons. Also, Cate Street is named for him.
After the Civil War, light industry and commercial activities were attracted to the town. By the end of the 19th century, Hammond had become a stopping point for northern rail passengers traveling south and for New Orleanians heading north to escape seasonal summer yellow fever outbreaks. The city later became a shipping point for strawberries. A state historical plaque downtown marks it as "Strawberry Capital of America".[8]
In the 1920s, David William Thomas edited a weekly newspaper in Hammond prior to moving to Minden, the seat of Webster Parish. There, he was elected mayor in 1936.
In 1932, Hodding Carter founded the Hammond Daily Courier, which he left in 1939 to move to Greenville, Mississippi. The paper closed. Carter later received a Pulitzer Prize for his reporting on the Civil Rights Movement.
In 1944, the Tangipahoa Parish Library – Hammond branch was established.[9]
Since 1959, The Daily Star has been Hammond's locally published daily newspaper.
During World War II, the Hammond Airport (now Hammond Northshore Regional Airport) served as a detention camp for prisoners of war from Nazi Germany.
Additionally, the U.S. Army established and used the 15216acres Hammond Bombing and Gunnery Range east of the city. In the early 21st century, Army Corps of Engineers searched for remaining explosives in this area.[10]
Today, Hammond is intersected by Interstates 12 and 55. Its airport has a long runway which serves as a backup landing site for Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport. It is also a major training site for the Louisiana Army National Guard, and the home base for the Louisiana Air National Guard's 236th Combat Communications Squadron.
About 15miles south of the city, on both the railroad and I–55, lies Port Manchac, which provides egress via Lake Pontchartrain to the Gulf of Mexico. The combination of highway-rail-air-sea transportation has transformed modern Hammond from a strawberry capital to a transportation capital. The city hosts numerous warehouses and is a distribution point for Walmart and other major businesses. Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond offers the state's only academic degree in supply chain management.
In 1953, John Desmond opened the first architectural firm in Hammond. He was chief architect of the Tangipahoa Parish School Board for some two decades before he relocated to Baton Rouge.[11]
Among the city's cultural resources is the Tangipahoa African American Heritage Museum. This is one of the destinations on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail. Southeastern took over the Columbia Theatre in the designated Hammond Historic District to use as a downtown cultural venue. The former movie theater was constructed in 1928 and renovated by the university in the 1990s for $5.6 million.
On August 29, 2021, Hammond suffered a direct strike by the eastern eyewall of Hurricane Ida. It dropped more than of rain, and caused severe flash flooding, and significant wind damage.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.8sqmi, of which 12.8sqmi is land and 0.08% is water.
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Hammond has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps.[12]
| Number | Percentage | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 8,584 | 43.83% | |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 8,865 | 45.27% | |
| Native American | 62 | 0.32% | |
| Asian | 327 | 1.67% | |
| Pacific Islander | 6 | 0.03% | |
| Other/Mixed | 693 | 3.54% | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1,047 | 5.35% |
Hammond has suffered from exceptionally high crime rates for many years.[13] Louisiana has been ranked the #1 most violent state in the United States,[14] and Hammond is ranked as the fifth most violent city in the state based on crimes per capita.[15]
The Greater St. James African Methodist Episcopal Church is listed on The National Register of Historic Places. The church was formed in 1867 by pastor Charles Daggs. Daggs was a former slave who served with the Union navy during the American Civil War. The present church building at 311 East Michigan Street was designed by architect Alexander Cornelius Evans, and completed in 1925 by builder John Noble on land purchased by Israel Carter and Albert Gibson.[16]
Tangipahoa African American Heritage Museum is located here.
The Southeastern Louisiana Lions sports teams use multiple venues in Hammond.
Chappapeela Sports Park hosts American football, baseball, basketball, lacrosse, soccer, softball and volleyball.[17]
There are a few public parks in Hammond including Cate Square park, Zemurray Park, North Oaks Park, Mooney Avenue Park, Clarke Park, Martin Luther King Park, Jackson Park, and Hammond Dreamland Park. There is a public pool located at Zemurray Park. In addition to youth recreational sports and camps, there are adult flag football, basketball, kickball, and volleyball leagues. Other programs are available for adults including Line Dancing, Zumba, and Crafting.[18]
Southeastern Louisiana University (SLU), based in Hammond, is one of the state's regional universities and one of the city's largest employers. It was established in 1925 through the efforts of the educator Linus A. Sims, then principal of Hammond High School. The city is also home to Northshore Technical Community College. There are also two vocational colleges in the city, Petra College[19] and Compass Career College,[20] both of which offer allied health and medical certifications.
The city's public schools are part of the Tangipahoa Parish School System and include Hammond High Magnet School, Hammond Junior High, Eastside Elementary, Westside Elementary, SLU Laboratory School, and Crystal Academy (an alternative school).
The Catholic Church operates two schools in Hammond: Holy Ghost Catholic School (pre-kindergarten through 8th grades) and Saint Thomas Aquinas High School. Trafton Academy (pre-K through 8th) and Oaks Montessori School (pre-K through 8th) are private schools.
Hammond is served by five police agencies:
North Oaks Medical Center is one of the largest hospitals in Louisiana and serve the teaching needs of Southeastern Louisiana University's College of Nursing and Health Sciences.
The southbound and northbound City of New Orleans stop daily at Hammond station.
Interstates:
U.S. highways:
State highways:
Hammond Northshore Regional Airport is a general aviation airport. The Louisiana Army National Guard, and 236th Combat Communications Squadron of the Louisiana Air National Guard, are stationed here. In March 2024, the NEXRAD radar from Slidell was moved to the airport and now provides coverage in between Lake Charles and Mobile with the call ID of KHDC.[22]
