Hwasa Explained

Hwasa
Birth Name:Ahn Hye-jin
Birth Date:23 July 1995
Birth Place:Jeonju, North Jeolla, South Korea
Signature:Signature mamamoo hwasa.png
Signature Alt:Signature of Hwasa
Module:
Embed:yes
Instrument:Vocals
Years Active:2014–present
Current Member Of:Mamamoo
Past Member Of:Refund Sisters
Module2:
Child:yes
Headercolor:transparent
Hangul:%안혜진
Hanja:安惠眞
Hangulstage:%_화사
Hanjastage:華莎

Ahn Hye-jin (; born July 23, 1995), known professionally by her stage name Hwasa (; sometimes stylized as Hwa Sa), is a South Korean singer, songwriter, and television personality. She rose to prominence as a member of the girl group Mamamoo in 2014. In February 2019, she made her solo debut with the song "Twit" which topped the Circle Digital Chart and won a Gaon Chart Music Award.

In 2020, Hwasa debuted as part of the Refund Sisters with the single "Don't Touch Me", which reached number one in South Korea. In 2020, she released her EP, María, which charted at number five in her home country, while its lead single "María" peaked at number two on the Gaon Chart, earning her a Golden Disc and Mnet Asian Music Award. In 2023, Hwasa left RBW and signed with P Nation, releasing her second digital single, "I Love My Body", which reached the top-ten of the Circle Digital Chart and Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart in the United States.

Name

The stage name "Hwasa" (Korean: 화사) is derived from the adjective . In Hanja, her birth name "" is written as "" meaning "Grace in Truth".[1]

Early life

Ahn Hye-jin was born on July 23, 1995, in Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea,[2] [3] where she lived with her parents and two elder sisters. She graduated from Wonkwang Information Arts High School.[4] Hwasa often cites Beyoncé as her music inspiration, stating that after hearing someone say that she was unique and good at singing but was fat and not pretty, she went home and watched videos of Beyoncé performing all night to comfort herself.[5]

Even before her K-pop debut, a number of South Korean artists – including artist Solbi and the band Standing Egg – recognized her talent and featured her on their tracks when she was 18.[6]

Career

2014–2019: Debut with Mamamoo and launch of solo career

Hwasa debuted as a member of the girl group Mamamoo on June 19, 2014, being one of the leading voices with the release of the lead single "Mr. Ambiguous" from their first extended play (EP) Hello. She wrote and composed her first solo song, "My Heart/I Do Me", from Hello.[7]

In March 2018, Hwasa released her second solo song, "Be Calm", as part of Mamamoo's sixth EP, Yellow Flower.[8] The music video for the song was uploaded on March 25, 2018, and gained 7.9 million views as of August 2022.[9] "Be Calm" charted at number 35 on the Gaon Download Chart. In April 2018, Hwasa joined the cast of KBS reality television show Hyena on the Keyboard; the appearance spawned a collaboration with rapper Loco titled "Don't". Hwasa took part in writing and composing the song, and it topped the South Korean's Gaon Digital Chart.[10] "Don't" was later certified Platinum for 100 million streams in January 2019 and again for 2.5 million downloads in August 2019.[11] [12]

In February 2019, Hwasa made her debut as a solo artist with the digital single, "Twit", which she participated in writing and composing.[13] The song was a commercial success, peaking atop the Gaon Digital Chart and scored a "Triple Crown", topping the Gaon Digital, Gaon Download and Gaon Streaming charts.[14] "Twit" also peaked at number three on Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart for the week of March 2, 2019.[15] Hwasa released the single "In the Fall", a collaboration with South Korean hip-hop producer Woogie, in October.[16] In December, "Twit" was featured in Billboard "The 25 Best K-pop Songs of 2019: Critics' Pick" list at number 8[17] and in Refinery29s list of "The Best K-Pop Songs of 2019" at number 13.[18] Its music video was also included in Rolling Stone India's article of the "10 Best K-pop Music Videos of 2019".[19]

2020: María

In March 2020, Hwasa collaborated with English singer Dua Lipa for a remix of Lipa's song "Physical", featuring Korean lyrics.[20] [21] In April, it was reported that Hwasa had joined the original soundtrack lineup of the Korean drama and would be releasing her first solo soundtrack song, titled "Orbit".[22] [23] The song debuted at number 16 on Billboard World Digital Song Sales Chart on May 2, 2020.[24]

On June 29, Hwasa released her debut EP, titled María, and the lead single of the same name.[25] The EP debuted at number seven on the Billboard World Albums chart and peaked at number eighty-one on the Billboard Top Current Albums Sales charts on July 11, 2020.[26] [27] Lead single "María" was composed by Hwasa and producer Park Woo-sang with the goal of showing her growth as a singer-songwriter. Hwasa also wrote the lyrics for "LMM" and composed "Why".[28] For the week of September 26, 2020, "María" peaked at number two on Billboard K-pop Hot 100 and on the week of October 3, 2020, it peaked at number 79 on Billboard Japan Hot 100.[29] [30] "María" also debuted at number six on the Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart.[31]

On season six of JTBC's entertainment show Hidden Singer, Hwasa was one of the contestants for the episode airing on September 11, 2020. In the final round, Hwasa won by an overwhelming 79 votes, which ended the four consecutive losing streaks from previous contestants and earned the singer her second win as an original singer of the season.[32] Hwasa joined the cast of MBC reality-variety show How Do You Play? On October 10, she debuted with Refund Sisters, the project supergroup created through Hangout with Yoo. The group released their debut single, "Don't Touch Me".[33] "Don't Touch Me" peaked atop the Gaon Digital Chart for two consecutive weeks.[34] [35]

At the end of 2020, Billboard named "María" the song with the second-most weeks inside the K-pop Hot 100 top 10 during the course of the year—charting for 19 consecutive weeks,[36] while Spotify ranked Hwasa number 4 in their "2020 Most Played Female Korean K-pop Artist" list.[37] "María" was ranked 2nd in Rolling Stone Indias list of 20 Best K-pop Music Videos of the year[38] and 27th in Papers list of best K-pop song list of 40 Best K-pop Songs of 2020. The article mentioned that "Hwasa is known to many as a fearless person but her single 'María' deconstructs that image, casting an image of a young woman who is at once vulnerable and confident, playful and seductive—idol and human."[39] In Time magazine's article documenting K-pop songs and albums that defined the year, the publication wrote "of the solo releases [the] year, Hwasa's "María" leaves the most searing impression".[40] With her success, Hwasa ranked ninth on the "Top 100 Kpop Idols YouTube Worldwide Search Rankings for 2020".[41]

2021–present: Departure from RBW, further solo releases, Twits and "Good Goodbye"

On July 23, 2021, Hwasa launched her YouTube channel, "Hwasa Official" and posted her first video.[42] On November 24, she released her single album Guilty Pleasure, and its lead single "I'm a B".[43]

On July 16, 2022, it was announced that Hwasa will collaborate on a new single "Somebody" with Loco, which was released on July 25.[44] [45] On December 8, Hwasa released "Just Talking to Myself", the first soundtrack for her variety program the Hwasa Show aired on tvN.[46] On December 20, she released the show's second soundtrack volume, "Grey Christmas".[47] In March 2023, it was revealed that Hwasa would be a part of Dancing Queens on the Road, a twelve-episode television variety show aired on tvN, along with Kim Wan-sun, Uhm Jung-hwa, Lee Hyori and BoA.[48] On June 27, it was announced that Hwasa would be leaving RBW after ten years,[49] she signed with P Nation on June 30 while guesting at Psy's Summer Swag concert.[50] On September 6, Hwasa released her second digital single, I Love My Body, which reached the top-ten of the Circle Digital Chart and Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart in the United States.[51] [52] On October 4, Hwasa released "Chili", a digital single for the Mnet show Street Woman Fighter 2.[53]

On March 12, 2024, Hwasa's official fandom name "Twits" was announced. She then announced she would be holding her first tour, titled "Twits", in Seoul, Hong Kong, Taipei and Singapore.[54] On September 19, Hwasa released her second mini album O with the title track "Na".[55] On November 14, she released the track "Star".[56]

In March 2025, Hwasa opened her North American leg of the tour with shows in Seattle, Oakland, Los Angeles, Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, Washington D.C, Brooklyn, Boston, Toronto and Chicago.[57] She continued her tour with a show in Bangkok in August and another in Kaohsiung in September.[58]

On October 15, Hwasa released "Good Goodbye" and its music video starring actor Park Jeong-min.[59] The single charted in the top 10 of all major domestic music charts.[60] A month after its release, the song achieved multiple Real Time All-Kill (RAK) and soon received a Perfect all-kill (PAK).[61] [62] [63] The song reached #32 on the Billboard Global 200.[64] It also became the first song to chart #1 on the Billboard Korea Hot 100 chart after its launch.[65] [66] The track soon secured its place as the song with the second-most PAKs of all time, and the song with the most PAKs by a soloist.[67]

Impact and influence

Hwasa has appeared on Korea Power Celebrity 40 list placing 26th in 2019,[68] and was featured by Forbes in their 30 Under 30 Asia list of 2021.[69] She was ranked as the 16th most popular K-pop idol in 2018 and 9th in 2019 in annual surveys conducted by Gallup Korea.[70] Also, she was ranked 9th in annual survey for Gallup Korea's Singer of the Year in 2020 under the category selected by respondents in age group 13 to 39.[71] [72] She also has been placed first occasionally on the Korean Business Research Institute's monthly "Individual Girl Group Members Brand Power Ranking".[73] [74] [75] [76]

Hwasa's appearances on the reality shows I Live Alone and Let's Eat Dinner Together have been credited for influencing restaurant habits, food recipes and increased sales of foods and related accessories in South Korea.[77]

In 2025, Hwasa generated significant viral attention for her performance of "Good Goodbye" at the 46th Blue Dragon Film Awards, where she appeared on stage with actor Park Jeong-min. She performed barefoot while Park held a pair of red shoes, mirroring the music video and creating a moment that spread widely across social media. Korean media noted the strong chemistry and storytelling in the performance, calling it another example of the "Hwasa effect", a term used to describe how her stages and appearances often become widely discussed and influential.[78]

Sungkyunkwan university report

In May 2023, the Student and Parent Human Rights Protection Coalition of Sungkyunkwan University filed a police report against Hwasa for public indecency over sexually suggestive dance moves performed at a festival.[79] [80] The complaint escalated to a criminal investigation, but Hwasa was acquitted by police in October, who determined there was insufficient evidence for criminal charges.[81]

Other ventures

Ambassadorship

Hwasa was chosen as the promotional model and ambassador for the 2021 Lifeplus JTBC Seoul Marathon.[82] In 2025, she was named a promotional ambassador for the Korea Brand & Entertainment Expo (KBEE) 2025 New York, alongside Taemin and actress Ha Ji-won.[83]

Endorsements

In November 2017, Hwasa was selected as a model for LG gaming computers.[84] In August 2018, she became the model for Subway's new menu item, "Handmade Rotisserie Chicken series" alongside Bigman.[85] In September 2018, she was selected as an ambassador for outdoor brand The North Face.[86] In October 2018, she became the first female model for Lotte Crunky Gold candy bars since its release in 1984.[87] In December 2018, she was chosen as the model for NE Neungyule's TOEIC brand Tomato TOEIC.[88]

In February 2019, Hwasa was selected as the brand model for Meat Bank's food brand Hwajakaya.[89] In March 2019, she became an endorser for Davich's 'Trevues' lenses.[90] In March 2019, Coca-Cola's ice tea brand Gold Peak Tea selected Hwasa as their new model.[91] She then became the newest muse for makeup brand Rarekind in April 2019.[92] In June 2019, Hwasa became the new model for Everland Caribbean Bay.[93] Hwasa later on was featured on the cover of Cosmopolitan Korea's August 2019 issue.[94] In November, she teamed up with Vogue magazine and Urban Decay cosmetics for their "Pretty Different" and "Queen" inspired concepts.[95] [96] The same month, Ottogi revealed that their newest model for their Jjamppong instant noodles was Hwasa.[97]

In January 2020, The Sims 4 announced that Hwasa would be part of their advertising campaign. EA Korea released "Play With Life", a Sims 4 commercial film video featuring Hwasa.[98] She then teamed up with MCM for the February issue of Elle Korea, a fashion magazine.[99] In February of that year, Hwasa was chosen as an ambassador for sports brand Adidas.[100] [101] Hwasa later on became Kiss New York's new muse in April,[102] and the following month, she was chosen as a model for Lotte Chilsung Beverage's hangover relief drink "Kkaesukang".[103] In June, she was selected as the model for the sleep essentials brand Sense Mom.[104] Hwasa was featured on the cover of Cosmopolitan Korea's August 2020 issue.[105] Tommy Jeans released a campaign pictorial with Hwasa on September 16 for the 2020 Fall Season.[106] In September, Vogue and Gucci had a collaboration campaign from the idea of having time with themselves.[107]

In 2021, Hwasa was featured in Vogue's February 2021 issue.[108] In March, she was featured in a video released to commemorate the opening of the Dolce & Gabbana Seoul Boutique.[109] Throughout the year, she continued to feature in various magazines including W Korea with Burberry in March, Harper's Bazaar with Louis Vuitton in April, Vogue Japan with Dolce & Gabbana in July and W Korea with Dolce & Gabbana in November.[110] [111] [112] [113] In December, she was selected as the model for CityLabs debut game Taego M (MMORPG).[114]

In April 2022, Hwasa was selected as the model for Ash shoes.[115] In September, Hwasa together with Exo's Kai became brand ambassadors for the South Korean health and beauty brand, Olive Young.[116] [117] The duo's nationwide campaign started on September 15 as featured on the company's social media.[118] [119] [120]

In 2023, Hwasa teamed up with Louis Vuitton for the February issue of Marie Claire.[121] In March, she was selected as the model for Ottogi's Jin Bibimmyeon.[122] She went on to attend a few fashion shows and events including Ferragamo's photo call event for their Spring/Summer 2023 collection in March, the Louis Vuitton Women's Pre-Fall show in April, the 75th Bvlgari Serpanti Anniversary event in June, the Diesel Spring/Summer Fashion show at Milan in September and the Valentino L'école Collection Fashion show at Paris in October.[123] [124] [125] [126] [127]

In August 2025, Hwasa was selected as the brand model for the "R.E.D Blemish Clear Soothing Active Essence" by the dermocosmetic brand Dr. G.[128]

Discography

See main article: Hwasa discography.

See also: Mamamoo discography.

Extended plays

Filmography

Television shows

YearTitleRoleNotes
2017King of Mask SingerContestantEpisodes 111–112 as "Follow Me Aerobics Girl"[130]
2018Hyena on the KeyboardProducerEpisodes 7–8[131]
2018–2022I Live AloneRegular cast[132]
2020Hangout with YooRegular castEpisodes 56–68 as a part of Refund Sisters (Sil Bi)[133]
Hidden SingerContestant[134]
2022Hwasa ShowHost[135]
2023Dancing Queens on the RoadCast Member[136]
2024Moving Voices In Spain[137]
BodymentarySBS special [138]
2025Krazy Rich KoreanCastEps 4–5[139]

Web shows

YearTitleRoleNotes
2020Yeoeunpa (Ladies Secret Party)CastDigital spin-off of MBC's I Live Alone[140]
2022Saturday Night Live KoreaHostSeason 2 – Episode 8[141]

Host

YearTitleNotes
2018Happy Together Season 4Special Host, Episode 8[143]
20192019 MBC Entertainment Awardswith P.O and Jun Hyun-moo[144]

Tours and concerts

See main article: List of Hwasa live performances.

See also: List of Mamamoo concert tours.

Awards and nominations

See main article: List of awards and nominations received by Hwasa.

See also: List of awards and nominations received by Mamamoo.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Lee . Jun-hee . 화사, 본명 아닌 예명? 뜻보니… '불화에 죽을사인줄' . 이비엔(EBN)뉴스센터 . September 26, 2019 . ko . December 2, 2025.
  2. Web site: ko:화사 프로필. http://people.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&query=%ED%99%94%EC%82%AC&sm=ppl_cts&ie=utf8&key=PeopleService&os=1727126. Naver. ko. March 23, 2017. February 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200218184723/http://people.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&query=%ED%99%94%EC%82%AC&sm=ppl_cts&ie=utf8&key=PeopleService&os=1727126. live.
  3. Web site: ko:My Name, 마마무 (1). http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/283703. Ten Asia. ko. July 15, 2014. December 13, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141213121016/http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/283703. dead.
  4. Web site: ko:경희실용음악학원 합격생 명단은 신뢰할 수 있습니다.. http://khmusic.co.kr/about/notice.php?page=1&mode=view&PGn=16&iKeyNum=1&strSkin=notice&pgCode=&SVALUE=YToyOntzOjg6ImtleWZpZWxkIjtzOjc6InN1YmplY3QiO3M6Mzoia2V5IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==. KH Music. ko. March 23, 2017. March 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200305203522/http://khmusic.co.kr/about/notice.php?page=1&mode=view&PGn=16&iKeyNum=1&strSkin=notice&pgCode=&SVALUE=YToyOntzOjg6ImtleWZpZWxkIjtzOjc6InN1YmplY3QiO3M6Mzoia2V5IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ. live.
  5. Web site: MAMAMOO Hwasa Reveals Beyonce As Her Source Of Inspiration During Childhood. Kpop Reporter K-pop breaking news and gossip. en-us. Reporter. Kpop. February 25, 2021. August 1, 2021. August 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210801173331/https://www.kpopreporter.com/articles/3952/mamamoo-hwasa-reveals-beyonce-source-inspiration-during-childhood. live.
  6. Web site: ko:Standing egg - 넌 이별 난 아직. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlEdKi8MYBs. YouTube. November 22, 2010. March 18, 2020. February 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200206115852/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlEdKi8MYBs&feature=youtu.be. live.
  7. Web site: ko:NAVER VIBE(바이브). https://vibe.naver.com/track/4284580. vibe.naver.com. ko. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321135212/https://vibe.naver.com/track/4284580. live.
  8. Web site: ko:'D-Day' 마마무, 오늘(7일) 신곡 '별이 빛나는 밤' 음원 공개 ('D-Day' Today (March 7), Mamamoo's new song "Starry Night" released) (in Korean). https://sports.chosun.com/news/news.htm?id=201803080100048040003306&ServiceDate=20180307. Sports Chosun. March 7, 2018. January 6, 2021. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108130342/https://sports.chosun.com/news/news.htm?id=201803080100048040003306&ServiceDate=20180307. live.
  9. Web site: ko:[MV] 화사(Hwa Sa) - 덤덤해지네 (Be Calm). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kgV7Hrb-1c. YouTube. March 25, 2018. January 6, 2021. March 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180325140201/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kgV7Hrb-1c&gl=US&hl=en. live.
  10. Web site: ko:주지마. http://www.melon.com/song/detail.htm?songId=31035061&ref=etc&snsGate=Y. www.melon.com. ko. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321184901/https://www.melon.com/song/detail.htm?songId=31035061&ref=etc&snsGate=Y. live.
  11. Web site: Gaon Certifications - Streaming. Gaon Music Chart. January 6, 2021. December 31, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191231144609/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/certification/list.gaon?serviceGbn=S1040. live.
  12. Web site: Gaon Certification - Download. Gaon Music Chart. January 6, 2021. March 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200312025022/http://www.gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/certification/list.gaon?serviceGbn=S1020. live.
  13. Web site: ko:멍청이(twit). http://www.melon.com/song/detail.htm?songId=31608765. www.melon.com. ko. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321184903/https://www.melon.com/song/detail.htm?songId=31608765. live.
  14. Web site: ko:마마무 화사, 솔로 데뷔곡 '멍청이'로 가온차트 3관왕. http://mosen.mt.co.kr/article/G1111090329. mosen.mt.co.kr. ko. OSEN. February 28, 2019. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321115902/http://mosen.mt.co.kr/article/G1111090329. live.
  15. World Digital Song Sales Chart. Billboard. September 6, 2020. June 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200609024831/https://www.billboard.com/charts/world-digital-song-sales/2019-03-02. live.
  16. Web site: ko:가을속에서. https://m2.melon.com/song/detail.htm?songId=32090955. m2.melon.com. ko. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321184853/https://m2.melon.com/song/detail.htm%3FsongId%3D32090955. live.
  17. The 25 Best K-pop Songs of 2019: Critics' Picks. Billboard. en. January 6, 2021. December 30, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191230021303/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/international/8547126/the-25-best-k-pop-songs-of-2019-critics-picks. live.
  18. Web site: The Best K-Pop Songs Of 2019. www.refinery29.com. en. Morin. Natalie. January 6, 2021. December 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191220173131/https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/12/8836113/best-k-pop-songs-2019. live.
  19. Web site: 10 Best K-pop Music Videos of 2019 -. December 31, 2019. January 6, 2021. December 31, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191231143736/https://rollingstoneindia.com/10-best-k-pop-music-videos-of-2019/. dead.
  20. Web site: Mamamoo's Hwa Sa and Dua Lipa Team Up For K-Pop Remix of 'Physical': Listen. Billboard.com. en. Benjamin. Jeff. March 18, 2020. March 3, 2021. March 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200318143126/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/international/9335384/dua-lipa-mamamoo-hwa-sa-physical-kpop-remix. live.
  21. Web site: Dua Lipa Taps Into The K-Pop World Again With 'Physical' Remix Featuring Hwa Sa Of MAMAMOO. Forbes. en. Benjamin. Jeff. March 18, 2020. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321135208/https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbenjamin/2020/03/18/dua-lipa-physical-remix-hwasa-mamamoo-kpop/. live.
  22. Web site: ko:자이언티·화사가 부른 '더 킹' OST 1·2번째 OST 정식 발매. Official release of 'The King' OST 1st and 2nd OST by Giants and Hwasa. https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=018&aid=0004622623. Naver. . ko. Kim. Eun-gu. April 18, 2020. April 21, 2020. July 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200717203621/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=018&aid=0004622623. live.
  23. Web site: ko:자이언티·화사, '더 킹' OST 원투펀치부터 화려한 라인업. https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=469&aid=0000488602. Naver. Hankook Ilbo. ko. Lee. Ho-yeon. April 18, 2020. April 21, 2020. July 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200717235456/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=469&aid=0000488602. live.
  24. World Digital Song Sales Chart. Billboard. September 6, 2020. March 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210307155339/https://www.billboard.com/charts/world-digital-song-sales/2020-05-02. live.
  25. Web site: ko:마마무 화사, 신곡 'Maria' 음원차트 1위 등극...솔로 2연속 흥행. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/215/0000882303. Naver. ko. July 1, 2020. July 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200701141132/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/215/0000882303. live.
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  27. Top Current Album Sales Chart. Billboard. September 6, 2020. May 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210517135709/https://www.billboard.com/charts/current-albums/2020-07-11. live.
  28. Web site: ko:마마무 화사, 첫 미니앨범 'Maria' 트랙리스트 공개. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/215/0000880265. Naver. ko. July 1, 2020. July 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200701082336/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/215/0000880265. live.
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  30. Japan Hot 100 Chart. Billboard. October 1, 2020. November 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201119095508/https://www.billboard.com/charts/japan-hot-100. live.
  31. World Digital Song Sales Chart. Billboard. September 6, 2020. July 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200707220446/https://www.billboard.com/charts/world-digital-song-sales/2020-07-11/. live.
  32. Web site: ko:"역시 '퀸' 화사" '히든싱어6' 화사, 압도적 79표로 우승...전현무 "JTBC 적자, 이겨달라" [종합]. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/ranking/article/076/0003628936. Naver. ko. October 1, 2020. December 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221224090915/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/ranking/article/076/0003628936. live.
  33. Web site: ko:환불원정대, '돈 터치 미'...10월10일 음반 내고 출격. https://www.newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20200927_0001180836. Newsis. ko. NEWSIS. September 27, 2020. October 1, 2020.
  34. Web site: Gaon Digital Chart - Week 42 of 2020. Gaon Music Chart. January 6, 2021. October 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201024041420/http://www.gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=42&hitYear=2020&termGbn=week. live.
  35. Web site: Gaon Digital Chart - Week 43 of 2020. Gaon Music Chart. January 6, 2021. January 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107162409/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=43&hitYear=2020&termGbn=week. live.
  36. BTS, IU, Zico & More: A Look Back at Billboard's K-Pop 100 Chart in 2020 and All Its Big Players. Billboard. en. January 5, 2021. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108051514/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9506379/bts-blackpink-seventeen-k-pop-2020-recap. live.
  37. Web site: ko:지난해 세계인이 가장 많이 들은 여성 케이팝 스타는?. https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/310/0000082905?sid=103. Naver. ko. January 5, 2021. January 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210105033754/https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/310/0000082905?sid=103. live.
  38. Web site: 20 Best K-pop Music Videos of 2020 -. en-US. January 1, 2021. January 5, 2021. January 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210101165105/https://rollingstoneindia.com/20-best-k-pop-music-videos-of-2020/. live.
  39. Web site: The 40 Best K-Pop Songs of 2020. PAPER. en. December 18, 2020. January 5, 2021. December 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201218165207/https://www.papermag.com/the-40-best-k-pop-songs-of-2020-2649534433.html. live.
  40. The Songs and Albums That Defined K-Pop's Monumental Year in 2020. Time. January 5, 2021. December 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201211180154/https://time.com/5920059/best-kpop-2020/. live.
  41. Web site: ko:방탄소년단 정국, 2020년 유튜브 KPOP 아이돌 검색수 1위...아이유, 여성 중 최고 순위. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/311/0001248929. Naver. ko. January 5, 2021. January 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210105021822/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/311/0001248929. live.
  42. Web site: ko:마마무 화사, 유튜브 채널 오픈...구독자 순식간에 '폭증'. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/117/0003519309. Naver. ko. July 30, 2021. July 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210730184422/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/117/0003519309. live.
  43. Web site: ko:화사, 솔로 컴백확정...24일 싱글 앨범 'Guilty Pleasure' 발표(공식). https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/057/0001620613. Naver. ko. November 11, 2021. November 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211111000604/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/057/0001620613. live.
  44. Web site: ko:로꼬X화사, 25일 깜짝 컬래버 발표. Loco X Hwasa, surprise collaboration announcement on the 25th. https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=382&aid=0000992610. Naver. Sports Donga. ko. Choi. Yun-na. July 15, 2022. July 15, 2022. July 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220715143202/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=382&aid=0000992610. live.
  45. Web site: ko:로꼬·화사, 오늘(25일) 컬래버레이션 싱글 '썸바디!' 발매. Loco and Hwasa, today (25th) collaboration single 'Somebody!' Release. https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=437&aid=0000307006. Naver. JTBC. ko. Park. Sang-hoo. July 25, 2022. July 25, 2022. July 25, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220725085631/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=437&aid=0000307006. live.
  46. Web site: MAMAMOO's Hwasa drops new original solo track 'Just Talking To Myself'. NME. December 12, 2022. March 15, 2024. March 15, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240315143314/https://www.nme.com/news/music/mamamoo-hwasa-solo-song-music-video-release-just-talking-to-myself-3364003. live.
  47. Web site: MAMAMOO'S HWASA DROPS A NEW CHRISTMAS SONG. ITP Live. March 15, 2024. March 15, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240315143315/https://itp.live/news/global/mamamoos-hwasa-drops-a-new-christmas-song. live.
  48. Web site: ko:이효리, 김완선·엄정화·보아·화사와 '댄스가수 유랑단' 출격[공식]. Lee Hyo-ri, Kim Wan-seon, Um Jung-hwa, Boa, and Hwasa sortie for 'Dance Singer's Wandering Troupe' [Official]. https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=108&aid=0003129779. Naver. MT Star News. ko. Han. Hae-sun. February 16, 2023. February 16, 2023. February 16, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216150343/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=108&aid=0003129779. live.
  49. Web site: ko:마마무 화사, 9년 몸 담은 RBW 떠나기로 결정. https://news.jtbc.co.kr/article/article.aspx?news_id=NB12132644. news.jtbc.co.kr. ko. Kim. Jin-seok. June 27, 2023. June 27, 2023. June 27, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230627104753/https://news.jtbc.co.kr/article/article.aspx?news_id=NB12132644. live.
  50. Web site: ko:[뉴스1 ★]화사, 언닌 피네이션 스타일...흠뻑쇼 공연 중 계약. [News 1 ★] Hwasa, Unnie P Nation Style...Drenched show, contract during performance. https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=421&aid=0006900617. Naver. . ko. Kwon. Hyun-jin. July 1, 2023. July 1, 2023. July 1, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230701094039/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=421&aid=0006900617. live.
  51. Web site: I Love My Body – Week 38 of 2023. Circle Chart. September 28, 2023. September 28, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230928020333/https://circlechart.kr/page_chart/onoff.circle?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=38&hitYear=2023&termGbn=week&yearTime=3. live.
  52. Hwasa Chart History: World Digital Song Sales. Billboard. September 12, 2023. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321155515/https://www.billboard.com/artist/hwa-sa/chart-history/wdt/. live.
  53. Web site: ko:'스우파2' 화사 신곡 'Chili' 오늘(4일) 음원 발매...'스모크' 챌린지 열풍 잇나. 'Swoopa 2' Hwasa's new song 'Chili' released today (4th)... Is the 'Smoke' challenge craze still happening?. https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=609&aid=0000778234. Naver. Newsen. ko. Hwang. Hye-jin. October 10, 2023. March 15, 2024. March 15, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240315143132/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=609&aid=0000778234. live.
  54. Web site: ko:화사, 첫 단독 팬콘 성료 "소중한 응원 원동력 삼겠다". Hwasa successfully completes her first solo fan-con, "I will use the precious support as a driving force". https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/003/0012504348. Naver. Newsis. ko. Park. Gyeol. April 22, 2024. May 22, 2024. May 22, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240522210306/https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/003/0012504348. live.
  55. Web site: 'Unapologetic and undefined': Hwasa embraces her true self in new EP 'O' . Korea JoongAng Daily . September 19, 2024 . February 18, 2025.
  56. Web site: [공식] 화사, 오늘(14일) 'Star' 발매…음원 깜짝 공개한다 ]. 텐아시아 연예뉴스 . November 14, 2024 . ko . February 18, 2025.
  57. Web site: Benjamin . Jeff . Hwasa Announces First-Ever Solo Tour For North America In 2025 . Forbes . December 3, 2024 . December 8, 2024.
  58. Web site: 화사, 태국·유럽 6개 도시 투어 확정...'퀸 화사' 입증 . Munhwa Ilbo. Naver. June 10, 2025 . ko . June 10, 2025.
  59. Web site: 화사, 오늘 '엠카'서 신곡 첫 공개…담담한 이별 노래한다 . Sports Donga . October 16, 2025 . ko . October 18, 2025.
  60. Web site: Hwasa climbs Korean charts with comeback single "Good Goodbye" . CHOSUNBIZ . October 21, 2025 . October 31, 2025.
  61. Web site: 화사, 발매 한 달 만 역주행…'Good Goodbye' 음원차트 1위 탈환 . Sports News. November 22, 2025 . ko . November 22, 2025.
  62. Web site: 대한민국 최초 유일의 온라인 음악순위 통합차트 . iChart . November 21, 2025 . ko . November 23, 2025.
  63. Web site: Jung . Ah-reum . 청룡 휩쓴 화사, '굿 굿바이' 퍼펙트 올킬…올해 솔로 여가수 최초 . 뉴스1 . November 30, 2025 . ko . November 30, 2025.
  64. Web site: Biography, Music & News . Billboard . November 25, 2025 . December 2, 2025.
  65. Web site: Billboard Korea is a hub that shapes culture through music . Billboard Korea . ko . December 3, 2025.
  66. Web site: The Chosun Daily . Billboard Korea Launches Global and Domestic K-Music Charts . The Chosun Daily . December 3, 2025 . ko . December 3, 2025.
  67. Web site: 대한민국 최초 유일의 온라인 음악순위 통합차트 . iChart . ko . December 24, 2025.
  68. Web site: ko:포브스코리아 선정 2019 파워 셀러브리티 40. http://jmagazine.joins.com/forbes/view/325767. 중앙시사매거진. April 23, 2019. July 15, 2020. May 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190502123542/http://jmagazine.joins.com/forbes/view/325767. live.
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  70. Web site: ko:2018년 올해를 빛낸 가수와 가요 - 최근 12년간 추이 포함 . http://www.gallup.co.kr/gallupdb/reportContent.asp?seqNo=974 . www.gallup.co.kr . . ko . November 30, 2018 . June 22, 2021 . February 2, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200202162923/https://www.gallup.co.kr/gallupdb/reportContent.asp?seqNo=974 . live.
  71. Web site: ko:한국갤럽조사연구소. https://www.gallup.co.kr/gallupdb/reportContent.asp?seqNo=1163. www.gallup.co.kr. February 25, 2021. February 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210228191158/https://www.gallup.co.kr/gallupdb/reportContent.asp?seqNo=1163. live.
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  73. Web site: ko:마마무 화사 "걸그룹 개인 브랜드평판 1위"..2위 블랙핑크 제니, 3위 레드벨벳 아이린. https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1S8HJXFD4T/GL0301. 서울경제. ko. December 16, 2018. February 25, 2021. June 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203248/https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1S8HJXFD4T/GL0301. live.
  74. Web site: ko:화사, 6월 걸그룹 개인 브랜드평판 1위..설현·신비 톱3. https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2018061709351831521. 스타뉴스. ko. June 17, 2018. February 25, 2021. June 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203654/https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2018061709351831521. live.
  75. Web site: ko:마마무 화사 11월 걸그룹 개인 브랜드 1위. http://kjdaily.com/article.php?aid=1573951780490464208. kjdaily.com. ko. November 17, 2019. February 25, 2021. June 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204751/http://kjdaily.com/article.php?aid=1573951780490464208. live.
  76. Web site: ko:[공식]마마무 화사, 7월 걸그룹 개인 브랜드평판 1위...2위 아이린·3위 보나. https://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201907210100169080011722&servicedate=20190721. 스포츠조선. ko. July 21, 2019. February 25, 2021. June 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203238/https://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201907210100169080011722&servicedate=20190721. live.
  77. Web site: ko:[단독]화사의 '곱창 감사패'는 누가 줬나. https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/03/23/2020032304386.html. www.chosun.com. ko. 조윤형. August 8, 2020. February 12, 2021. June 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203050/https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/03/23/2020032304386.html. live.
  78. Web site: 화사, ‘굿 굿바이’로 보여준 새로운 화(話)의 방식 [김지혜의 매력만땅] ]. 일간스포츠 . November 24, 2025 . ko . November 24, 2025.
  79. Web site: ko:[단독]'화사 음란죄 고발' 학인연 "보는 내내 수치심...반성태도 없어". https://sports.khan.co.kr/entertainment/sk_index.html?art_id=202307101334003&sec_id=540101. Sports Kyunghyang. 이. 선명. July 10, 2023. September 11, 2023. July 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230723090547/http://sports.khan.co.kr/entertainment/sk_index.html?art_id=202307101334003&sec_id=540101. live.
  80. Web site: ko:경찰, '선정적 퍼포먼스 논란' 마마무 화사 소환 조사. https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/pc/view/view.do?ncd=7769833. KBS 뉴스. September 15, 2023. April 11, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240411230433/https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/pc/view/view.do?ncd=7769833. live.
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  82. Web site: '2021 LIFEPLUS JTBC 서울 마라톤' 11월 언택트 개최 . JTBC 뉴스 . September 15, 2021 . ko . January 4, 2026.
  83. Web site: Choi . Eun-nam . Ha Ji-won, Taemin, and Hwasa named ambassadors for the 2025 New York Korea Brand & Entertainment Expo . The Korea Post . October 1, 2025 . ko . January 3, 2026.
  84. Web site: [스브스타] '여왕님' 소리 절로 나온다는 '마마무' 화사…카리스마 폭발 ]. SBS NEWS . November 10, 2017 . ko . January 4, 2026.
  85. Web site: 에너지경제신문 홈 . 에너지경제신문 . August 6, 2018 . ko . January 4, 2026.
  86. Web site: ko:'완판 요정' 화사, 노스페이스 홍보대사 발탁. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/018/0004210454. Naver. ko. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321115900/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/018/0004210454. live.
  87. Web site: ko:롯데제과, 크런키 새 모델로 '먹방요정' 마마무 화사 선정. https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=029&aid=0002489311&sid1=001. news.naver.com. ko. March 21, 2020. June 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613183125/https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=029&aid=0002489311&sid1=001. live.
  88. Web site: 토마토토익, 마마무 화사 공식 모델 발탁… 토마토송 공개 . 머니S . December 17, 2018 . ko . January 4, 2026.
  89. Web site: `먹방퀸` 화사, `화자카야` 광고모델 발탁 . 네이버 엔터 . February 23, 2019 . ko . January 4, 2026.
  90. Web site: ko:다비치안경, 마마무 화사 렌즈로 인기 모은 뜨레뷰의 '팔레트' 라인에 3일용 컬러렌즈 추가 출시. https://www.lawissue.co.kr/view.php?ud=201910041615165316204ead0791_12. 로이슈. October 4, 2019. February 12, 2021. June 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205406/https://www.lawissue.co.kr/view.php?ud=201910041615165316204ead0791_12. live.
  91. Web site: ko:코카-콜라사 골드피크 티(TEA), 마마무 '화사' 모델 발탁. https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=076&aid=0003397375&sid1=001. news.naver.com. ko. March 21, 2020. June 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613183129/https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=076&aid=0003397375&sid1=001. live.
  92. Web site: ko:레어카인드, 브랜드 뮤즈에 대세 걸그룹 마마무 '화사' 발탁. https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=014&aid=0004201900&sid1=001. news.naver.com. ko. March 21, 2020. June 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613183121/https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=014&aid=0004201900&sid1=001. live.
  93. Web site: ko:마마무 화사, 워터파크 광고까지 접수... 2019 여름 책임진다!. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/408/0000074466. Naver. ko. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321135210/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/408/0000074466. live.
  94. News: ko:화사, 건강美 넘치는 '탄탄 복근'(화보). https://entertain.naver.com/photo/read?cid=846241&oid=009&aid=0004394198. Maeil Business Newspaper. ko. March 21, 2020. June 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613183110/https://entertain.naver.com/photo/read?cid=846241&oid=009&aid=0004394198. live.
  95. Web site: ko:화사, 강렬하고 대담한 분위기..'화염보다 뜨거운 화사' [화보]. https://entertain.naver.com/photo/read?cid=846241&oid=112&aid=0003225933. Herald Pop. ko. March 21, 2020. June 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613183114/https://entertain.naver.com/photo/read?cid=846241&oid=112&aid=0003225933. live.
  96. Web site: ko:아름다움의 다양성 – 화사 보그 코리아 (Vogue Korea). http://www.vogue.co.kr/2019/10/28/diversity-of-beauty-2/. Vogue Korea. ko. voguedigital. October 28, 2019. March 21, 2020. March 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200317224324/http://www.vogue.co.kr/2019/10/28/diversity-of-beauty-2/. live.
  97. Web site: ko:짬뽕라면 돌풍의 주인공 오뚜기 '진짬뽕' 리뉴얼 출시. https://www.lawissue.co.kr/view.php?ud=201911220926207426204ead0791_12. 로이슈. November 22, 2019. March 21, 2020. November 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191122150320/http://www.lawissue.co.kr/view.php?ud=201911220926207426204ead0791_12. live.
  98. Web site: ko:심즈4, 새해 맞이 '화사'가 전하는 'Play With Life' 캠페인 영상 공개. https://www.thisisgame.com/webzine/news/nboard/4/?n=101272. ThisIsGame. ko. January 17, 2020. March 21, 2024.
  99. Web site: ko:마마무 화사가 정의한 'HIP', 자유분방한 포스퀸[화보]. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/109/0004151658. Naver. ko. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321135208/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/109/0004151658. live.
  100. Web site: ko:손흥민X화사X이정후, 아디다스 러닝 캠페인 모델 선정 [공식]. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/144/0000658571. Naver. ko. March 21, 2020. February 27, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200227213727/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/144/0000658571. live.
  101. Web site: ko:화사, 건강한 섹시美→독보적인 우아함..핫한 스타일 아이콘 등극[화보]. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/112/0003272421. Naver. ko. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321135209/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/112/0003272421. live.
  102. Web site: ko:′키스뉴욕 젤 프로′ 네일리스트에게 최적화된 100가지 컬러 선보여. http://www.siminilbo.co.kr/news/newsview.php?ncode=1065577092070382. www.siminilbo.co.kr. ko. 시민일보. May 29, 2020. May 29, 2020. June 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613183106/http://www.siminilbo.co.kr/news/newsview.php?ncode=1065577092070382. live.
  103. Web site: ko:롯데 깨수깡 돌풍...숙취음료 '빅5' 오르나. https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1Z2SCDJCEN/GD0201. 서울경제. ko. May 17, 2020. February 12, 2021. June 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205848/https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1Z2SCDJCEN/GD0201. live.
  104. Web site: 화사, 센스맘 모델 발탁...센스만점 집콕 라이프 공개 . 싱글리스트 . June 12, 2020 . ko . January 4, 2026.
  105. Web site: ko:[HI★포토] 마마무 화사 "인기 영원할 수 없어...주어진 시간 동안 뜨겁게 살 것". https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/469/0000516736. Naver. ko. July 17, 2020. July 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200717022820/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/469/0000516736. live.
  106. Web site: ko:화사, 섹시한데 털털한 반전 매력[스타화보]. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/609/0000327132. Newsen. ko. September 16, 2020. September 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200917003210/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/609/0000327132. live.
  107. Web site: ko:GUCCI 비, 화사, 김나영 보그 코리아 (Vogue Korea). http://www.vogue.co.kr/2020/09/14/gucci-reservation-for-one-%eb%b9%84-%ed%99%94%ec%82%ac-%ea%b9%80%eb%82%98%ec%98%81/. Vogue Korea. ko. 송. 보라. September 14, 2020. September 21, 2020. October 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201003112019/http://www.vogue.co.kr/2020/09/14/gucci-reservation-for-one-%eb%b9%84-%ed%99%94%ec%82%ac-%ea%b9%80%eb%82%98%ec%98%81/. live.
  108. Web site: ko:How to blossom gorgeous 보그 코리아 (Vogue Korea). http://www.vogue.co.kr/2021/02/01/how-to-blossom-gorgeous/. Vogue Korea. ko. assistant. February 1, 2021. February 1, 2021. February 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210201022832/http://www.vogue.co.kr/2021/02/01/how-to-blossom-gorgeous/. live.
  109. Web site: ko:화사, 매력 폭발. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/144/0000723756. Naver. ko. February 29, 2024. April 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210401205055/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/144/0000723756. live.
  110. Web site: ko:W Korea 2021년 3월호 우먼 커버. https://www.wkorea.com/2021/02/14/w-korea-2021%eb%85%84-3%ec%9b%94%ed%98%b8-%ec%9a%b0%eb%a8%bc-%ec%bb%a4%eb%b2%84/. W Korea. ko. February 14, 2021. February 29, 2024. February 29, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240229111229/https://www.wkorea.com/2021/02/14/w-korea-2021%EB%85%84-3%EC%9B%94%ED%98%B8-%EC%9A%B0%EB%A8%BC-%EC%BB%A4%EB%B2%84/. live.
  111. Web site: ko:여름 안에서 화사. https://www.harpersbazaar.co.kr/article/54068. Harper's Bazaar Korea. ko. March 30, 2021. February 29, 2024. June 6, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230606014935/https://www.harpersbazaar.co.kr/article/54068. live.
  112. Web site: MAMAMOOファサにリモート取材。自分だけが信じる、"美しさの基準"がうまれた経緯。. Vogue Japan. Japanese. July 21, 2021. February 29, 2024. June 8, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230608022606/https://www.vogue.co.jp/beauty/article/hwasa-beauty-interview. live.
  113. Web site: ko:Love Your W 2021 -화사. https://www.wkorea.com/2021/11/14/love-your-w-hwasa/. W Korea. ko. November 14, 2021. February 29, 2024. December 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221204215530/https://www.wkorea.com/2021/11/14/love-your-w-hwasa/. live.
  114. Web site: ko:시티랩스, 첫 게임 퍼블리싱 '태고M' 사전예약 50만 돌파. https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/014/0004765878?sid=101. Naver. ko. February 29, 2024. February 29, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240229104251/https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/014/0004765878?sid=101. live.
  115. Web site: 광고정보센터 PRINT광고 :: ASH.COM . 광고정보센터 . January 4, 2026.
  116. Web site: ko:CJ올리브영, 새 옴니채널 캠페인.."모델엔 카이·화사". https://n.news.naver.com/article/014/0004898692. Naver. ko. 이. 정은. November 14, 2022. November 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221114005451/https://n.news.naver.com/article/014/0004898692. live.
  117. Web site: ko:엑소 카이와 마마무 화사가 함께하는 MZ세대 취향 저격 올리브영 옴니채널 캠페인. https://www.insight.co.kr/news/411759. 인사이트. ko. 김소영. September 15, 2022. November 14, 2022. November 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221114005450/https://www.insight.co.kr/news/411759. live.
  118. Web site: ko:EP. 0 티징 편 여긴 어디? ❌ 나는... 누구? ✔️ #가고켜고 #올영세상 에서 놀라운 SUPER POWER를 얻게 된 카이와 화사의 이야기가 궁금하다면? 매주 금요일, #올영세상 에 놀러오세요  * 인스타그램 이벤트 참여하러 가기... By 올리브영 Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/OLIVEYOUNG/videos/ep-0-%ED%8B%B0%EC%A7%95-%ED%8E%B8/1089119935302063/. www.facebook.com. en. November 14, 2022. November 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221114005449/https://www.facebook.com/OLIVEYOUNG/videos/ep-0-%ED%8B%B0%EC%A7%95-%ED%8E%B8/1089119935302063/. live.
  119. Web site: ko:[올영세상 시리즈] - YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6qZS8m6oIXh9ToPk-4wkgxoDT4AsKTOp. www.youtube.com. November 14, 2022. November 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221114005449/https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6qZS8m6oIXh9ToPk-4wkgxoDT4AsKTOp. live.
  120. Web site: ko:올리브영 공식계정 on Instagram: "여긴 어디? ❌ 나는... 누구? ✔️ #가고켜고 #올영세상 에서 놀라운 SUPER POWER를 얻게 된 카이와 화사의 이야기가 궁금하다면? 매주 금요일, #올영세상 에 놀러오세요  #EVENT 카이X화사에게 주어진 올영세상 슈퍼파워와 스페셜 아이템은 무엇일까요? 댓글에 정답을 남겨주신 분들 중 추첨을 통해 올리브영 기프트카드를 선물로 드립니다❣️ ✔기간: 9/16 ~ 9/20 ✔발표: 9/21 댓글로 당첨자 안내 ✔경품: 올리브영 기프트카드 5만원권 (30명)". https://www.instagram.com/p/CijT5OhrjFP/. Instagram. en. November 14, 2022. November 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221114005448/https://www.instagram.com/p/CijT5OhrjFP/. live.
  121. Web site: ko:이상하고 아름다운 #HMBD 화사 X 루이 비통. https://www.marieclairekorea.com/celebrity/2023/02/louisevuitton/. Marie Claire Korea. ko. March 4, 2024. March 20, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230320002529/https://www.marieclairekorea.com/celebrity/2023/02/louisevuitton/. live.
  122. Web site: ko:오뚜기, '진비빔면' 새 모델로 마마무 '화사' 발탁. https://n.news.naver.com/article/421/0006670667?. Naver. ko. March 4, 2024. March 8, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230308131255/https://n.news.naver.com/article/421/0006670667. live.
  123. Web site: ko:[패션엔 포토] 마마무 화사, 역시 패션 인싸! 강렬한 걸크러시 글래머룩. https://www.fashionn.com/board/read_new.php?table=1023&number=45483. FASHIONn. ko. March 16, 2023. March 4, 2024. March 4, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240304195207/https://www.fashionn.com/board/read_new.php?table=1023&number=45483. live.
  124. Web site: NewJeans's Hyein dominates Louis Vuitton's pre-fall 2023 fashion show in Seoul. Tatler Asia. March 4, 2024. January 14, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240114184625/https://www.tatlerasia.com/style/fashion/louis-vuitton-pre-fall-2023-fashion-show-seoul-newjeans-hyein-snsd-taeyeon-mingyu-korean-celebrities. live.
  125. Web site: All The Glamourous Stars At Bulgari's Serpenti 75 Exhibition in Seoul. L'Officiel Singapore. March 4, 2024. October 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231004193952/https://www.lofficielsingapore.com/jewellery/all-the-glamourous-stars-bulgari-serpenti-75-exhibition-seoul-blackpink-lisa. live.
  126. Web site: THE BEST CELEBRITY FRONT ROW LOOKS AT MILAN FASHION WEEK SPRING 2024. Nylon. September 20, 2023. December 3, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231203163534/https://www.nylon.com/fashion/milan-fashion-week-spring-2024-celebrities. live.
  127. Web site: Hwasa, Florence Pugh And Sensual Empowerment At Valentino L'École. Harper's Bazaar Singapore. October 2, 2023. March 4, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240304200828/https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/fashion/valentino-lecole-spring-summer-2024. live.
  128. Web site: "귀인이자 은인" 화사 '내돈내산' 리뷰에 감동→모델 발탁 '보답' . Star News. Naver. August 15, 2025 . ko . August 15, 2025.
  129. Web site: ko:마마무 측 "'안투라지'에 멤버 전원 카메오 출연". https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/112/0002822995. Herald Pop. ko. June 15, 2016. June 30, 2024.
  130. Web site: ko:'복면가왕' 에어로빅소녀는 마마무 화사..'토니와 ♥라인'. https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/109/0003541084. . ko. May 21, 2017. June 30, 2024.
  131. Web site: Loco, Hwasa duet tops local music charts. Korea JoongAng Daily. en. April 25, 2018. May 24, 2024. May 18, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180518101129/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3047393. live.
  132. Web site: Hwasa, Solar, Park So-dam – female stars front Korean reality TV shows. South China Morning Post. en. September 25, 2020. November 22, 2020. August 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220819114227/https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/entertainment/article/3102817/solar-and-park-so-dam-go-camping-pak-se-ri-hangs-out-fellow. live.
  133. Web site: ko:지미유X환불원정대, '놀면 뭐하니' 특급 회동 "출격 준비 완료". https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/241/0003048839. Naver. ko. September 6, 2020. August 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220819114327/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/241/0003048839. live.
  134. Web site: ko:"역시 '퀸' 화사" '히든싱어6' 화사, 압도적 79표로 우승...전현무 "JTBC 적자, 이겨달라" [종합]. https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/076/0003628936. Naver. ko. October 2, 2020. August 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220819114327/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/076/0003628936. live.
  135. Web site: ko:마마무 화사, 음악작업실 연다...tvN '화사쇼. Hwasa of Mamamoo opens a music studio... tvN 'Hwasa Show. https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=003&aid=0011557605. Naver. Newsis. ko. Choi. Ji-yoon. November 25, 2022. November 26, 2022. November 26, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221126142405/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=003&aid=0011557605. live.
  136. Web site: ko:이효리, 김완선·엄정화·보아·화사와 '댄스가수 유랑단' 출격[공식]. Lee Hyo-ri, Kim Wan-seon, Um Jung-hwa, Boa, and Hwasa sortie for 'Dance Singer's Wandering Troupe' [Official]. https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=108&aid=0003129779. Naver. MT Star News. ko. Han. Hae-sun. February 16, 2023. February 16, 2023. February 16, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216150343/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=108&aid=0003129779. live.
  137. Web site: '나라는가수' 화사 "스페인서 버스킹, 한계치 끌어올린 경험" . 연합뉴스 . November 1, 2024 . ko . February 17, 2025.
  138. Web site: Female K-pop singers voice struggles with body image, drawing praise from viewers . The Korea Times . January 16, 2025 . February 17, 2025.
  139. Web site: Hwasa and Psy face off in 'Crazy Rich Koreans' episode revealing shocking moments . CHOSUNBIZ . July 5, 2025 . August 17, 2025.
  140. Web site: ko:한혜진, 박나래·화사 '여은파' 호캉스..짙은 화장+아찔 수영복[SNS★컷]. Han Hye-jin, Park Na-rae and Hwasa's 'Yeo Eun-pa' vacation... Heavy makeup + dizzying swimsuit [SNS★ Cut]. https://m.entertain.naver.com/article/609/0000322404. Naver. Newsen. ko. Han. Jeong-won. September 5, 2020. May 24, 2024.
  141. Web site: ko:화사·정일우, 'SNL 코리아2' 뜬다. Hwasa and Jung Il-woo to appear on 'SNL Korea 2. https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=003&aid=0010966637. Naver. Newsis. ko. Choi. Ji-yoon. January 26, 2022. January 26, 2022. January 26, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220126020221/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=003&aid=0010966637. live.
  142. Web site: ko:에프엔씨엔터, FT아일랜드 이재진 라디오 DJ 발탁. https://n.news.naver.com/article/018/0003156627?sid=101. . ko. January 8, 2015. June 30, 2024. June 30, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240630103054/https://n.news.naver.com/article/018/0003156627?sid=101. live.
  143. News: ko:'해피투게더4' 마마무 화사 "특별한 재료를 더한 짜장 라면에 푹 빠졌다". http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/1610570. Ten Asia. ko. Woo Bin. November 28, 2018. November 28, 2018. November 28, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181128210803/http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/1610570. live.
  144. Web site: ko:'2019 MBC 방송연예대상' MC 전현무X화사X피오, 예고 영상 공개!. http://enews.imbc.com/News/RetrieveNewsInfo/272569. MBC 연예. ko. December 18, 2019. June 30, 2024. June 25, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220625010144/http://enews.imbc.com/News/RetrieveNewsInfo/272569. live.

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