IBM AIX explained

AIX
Logo Size:200px
Developer:IBM
Source Model:Closed source
formerly source available
Kernel Type:Monolithic with dynamically loadable modules
Userland:POSIX / SUS
Supported Platforms:Current: Power ISA
Former: IBM ROMP, IBM POWER, PowerPC, x86 (IBM PS/2), System/370, ESA/390, IA-64 (Itanium)
Ui:KornShell (ksh88),[1] [2] Common Desktop Environment,
(Plasma Workspaces and GNOME optional)
Family:Unix (System V)
Released:[3]
Latest Release Version:7.3 TL4 (7.3.4)[4]
Marketing Target:Workstation, Server
Programmed In:C
Working State:Current
License:Proprietary

AIX (pronounced [5]) is a series of proprietary Unix operating systems developed and sold by IBM since 1986. The name stands for "Advanced Interactive eXecutive". Current versions are designed to work with Power ISA based server and workstation computers such as IBM's Power line.

Background

Originally released for the IBM RT PC RISC workstation in 1986, AIX has supported a wide range of hardware platforms, including the IBM RS/6000 series and later Power and PowerPC-based systems, IBM System i, System/370 mainframes, PS/2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server. Currently, it is supported on IBM Power Systems alongside IBM i and Linux.

AIX is based on UNIX System V with 4.3BSD-compatible extensions. It is certified to the UNIX 03 and UNIX V7 specifications of the Single UNIX Specification, beginning with AIX versions 5.3 and 7.2 TL5, respectively.[6] Older versions were certified to the UNIX 95 and UNIX 98 specifications.[7]

AIX was the first operating system to implement a journaling file system. IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features such as processor, disk, and network virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation (including fractional processor units), and reliability engineering concepts derived from its mainframe designs.[8]

History

Unix began in the early 1970s at AT&T's Bell Labs research center, running on DEC minicomputers. By 1976, the operating system was used in various academic institutions, including Princeton University, where Tom Lyon and others ported it to the S/370 to run as a guest OS under VM/370.[9] This port became Amdahl UTS from IBM's mainframe rival,[10] [11] which that company increasingly prioritized from the late 1980s.[12]

IBM's involvement with Unix began in 1979 when it assisted Bell Labs in porting Unix to the S/370 platform to be used as a build host for the 5ESS switch's software. During this process, IBM made modifications to the TSS/370 Resident Supervisor to better support Unix.[13]

In 1984, IBM introduced its own Unix variant for the S/370 platform called VM/IX, developed by Interactive Systems Corporation (ISC) using Unix System III. However, VM/IX was only available as a PRPQ (Programming Request for Price Quotation) and was not a General Availability product.

By 1985 most computer companies offered Unix alongside their proprietary operating systems.[14] Although an industry analyst that year described IBM as not enthusiastic about Unix,[15] the company replaced VM/IX in 1985 with IBM IX/370, a fully supported product based on AT&T's Unix System V, intended to compete against UTS[16] and also developed by ISC.[17]

ISC also developed AIX for the IBM RT PC workstation, introduced in January 1986, based on UNIX System V Releases 1 and 2, and incorporating source code from 4.2 and 4.3 BSD UNIX.[18] AIX Version 2 followed in 1987 for the RT PC.[19] AIX was also available for the IBM PC AT and IBM PC XT/286.

In 1990, AIX Version 3 was released for the new POWER-based RS/6000 platform.[20] Observers said that year that IBM had officially approved Unix, with the company willing to let its proprietary AS/400 and Unix-based RS/6000 compete against each other in the midrange system market.[21] AIX was the primary operating system for the RS/6000 series, which was later renamed IBM eServer pSeries, IBM System p, and finally IBM Power Systems.

AIX Version 4, introduced in 1994, added symmetric multiprocessing and evolved through the 1990s, culminating with AIX 4.3.3 in 1999. A modified version of Version 4.1 was also used as the standard OS for the Apple Network Server line by Apple Computer.

In the late 1990s, under Project Monterey, IBM and the Santa Cruz Operation attempted to integrate AIX and UnixWare into a multiplatform Unix for Intel IA-64 architecture. The project was discontinued in 2002 after limited commercial success.[22]

In 2003, the SCO Group filed a lawsuit against IBM, alleging misappropriation of UNIX System V source code in AIX. The case was resolved in 2010 when a jury ruled that Novell owned the rights to Unix, not SCO.

AIX 6 was announced in May 2007 and became generally available on November 9, 2007. Key features included role-based access control, workload partitions, and Live Partition Mobility.

AIX 7.1 was released in September 2010 with enhancements such as Cluster Aware AIX and support for large-scale memory and real-time application requirements.[23]

Supported hardware platforms

IBM RT PC

The original AIX (sometimes called AIX/RT) was developed for the IBM RT PC workstation by IBM in conjunction with ISC, which had previously ported UNIX System III to the IBM PC for IBM as PC/IX. According to its developers, the original AIX source consists of one million lines of code. Installation media consists of eight 1.2M floppy disks. The RT was based on the IBM ROMP microprocessor, the first commercial RISC chip, based on IBM Research's IBM 801).

One of the novel aspects of the RT design is the use of a microkernel, called Virtual Resource Manager (VRM). The keyboard, mouse, display, disk drives and network are all controlled by a microkernel. One can "hotkey" from one operating system to the next using the Alt-Tab key combination. Each OS in turn gets possession of the keyboard, mouse and display. Besides AIX v2, the PICK OS also includes this microkernel.

Much of the AIX v2 kernel was written in the PL.8 programming language, which proved troublesome during the migration to AIX v3. AIX v2 includes full TCP/IP networking, as well as SNA and two networking file systems: NFS, licensed from Sun Microsystems, and Distributed Services (DS). DS has the distinction of being built on top of SNA, and thereby being fully compatible with DS on and on midrange systems running OS/400 through IBM i. For the graphical user interfaces, AIX v2 comes with the X10R3 and later the X10R4 and X11 versions of the X Window System from MIT, with the Athena widget set. Compilers for Fortran and C were available.

IBM PS/2 series

AIX PS/2 (also known as AIX/386) was developed by Locus Computing Corporation under contract to IBM.[24] AIX PS/2, first released in October 1988,[25] runs on IBM PS/2 personal computers with Intel 386 and compatible processors.

The product was announced in September 1988 with a baseline tag price of $595, although some utilities, such as UUCP, were included in a separate Extension package priced at $250. nroff and troff for AIX were also sold separately in a Text Formatting System package priced at $200. The TCP/IP stack for AIX PS/2 retailed for another $300. The X Window System package was priced at $195, and has a graphical environment called the AIXwindows Desktop, based on IXI's X.desktop.[26] The C and FORTRAN compilers each had a price tag of $275. Locus also made available their DOS Merge virtual machine environment for AIX, which can run MS DOS 3.3 applications inside AIX; DOS Merge was sold separately for another $250.[27] IBM also offered a $150 AIX PS/2 DOS Server Program, which provided file server and print server services for client computers running PC DOS 3.3.[28]

The last version of PS/2 AIX is 1.3. It was released in 1992 and announced to add support for non-IBM (non-microchannel) computers as well.[29] Support for PS/2 AIX ended in March 1995.[30]

IBM mainframes

In 1988, IBM announced AIX/370,[31] also developed by Locus. AIX/370 was IBM's fourth attempt to offer Unix-like functionality for their mainframe line, specifically the System/370 (the prior versions were a TSS/370-based Unix system developed jointly with AT&T c.1980,[13] a VM/370-based system named VM/IX developed jointly with ISC c.1984, and a VM/370-based version of TSS/370 named IX/370 which was upgraded to be compatible with UNIX System V). AIX/370 was released in 1990 with functional equivalence to System V Release 2 and 4.3BSD as well as IBM enhancements. With the introduction of the ESA/390 architecture, AIX/370 was replaced by AIX/ESA[32] in 1991 based on OSF/1, and also runs on the System/390 platform. Unlike AIX/370, AIX/ESA runs both natively as the host operating system, and as a guest under VM. AIX/ESA, while technically advanced, had little commercial success, partially because UNIX functionality was added as an option to the existing mainframe operating system, MVS, as MVS/ESA SP Version 4 Release 3 OpenEdition in 1994, and continued as an integral part of MVS/ESA SP Version 5, OS/390 and z/OS, with the name eventually changing from OpenEdition to Unix System Services. IBM also provided OpenEdition in VM/ESA Version 2[33] through z/VM.

IA-64 systems

As part of Project Monterey, IBM released a beta test version of AIX 5L for the IA-64 (Itanium) architecture in 2001, but this never became an official product due to lack of interest.[34]

Apple Network Servers

The Apple Network Server (ANS) systems are PowerPC-based systems designed by Apple Computer to have numerous high-end features that contemporary standard Apple hardware does not have, including swappable hard drives, redundant power supplies, and external monitoring capability. These systems are more or less based on the Power Macintosh hardware available at the time but designed to use AIX (versions 4.1.4 or 4.1.5) as their native operating system in a specialized version specific to the ANS called AIX for Apple Network Servers.

AIX is only compatible with the Network Servers and was not ported to standard Power Macintosh hardware. It should not be confused with A/UX, Apple's earlier version of Unix for 68k-based Macintoshes.

POWER ISA/PowerPC/Power ISA-based systems

The release of AIX version 3 (sometimes called AIX/6000) coincided with the announcement of the first POWER1-based IBM RS/6000 models in 1990.

AIX v3 innovated in several ways on the software side. It is the first operating system to introduce the idea of a journaling file system, JFS, which allows for fast boot times by avoiding the need to ensure the consistency of the file systems on disks (see fsck) on every reboot. Another innovation is shared libraries which avoid the need for static linking from an application to the libraries it used. The resulting smaller binaries use less of the hardware RAM to run, and used less disk space to install. Besides improving performance, executable binaries can be in the tens of kilobytes instead of a megabyte for an executable statically linked to the C library. AIX v3 also scrapped the microkernel of AIX v2, a contentious move that resulted in v3 containing no PL.8 code and being somewhat more "pure" than v2.

Other notable subsystems include:

In addition, AIX applications can run in the PASE subsystem under IBM i.

Source code

IBM made the AIX for RS/6000 source code available to customers for a fee; in 1991, IBM customers could order the AIX 3.0 source code for a one-time charge of US$60,000;[35] subsequently, IBM released the AIX 3.1 source code in 1992,[36] and AIX 3.2 in 1993.[37] These source code distributions exclude certain files (authored by third-parties) which IBM did not have rights to redistribute, and also exclude layered products such as the MS-DOS emulator and the C compiler. To license the AIX source code the customer first had to procure source code license agreements with AT&T and the University of California, Berkeley.

Versions

POWER/PowerPC/Power ISA releases

Version[38] Release date[39] End of support date[40]
[41]
[42] [43]
[44] [45]
[46]
[47]

IBM System/370 releases

IBM PS/2 releases

IBM RT releases

User interfaces

The default shell was Bourne shell up to AIX version 3, and KornShell (ksh88) in version 4 for XPG4 and POSIX compliance.[1]

Graphical

The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is AIX's default graphical user interface. As part of Linux Affinity and the free AIX Toolbox for Linux Applications (ATLA), open-source KDE and GNOME desktops are also available.[64]

System Management Interface Tool

See main article: System Management Interface Tool. SMIT is the System Management Interface Tool for AIX. It allows a user to navigate a menu hierarchy of commands, rather than using the command line. Invocation is typically achieved with the command smit. Experienced system administrators make use of the F6 function key which generates the command line that SMIT will invoke to complete it.SMIT also generates a log of commands that are performed in the smit.script file. The smit.script file automatically records the commands with the command flags and parameters used. The smit.script file can be used as an executable shell script to rerun system configuration tasks. SMIT also creates the smit.log file, which contains additional detailed information that can be used by programmers in extending the SMIT system.

smit and smitty refer to the same program, though smitty invokes the text-based version, while smit will invoke an X Window System based interface if possible; however, if smit determines that X Window System capabilities are not present, it will present the text-based version instead of failing. Determination of X Window System capabilities is typically performed by checking for the existence of the DISPLAY variable.

Database

Object Data Manager (ODM) is a database of system information integrated into AIX,[65] [66] analogous to the registry in Microsoft Windows.[67] A good understanding of the ODM is essential for managing AIX systems.[68]

Data managed in ODM is stored and maintained as objects with associated attributes.[69] Interaction with ODM is possible via application programming interface (API) library for programs, and command-line utilities such as odmshow, odmget, odmadd, odmchange and odmdelete for shell scripts and users. SMIT and its associated AIX commands can also be used to query and modify information in the ODM.[70] ODM is stored on disk using Berkeley DB files.[71]

Example of information stored in the ODM database are:

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Casey Cannon. Scott Trent. Carolyn Jones. Simply AIX 4.3. 1999. Prentice Hall PTR. 978-0-13-021344-0. 21.
  2. Web site: sh Command. IBM Documentation. January 21, 2023. January 22, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230122023227/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.3?topic=s-sh-command. live.
  3. Web site: 35 Years of Innovation. Prenessa Lowery. IBM. 2021-02-23. 2021-02-24. March 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210311182158/https://community.ibm.com/community/user/power/blogs/prenessa-lowery1/2021/01/26/35-years-of-innovation. live.
  4. Web site: December 5, 2024 . IBM AIX 7.3 TL4: Elevating Performance, Security, Availability and Automation for Enterprise . 2025-12-18 . IBM . en-US.
  5. Web site: Unix Pronunciation. January 29, 2010. wordpress.com. November 18, 2011. October 28, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111028130600/http://tehtable.wordpress.com/2010/01/29/unix-pronunciation/. live.
  6. Web site: IBM Corporation Registered Products by Product Standard. 2022-01-23. Open Group. 2022-01-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123205634/https://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/ibm.htm. live.
  7. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20030802103246/http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/. The Open Brand - Register of Certified Products. 2003-07-23. 2003-08-02. 2022-01-23. Open Group.
  8. Web site: UNIX turns 40. 2011-02-09. IBM Corporation. 2011-02-09. 2011-06-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20110624231140/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-unix40/#aixhistory. dead.
  9. Portability of C Programs and the UNIX System . Stephen C. . Johnson . Stephen C. Johnson . Dennis M. . Ritchie . Dennis Ritchie . Bell System Technical Journal . 57 . 6 . 1978 . 2021–2048 . 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1978.tb02141.x . 17510065 . August 4, 2015 . December 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211218212919/https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/portpap.pdf . live .
  10. Web site: Lars . Poulsen . IBM 360/370/3090/390 . 2001 . November 4, 2015 . January 3, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180103142809/http://www.beagle-ears.com/lars/engineer/comphist/ibm360.htm . live .
  11. Web site: Amdahl launches UTS mainframe Unix . 1993 . November 4, 2015 . April 18, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160418154402/http://www.telecompaper.com/news/amdahl-launches-uts-mainframe-unix-version--3646 . live .
  12. Leong . Kathy Chin . 1987-11-02 . Amdahl kills Aspen plan, favors Unix . 2025-06-08 . Computerworld . 1,10 . XXI . 44.
  13. A UNIX System Implementation for System/370 . W. A. . Felton . G. L. . Miller . J. M. . Milner . AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal . 1984 . 63 . 8 . September 1, 2015 . June 11, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150611114653/https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/otherports/ibm.pdf . live .
  14. Desmond . John . 1985-05-20 . Prime adds Unix environment for 50 series users . 2025-06-07 . Computerworld . 7 . XIX . 20.
  15. Sullivan . Kathleen . 1985-05-20 . Unix needs push to win in corporate micro market . 2025-06-07 . Computerworld . 42 . XIX . 20.
  16. News: Computerworld . February 18, 1985 . Users: New life for VM . 11 . John . Gallant . February 3, 2015 . May 17, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150517120151/https://books.google.com/books?id=iwX8vVdMAckC&pg=PA11 . live .
  17. Babcock . Charles . 1986-01-27 . IBM unveils RISC system . 2025-05-29 . Computerworld . 1,8 . XX . 4.
  18. Web site: Let's start at the very beginning… 801, ROMP, RT/PC, AIX versions . Notes.technologists.com . March 8, 2017 . November 5, 2024 .
  19. Advanced Interactive Executive (AIX) Operating System Overview . IBM Systems Journal . 26 . 4 . 1987 . 326–345 . 10.1147/sj.264.0326 . January 18, 2025 . November 5, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250118004503/https://technologists.com/sauer/Advanced%20Interactive%20Executive%20%28AIX%29%20Operating%20System%20Overview.pdf . live .
  20. Book: Misra, Mamata . IBM RISC System/6000 Technology . IBM . 1990 .
  21. Cortese . Amy . 1990-02-26 . Unix elevated to IBM mainstream status . 2025-06-28 . Computerworld . 62 . XXIV . 9.
  22. Web site: Novell Wins Again - Jury Rules Copyrights Didn't Go to SCO . March 30, 2010 . March 30, 2010 . May 5, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100505010433/http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20100330152829622 . usurped.
  23. Web site: IBM AIX 7 Preview . IBM Corporation . April 16, 2010 . January 12, 2009 . August 5, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100805140016/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/aix/ . live .
  24. Patricia Keefe. IBM, Locus to co-develop PS/2 AIX system. Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management. Computerworld. 8. July 6, 1986. 0010-4841. May 18, 2016. February 27, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170227075231/https://books.google.com/books?id=fGXpro99fIsC&pg=PT7. live.
  25. Web site: IBM Advanced Interactive Executive AIX PS/2 Operating System And Related Licensed Programs - 5713-AEQ Part # 11F8182 IBM AIX PS/2 Base Operating System . Announcement letter . IBM.com . November 3, 1987 . January 19, 2025 . March 19, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250319041645/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUSZP87-0422 . live .
  26. . Software with a foreign flair. Computerworld. IDG Enterprise. 1990-03-26. 2020-09-19. March 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220319212745/https://books.google.com/books?id=cAmo4wSwQJ0C&q=aix+ps%2F2+ixi&pg=PP7. live.
  27. IBM Announces Broad Range of Unix-Related Tools, Products. November 16, 1987. InfoWorld. 8. 0199-6649. May 18, 2016. February 27, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170227035529/https://books.google.com/books?id=Bj8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8. live.
  28. AIX for PS/2. Computerworld: The Newsweekly of Information Systems Management. February 22, 1988. Computerworld. 55. 0010-4841. May 18, 2016. February 27, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170227205709/https://books.google.com/books?id=jBT4fczNvWwC&pg=PT54. live.
  29. Cate Corcoran. IBM announces increased support for Unix on PCs. September 28, 1992. InfoWorld. 16. 0199-6649. May 18, 2016. February 27, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170227081052/https://books.google.com/books?id=klEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16. live.
  30. Web site: Withdrawal: IBM AIX PS/2 Operating System Version 1.3 and Related Licensed Programs. IBM. December 6, 1994. January 20, 2025. February 11, 2025. https://web.archive.org/web/20250211191827/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS294-770. live.
  31. Web site: Advanced Interactive Executive/370 (AIX (TM)/370) . 288-130 . March 15, 1988 . Announcement letter . . January 19, 2025 . February 11, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250211193613/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS288-130 . live.
  32. Web site: IBM AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 1 . 292-183 . March 31, 1992 . Announcement letter . IBM . January 19, 2025 . February 12, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250212043302/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS292-183 . live.
  33. Web site: Availability: VM/ESA Version 2 Release 1.0 with OpenEdition for VM/ESA . 295-240 . June 12, 1995 . Announcement letter . IBM . January 19, 2025 . January 22, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250122193251/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS295-240 . live.
  34. Web site: 2002 IBM Internal Email on Project Monterey – "No One Wants It". May 20, 2007. Jones. Pamela. Pamela Jones. August 25, 2005. Groklaw. May 5, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100505065447/http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=2005082506163768. usurped.
  35. Web site: 1991-07-02 . IBM AIX Version 3 Source Code For RISC System/6000 . Announcement letter . 2025-01-19 . www.ibm.com . en-US . February 11, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250211211610/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS291-335 . live .
  36. Web site: 1992-01-21 . AIX Version 3.1 Source Code for RISC System/6000 . Announcement letter . 2025-01-19 . www.ibm.com . en-US.
  37. Web site: 1993-02-02 . AIX Version 3.2 Source Code for RISC System/6000 . Announcement letter . 2025-01-19 . www.ibm.com . en-US . February 11, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250211181637/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUSZP93-0158 . live .
  38. https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/NOPMKXDK IBM AIX: An executive guide to the strategy and roadmap for the AIX Operating Systemfor IBM Power Systems, 2024
  39. Web site: AIX support lifecycle information. November 12, 2020. IBM.
  40. Web site: AIX Software lifecycle. July 26, 2018. IBM.
  41. Web site: AIX software lifecycle dates. IBM. https://web.archive.org/web/20120427021255/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/support/aix/lifecycle/index.html. April 27, 2012. dead.
  42. Web site: IBM AIX Version 6.1 provides leadership virtualization, security features, availability, and management capabilities . 207-271 . Announcement letter . IBM.com . November 6, 2007 . January 19, 2025 . February 11, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250211173255/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS207-271 . live.
  43. Web site: Software withdrawal and support discontinuance: IBM AIX 6, IBM System Director for Power Systems and associated licensed programs . 915-204 . Announcement letter . IBM . September 29, 2015 . January 19, 2025 . February 11, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250211105908/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS915-204 . live.
  44. Web site: IBM AIX V7.1 and IBM PowerVM V2.2 offer new functions for virtualization, security, reliability, and system management for mission-critical, core business applications. August 17, 2010. IBM. January 21, 2023. January 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230121235838/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS210-200. live.
  45. Web site: Software withdrawal and support discontinuance: IBM AIX 7.1 Standard edition, IBM AIX 7.1 Enterprise editions 1.5, and IBM AIX Dynamic System Optimizer 1.1. October 19, 2021. IBM. January 21, 2023. January 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230121235838/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS921-107. live.
  46. Web site: IBM AIX 7.2 delivers the reliability, availability, performance, and security needed to be successful in the new global economy. October 5, 2015. IBM. January 21, 2023. January 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230121235839/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS215-393. live.
  47. Web site: IBM delivers enhanced capabilities with IBM AIX 7.3 Standard Edition. October 19, 2021. IBM. January 21, 2023. January 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230121235833/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS221-328. live.
  48. Web site: IBM delivers enhanced capabilities with IBM AIX 7.3 Standard Edition . 221-328 . Announcement letter . IBM . October 19, 2021 . January 19, 2025.
  49. Web site: IBM AIX 7.2 delivers the reliability, availability, performance, and security needed to be successful in the new global economy . Announcement letter . IBM.com . October 5, 2015 . January 19, 2025 . February 11, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250211133552/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS215-393 . live .
  50. Book: IBM AIX Enhancements and Modernization. https://books.google.com/books?id=Ni3KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66. February 4, 2020. IBM Redbooks. Scott Vetter, Navdeep Dhaliwal, Ahmed Mashhour, Armin Röll, Liviu Rosca. Chapter 2.2 AIX Secure boot. 978-0738458281. September 25, 2020. April 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220412234349/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ni3KDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA66. live.
  51. Web site: BM AIX V7.1 and IBM PowerVM V2.2 offer new functions for virtualization, security, reliability, and system management for mission-critical, core business applications . AP10-0184 . Announcement letter . IBM . August 17, 2010 . January 19, 2025.
  52. Web site: IBM AIX 5L for POWER V5.3 offers new levels of innovative and self-management technologies on advanced POWER5 systems. July 13, 2004. IBM. January 21, 2023. January 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230121235837/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS204-155. live.
  53. Web site: IBM AIX 5L for POWER V5.2 Delivers Industry-Leading Resource Management for Commercial and Enterprise Servers. October 8, 2002. IBM. January 21, 2023. January 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230121235837/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS202-270. live.
  54. Web site: Power Systems – IBM. n.d.. ibm.com. April 14, 2008. April 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220412234249/http://www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/servers. live.
  55. Web site: IBM AIX 5L Version 5.1 Advanced UNIX Operating System with Linux Affinity Delivers the Most Powerful and Flexible Choice for e-business and Enterprise Servers. April 17, 2001. IBM. January 21, 2023. January 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230121235838/https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS201-090. live.
  56. Web site: Unigroup Next Meeting Announcement. January 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20060829033329/http://www.unigroup.org/unigroup-0404.html. August 29, 2006. live.
  57. Web site: IBM AIX from Strength to Strength . December 12, 2024 . IBM . February 11, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250211114224/https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/system/files/inline-files/IBM%20AIX%20from%20Strength%20to%20Strength%202020%2013%20July%202020.pdf . live .
  58. Pace . Mark . November 29, 1999 . AIX 4.3.3 ups the scalability ante . InfoWorld . IDG Publications . 21 . 48 . 37 . Google Books.
  59. Web site: IBM's AIX is First Operating System in a 64-bit Environment to Receive C2 Security Certification. January 18, 1999. www-03.ibm.com. January 12, 2015. March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220524/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/2305.wss. dead.
  60. Web site: How HP improved the performance, reliability, and ease of use of its flagship PA-RISC operating system . John . Sontag . . April 1995 . https://web.archive.org/web/19961020154920/http://byte.com/art/9504/sec14/art2.htm . October 20, 1996 . usurped.
  61. Volume Managers in Linux. David. Teigland. Heinz. Mauelshagen. 2001 USENIX Annual Technical Conference. June 2001. USENIX Association. January 13, 2022. January 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220113055232/https://www.usenix.org/conference/2001-usenix-annual-technical-conference/volume-managers-linux. live.
  62. Web site: IBM AIX/ESA Version 2 Release 2 . 292-711 . December 15, 1992 . Announcement letter . IBM .
  63. Web site: IBM AIX/370 Version 1 Release 2.1 . 291-040 . February 5, 1991 . Announcement letter . . January 20, 2025 . February 11, 2025 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250211104820/https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS291-040 . live.
  64. Web site: Adding Open Source Applications to Your System . IBM . 21 January 2025.
  65. Web site: Object Data Manager (ODM). sysadminexperts.com. SysAdminExperts. June 18, 2016. June 13, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160613035746/http://sysadminexperts.com/basic-aix-course/aix-technical-topic/object-data-manager-odm/. dead.
  66. Web site: IBM Knowledge Center: Object data manager. ibm.com. IBM. June 18, 2016. August 10, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160810215310/https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/ssw_aix_71/com.ibm.aix.genprogc/odm.htm. live.
  67. Book: Nemeth, Evi . UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook . https://books.google.com/books?id=0SIdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA432 . 2011 . Prentice Hall . 978-0-13-148005-6 . 432–437 . Chapter 13. Drivers and the Kernel . June 7, 2017 . February 27, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170227081710/https://books.google.com/books?id=0SIdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA432 . live .
  68. Book: Michael. Randal. AIX 5L Administration. August 2, 2002. Mcgraw-hill. 9780072222555. 150. en. November 12, 2020. January 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044509/https://books.google.com/books?id=NS_2z4e67sQC&q=%22object+data+manager%22. live.
  69. Web site: IBM Training White Paper: Understanding the AIX Object Data Manager. globalknowledge.com. Global Knowledge. June 18, 2016. August 7, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160807075832/https://www.globalknowledge.com/us-en/resources/resource-library/white-papers/understanding-the-aix-object-data-manager/. live.
  70. Book: Frisch. Æleen. Essential System Administration: Tools and Techniques for Linux and Unix Administration. August 23, 2002. O'Reilly Media, Inc.. 9780596550493. 67. en. November 12, 2020. January 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123044336/https://books.google.com/books?id=uRW8V9QOL7YC&q=%22object+data+manager%22+AIX&pg=PT91. live.
  71. Book: Hein, Trent . Unix and Linux System Administration Handbook, Fourth Edition . Pearson . S.l . 2010 . 978-0-13-211736-4 . 1192343222 .
  72. Web site: Object Data Manager . 2025-07-22 . www.unix-ninja.com.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "IBM AIX".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2026, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.