Haripuñjaya Explained

Native Name:
Conventional Long Name:Haripuñjaya/Hariphunchai
Common Name:Haribhuñjaya, Hariphunchai, Haripunjaya
Era:Post-classical
Event Start:Legendary founding of Haripuñjaya by Suthep
Date Start:629
Event End:Besieged and captured by Ngoenyang
Date End:1281
Life Span:629–1281
Event1:More probable founding of Haripuñjaya
Date Event1:750
P1:Dvaravati
P2:Lavo KingdomLopburi
S1:Ngoenyang
Image Map Caption:Mainland Southeast Asia in 1100 CE
Capital:Haripuñjaya (Lamphun)
Common Languages:Mon, Pali, Lawa, Northern Thai
Religion:Buddhism (Theravada, Mahayana)
Government Type:Mandala kingdom
Leader1:Camadevi (Jamadevi)
Year Leader1:662-669, or 662-679, or 659-688
Leader2:Yip (Yi Ba)
Year Leader2:c. 1281
Title Leader:Monarch

Haripuñjaya[1] [2] [3] (Central and Northern Thai: Thai: หริภุญชัย, also spelled Haribhuñjaya) was a Mon kingdom in what is now Northern Thailand, existing from the 7th or 8th to 13th century CE. Its capital was at Lamphun, which at the time was also called Haripuñjaya.[4] In 1292 the city was besieged and captured by Mangrai of the Tai kingdom of Lan Na.[4]

The kingdom is referred to as K'un-lun in ancient Chinese records.[5]

Founding

According to the Camadevivamsa, Jinakalamali and Singhanavati chronicles, the city was founded between 629–57 AD by four hermits named Suthep, Sukatanata, Tapanana, and Chantasikatungka. Hermit Sukatanata requested the Mon ruler of the Lavo Kingdom (present-day Lopburi) to send his daughter, Jamadevi, to become the first queen of the city.[6] However, this date is now considered too early, and the actual beginning is placed at around 750 AD. At that time, most of what is now central Thailand was under the rule of various Mon city-states, known collectively as the Dvaravati kingdom. Queen Jamadevi gave birth to twins, the older succeeding her as the ruler of Lamphun, and the younger becoming ruler of neighboring Lampang.

The local legend said that at the beginning of her reign, Haripuñjaya's Jamadevi defeated the Lawa dynasty's Khun Luang Wilangka, the 13th king of Raming Nakhon (Thai: ระมิงค์นคร, present [[Chiang Mai]][7]), but her 2 princes married the 2 princesses of King Vilanga and both dynasties became allies.[8]

Flourishing and downfall

In the twelfth century, during the reign of King Adityaraja, who, together with his brother Chadachota (Thai: จันทรโชติ), were previously princes of Suphannabhum but fled to Haripuñjaya after the kingdom was annexed by Lavo of Tambralinga's prince Kampoch,[9] came into conflict with the Khmers who took over Lavo from Tambralinga in 1002. Adityaraja, with an assist from Suphannabhum,[9] annexed Lavo in 1052 and appointed his brother, Chadachota, the king of Lavo. This marked the end of Khmer influence in the Menam Valley.[10] Lamphun inscriptions from 1213, 1218, and 1219, mention King Sabbadhisiddhi endowing Buddhist monuments.[4]

The chronicles say that Austroasiatic-speaking people, possibly Kuy people and/or Lawa people, from the northern polity of Umongasela (Thai: อุโมงคเสลา) in the present-day Fang unsuccessfully besieged Haripuñjaya several times during the 10th–11th century. In 957, due to such invasions, a Haripuñjaya noble named Aphai Kamini (Thai: อภัยคามินี) went south and refounded Sukhothai, which previously was abandoned around the 6th century.[11]

The early 13th century was a golden time for Haripuñjaya, as the chronicles talk only about religious activities or constructing buildings, not about wars. Nevertheless, Haripuñjaya was besieged in 1292 by the Tai Yuan king Mangrai, who incorporated it into his Lan Na ("One Million Rice Fields") kingdom. The plan set up by Mangrai to overpower Haripuñjaya began by dispatching Ai Fa (th|อ้ายฟ้า) on an espionage mission to create chaos in Haripuñjaya. Ai Fa managed to spread discontent among the population, which weakened Haripuñjaya and made it possible for Mangrai to take the kingdom over.[12] [13] [14] [15] Phraya Yi Ba, the last king of Haripuñjaya, was forced to flee south to Lampang.[4]

List of rulers

Names of monarchs of the Haripuñjaya kingdom according to Tamnan Hariphunchai (History of Kingdom of Haripuñjaya):

  1. Camadevi (662-669)
  2. Hanayos (669-749), son of the previous[16]
  3. Kumanjaraj (749-789), son of the previous.[16]
  4. Rudantra (789-816), son of the previous.[16]
  5. Sonamanjusaka (816-846)[16]
  6. Samsara (846-856), son of the previous.[16]
  7. Padumaraj (856-886)[16]
  8. Kusadeva (886-894)[16]
  9. Nokaraj
  10. Dasaraj
  11. Gutta
  12. Sera
  13. Yuvaraj
  14. Brahmtarayo
  15. Muksa
  16. Traphaka (924–927)[16]
  17. Uchitajakraphad, King of Lavo (927–930)[16]
  18. Kampol (930–951)[16]
  19. Jakaphadiraj, King of Atikuyaburi or Jinghong (951–960)[16]
  20. Vasudev
  21. Yeyyala
  22. Maharaj, King of Lampang
  23. Sela
  24. Kanjana
  25. Chilanka
  26. Phunthula
  27. Ditta
    1. Chettharaj Jeyakaraj
  28. Phatijjaraj
  29. Thamikaraj
  30. Ratharaj
  31. Saphasith
  32. Chettharaj
  33. Jeyakaraj
  34. Datvanyaraj
  35. Ganga
  36. Siribun
  37. Uthen
  38. Phanton
  39. Atana
  40. Havam
  41. Trangal (1195-1196)
  42. Yotta (1196-1270)
  43. Yip (1270-1292)

References

Notes and References

  1. Book: Robert L. Brown . The Dvāravatī Wheels of the Law and the Indianization of South East Asia . Brill . 1996.
  2. Book: Donald K. Swearer . Sommai Premchit . The Legend of Queen Cāma: Bodhiraṃsi's Cāmadevīvaṃsa, a Translation and Commentary . State University of New York Press . 1998.
  3. Book: David K. Wyatt . Thailand: A Short History . 2nd . Silkworm Press . 2004 . 15, 21, 24–26, 34–37.
  4. Book: Coedès, George. George Coedès

    . George Coedès. Walter F. Vella. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. 1968. University of Hawaii Press. 978-0-8248-0368-1.

  5. The Early Syam in Burma's History. https://web.archive.org/web/20240701080246/https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/1958/03/JSS_046_2b_Luce_EarlySyamInBurmasHistory.pdf. dead. 2024-07-01. Luce, G.H.. Journal of the Siam Society. 46. 1958. 123–213.
  6. Multiple sources:
    • Bhamorabutra, Abha (1981). Muang boran nai prathet Thai: Chabap phasa angkrit เมืองโบราณในประเทศไทย (ฉบับภาษาอังกฤษ) [Ancient cities in Thailand (English Edition)]. Bangkok: n.p. pp. 17-18.
    • Praphatthong, Songsri (1993). Pranitsin Thai ประณีตศิลป์ไทย [On Thai Art] (In Thai). Bangkok: The Thailand Office of National Museums, The Fine Arts Department. p. 162.
    • Kanchabakhom, Pricha (1989). "เมืองหริภญไชย," Naeothang suksa borannakhadi แนวทางศึกษาโบราณคดี [Guidelines for the Study of Archaeology] (in Thai). Nakhon Prathom: Faculty of Archeology, Silpakorn University. หน้า 95.
    • Phra Phothirangsi, and the Royal Society of Siam (eds). (2473). Chammathewiwong phongsawadan muang Hariphunchai thang pasa Pali lae kham plae จามเทวีวงษ์ พงศาวดารเมืองหริภุญไชย ทั้งภาษาบาลีและคำแปล [Chronicle of Queen Cham, Chronicle of Haripunjaya composed in Pali and Translation] (in Thai). Translated in Thai by Phraya Pariyattithammathada (Phae Talalak); Phra Yanawichit (Sit Lotchananon). Bangkok: n.p.
      • Ibid. จามเทวีวงษ์ ปริเฉท 2. pp. 23–52.
      • Ibid. จามเทวีวงษ์ ปริเฉท 3. pp. 53–76.
  7. Web site: ตำนานขุนหลวงวิลังคะ กษัตริย์องค์ที่ 13 แห่งระมิงค์นคร (เชียงใหม่ปัจจุบัน) ที่ไม่สมหวังในความรัก. https://archive.today/20241107185158/https://www.chiangmainews.co.th/page/archives/742425. dead. 2024-11-07. 28 June 2018. 8 November 2024. th. The legend of King Luang Wilangka, the 13th king of Raming Nakhon (present-day Chiang Mai) who was unsuccessful in love.. www.chiangmainews.co.th.
  8. Dvaravati Civilization Footprints, Its Maximus Creeds and Cultures in Siam Suvarnbhumi, Ancient Thailand. Thanutchaporn Ketkong. Supat Chaiwan. 2021. 1. 1. Global Interactive Journal of World Religions and Cultures. 28–41.
  9. Book: Thepthani, Phra Borihan. Thai National Chronicles: the history of the nation since ancient times. 1953. 5 November 2023. th. 5 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231105023428/http://www.car.chula.ac.th/rarebook/book2/clra53_0235/mobile/index.html#p=1. S. Thammasamakkhi. 30.
  10. Web site: Yonok Chronicle. 1936. 16 December 2024. th.
  11. Web site: พงศาวดารชาติไทย: ความเป็นมาของชาติแต่บยุคดึกดำบรรพ์. th. Maha Weerawong. Office of Academic Resources, Chulalongkorn University. 8 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240308160215/https://www.car.chula.ac.th/rarebook/book2/clra53_0231/mobile/index.html. 1953.
  12. Web site: Chiang Mai : Nop Buri Si Nakhon Ping. Ministry of Education. 1 January 2002. 26 February 2021.
  13. Web site: The Chiang Mai Chronicle / Summary . 26 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210930030204/http://eagle.orgfree.com/Outdoors/6825/archive/cc.html . 30 September 2021 . dead.
  14. Book: Janos Jany. 288. Legal Traditions in Asia: History, Concepts and Laws. 8 April 2020. Springer . 9783030437282. 26 February 2021.
  15. Web site: Lanna. 26 February 2021.
  16. Web site: Jinakalamali. https://web.archive.org/web/20250130045009/https://www.finearts.go.th/storage/contents/file/CZBhv0xayi8Cl0A9KlXeDVNQ4oGJSzpQqiOb6mVr.pdf . th. 30 January 2025. 30 January 2025 .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Haripuñjaya".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2026, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.