| KRAFTON, Inc. | |
| Native Name: | ์ปดํผ๋ ํฌ๋ํํค |
| Type: | Public |
| Industry: | Video games |
| Hq Location City: | Bundang District, Seongnam |
| Hq Location Country: | South Korea |
| Revenue: | โฉ2.7 trillion US$1.9 billion (2024) |
| Num Employees: | โฅ3400 |
Krafton Inc. (ko|์ฃผ์ํ์ฌ ์ปดํผ๋ ํฌ๋ํํค) is a South Korean video game publisher and holding company based in Bundang District, Seongnam. It was created in November 2018 to serve as the parent company for Bluehole, founded by Chang Byung-gyu in Seoul in March 2007, and its subsidiaries. The company has published several notable video game titles including TERA, , New State Mobile, The Callisto Protocol, and InZOI.
Following the success of , which had led to both investment from Tencent Holdings, and expansion and acquisition of studios, Bluehole opted to establish Krafton on November 5th 2018, to serve as a holding company for its video game properties. "Krafton" was selected based on the names of craft guilds of the Middle Ages.[1] Kim Chang-han, the CEO of the PUBG Corporation (current PUBG Studios) that developed PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds, was named as CEO for Krafton.
The company announced its plans to file for an initial public offering in July 2021, filing its initial approval for listing on the Korea Stock Exchange in April 2021.[2] The firm planned to raise (US$5 billion) at a market valuation of .[3] The IPO was held on 10 August 2021; while its value dropped by 8.8% from the original asking price at the end of trading, it still ended with Krafton being valued at .[4]
Bluehole has acquired several development studios since its founding. On 5 November 2018, all subsidiaries were reorganized under one parent company: Krafton Game Union.
Bluehole Studio was founded in Seoul in March 2007 by Chang Byung-gyu.[5] Chang previously established Neowiz in 1997, along seven other co-founders, moved on to found search engine developer First Snow in 2005, and sold that venture in 2006.[6] The company announced on 22 April 2015 that they had changed their name to simply Bluehole.[7]
In August 2017, Chinese holding company Tencent announced that it had, following a rejected acquisition bid, invested an undisclosed amount of money into Bluehole.[8] Bluehole initially denied that any investment had been made,[9] but later stated that they were in talks with Tencent in multiple partnerships, including the acquisition of an equity stake in Bluehole by Tencent.[10] Subsequently, Tencent acquired 1.5% of Bluehole for a total of .[11] Tencent reaffirmed their intents to fully acquire Bluehole in November 2017.[12] [13] Korean magazine The Korea Times suggested that an initial public offering, through which Bluehole would become a public company, was "out of question" due to Chang Byung-gyu's position as chairman of both Bluehole and the Fourth Industrial Revolution committee.[14] At the time, 38 Communications, a company that tracks unlisted Korean stocks, valued the company at .[15] [16] Tencent plans to invest further to acquire further 10% ownership, raising their total stake to 11.5%.[17]
PUBG Studios (formerly Ginno Games, Bluehole Ginno Games and PUBG Corporation) is an internal studio of Bluehole's that developed one of the establishing battle royale games, PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG), based on user mods in other games by Brendan "PlayerUnknown" Greene and who was hired by PUBG Studios to develop it into a full title. Originally, Ginno Games had been founded by Kim Chang-han to develop MMOs, but around 2014, he had been forced to lay off a third of his staff as their last product had not performed well.[18] He sold Ginno Games to Bluehole on 27 January 2015, with the sale to close on 27 March that year.[19] [20] At the time, Ginno Games employed 60 people. Ginno Games changed their corporate name to Bluehole Ginno Games in May 2015. Shortly after Bluehole's acquisition in 2015, Chang-han reached out to Greene to offer him support to build out his battle royale at Bluehole Ginno, which Greene accepted. PUBG was first released in early access in March 2017 as a highly popular game. Following the success of PUBG in 2017, Bluehole Ginno Games was renamed PUBG Corporation in September 2017.[21]
A second office was established in Madison, Wisconsin, in late 2017, with two further offices in Amsterdam and Japan opened later.[22] [23] On 12 March 2018, PUBG Corporation acquired New York-based studio MadGlory, which was renamed PUBG MadGlory.[24]
Greene, having been based in the Seoul offices of PUBG Corporation, left that division in March 2019 to lead a new subsidiary, PUBG Special Projects, at the Amsterdam office, later renamed to PUBG Productions.[25] PUBG Productions announced their first game Prologue at The Game Awards 2019 in December. Unrelated to Battlegrounds, Prologue is called an exploration of gameplay and technology, and said "to give players unique and memorable experiences, each and every time they play".[26]
At the end of 2019 Tencent Games announced some big plans for PUBG in India's upcoming future, as well as its general eSports.[27]
Krafton fully merged PUBG Corporation into their internal studio system in December 2020, rebranding the team as PUBG Studios.[28]
On 9 November 2020, it was announced that Krafton will participate in G-Star 2020 to introduce their upcoming multiplayer online game Elyon through Krafton, an e-sports reality show where celebrities and streamers entered a special school that specialized in battlegrounds conduct episodes and talk related to PUBG Series 3. Celebrities (G)I-dle's Song Yuqi and Ailee and streamers Chyo Man and Choi Kwang-won appeared in the show.[29]
In September 2020, the Government of India banned PUBG Mobile in the country along with several apps published by Chinese vendors, in this case Tencent Games, due to data privacy issues. To relaunch the game back in India, Krafton took back the control of Intellectual Property (IP) of the game for the Indian region from Tencent. An aesthetically new version of PUBG Mobile, Battlegrounds Mobile India, was launched on 2 July 2021 for Android[30] and on 18 August 2021 for iOS.[31] This time the game was published by Krafton, Inc.
In February 2021, PUBG Studios announced the development of , the second installment in the PUBG Universe, set in the future (2051). Drones, shields, weapon customization, neon sights, reviving teammates and 'recruiting' knocked out enemies are just some of the new mechanics in PUBG: New State. The game released on 11 November 2021, and reported through a presentation that to date the game had exceeded 55 million pre-registrations on Google Play and App Store.[32] [33] On 27 January 2022, a name change was announced, going from being called "PUBG: New State" to being called "New State Mobile". According to Krafton this was done to create a unique mobile-centric experience, and through that change they were putting it into practice.[34]
In Fall 2024, Krafton signed a licensing agreement with Pocketpair for Palworlds intellectual property. PUBG Studios announced it has begun developing a mobile version of the game.[35]
In June 2019, a new American studio called Striking Distance was opened in conjunction with Glen Schofield, the co-founder of Sledgehammer Games. Striking Distance, headed by Schofield as chief executive officer, was set to develop narrative-driven games based on PUBG.[36] The studio's first game is The Callisto Protocol, a survival horror game. It was originally intended to be set within the PUBG universe but that never went into fruition. It was released on December 2, 2022. In August 2024, the studio announced [REDACTED], a new game set in the Callisto Protocol universe.[37] [REDACTED] was released on 28 October 2024, receiving initial positive reviews.[38]
Striking Distance Studios is headquartered in San Ramon, California.[39]
RisingWings is a South Korean video game development studio formed by the merger of Pnix and Delusion. RisingWings focuses primarily on casual mobile games.[40] RisingWings is based in Seoul.[41] [42]
Dreamotion is a South Korean video game development studio founded in July 2016.[43] They primarily focus on developing mobile games.[44] Dreamotion was acquired by Krafton on 13 May 2021.[45] [46] [47] The studio's latest game and first console and PC title is the adventure game, My Little Puppy.
Thingsflow Inc. an interactive content production company known for Hellobot, a chat-based content platform that allows users to engage with bot-driven characters through dedicated apps and messenger services. As of May 2021, Hellobot has more than four million users throughout Korea and Japan. On 29 June 2021 this company was acquired by Krafton.[48]
See main article: Unknown Worlds Entertainment. Unknown Worlds Entertainment, founded in 2001 in San Francisco, California, is an American video game develepment studio renowned for titles like Natural Selection and Subnautica.[49] In October 2021, the studio was acquired by Krafton. In August 2022, they announced the development of Moonbreaker, a turn-based strategy game set in a sci-fi universe crafted by author Brandon Sanderson.[50] [51] [52] The game had its full release on February 2, 2024.[53]
The studio is currently developing Subnautica 2, the sequel to Subnautica (2018) and (2021). Subnautica 2 is scheduled to enter early access in 2026 and will initially be available on Windows and Xbox Series X/S.[54]
In July 2025, Krafton announced that Unknown Worlds co-founders Charlie Cleveland and Max McGuire, as well as the CEO Ted Gill, had been replaced by Steve Papoutsis, who previously worked at Striking Distance Studios.[55] The leadership change prompted widespread criticism from the video game community.[56] In a follow-up statement, Krafton stated that the original leadership had been removed due to its alleged abandonment of responsibilities, which the company claimed had caused significant delays in the development of Subnautica 2.[57] Later that month, Cleveland, McGuire and Gill filed a lawsuit against Krafton in response to their firings claiming that their terminations and the delay of the game's early access release were intended to prevent the payment of a previously promised $250 million bonus to the studio.[58]
5minlab is a South Korean video game development studio founded in 2013, known for developing Smash Legends, Baam Squad, Toy Clash, among others.[59] It is also known for developing live Q&A broadcast systems and providing AR/VR software and content to large corporations and broadcast companies. This company was acquired by Krafton in February 2022.[60] [61]
Notable games developed by 5minlab after its acquisition by Krafton include Kill the Crows, a fast-paced top-down western arena shooter, and Private Military Manager. The studio is currently developing Dinkum Together, a multiplayer spin-off of the life simulation game Dinkum, by James Bendon. In February 2025, it was announced that Krafton had acquired publishing rights for all titles within the Dinkum IP.[62] [63]
In November 2022, it was announced that Krafton had acquired Neon Giant, the Uppsala-based Swedish developer of The Ascent.[64]
Krafton opened Krafton Montreal Studio, its first Canadian studio, in February 2023. As its first game, the studio is developing Project Windless, a game based on the South Korean fantasy novel The Bird That Drinks Tears by Lee Yeongdo.[65] [66]
ReLu Games is a South Korean video game development studio founded internally within Krafton in June 2023 that to develop games that integrate deep learning technology through AI. MJ Kim, the head of the studio, previously Krafton's Special Project II incubation program.[67] Its most recent game is MIMESIS, a co-op survival horror game released on October 27, 2025 for Windows via Steam in early access,[68] and its upcoming title being Scavenger T.O.M., a survival crafting game.
Flyway Games is a indie-style South Korean video game development studio founded internally within Krafton best known for Commander Quest, a roguelike deckbuilder/auto battler.[69] Its upcoming games are Ascend to ZERO, an action roguelike,[70] and Waltz and Jam, an action-adventure game.
See main article: Tango Gameworks.
On August 11, 2024, Krafton announced their purchase of Tango Gameworks and the intellectual property rights to Hi-Fi Rush from Microsoft Gaming following the studio's closure earlier that June. The development studio acts as Krafton's first video game subsidiary based in Japan, with the rights to previous Tango games remaining with Microsoft Gaming's ZeniMax Media division. Following the acquisition, Krafton plans "to continue developing the Hi-Fi Rush IP and explore future projects", while also forged a strategic partnership with Microsoft, including help integrate Tango among the others Krafton's studios and support future Hi-Fi Rush projects.[71] [72]
In early 2025, it was announced that Krafton had founded InZOI Studio, the development studio behind the simulation game InZOI.[73]
In June 2025, Krafton announced its first Steam publisher sale, including Pizza Bandit by Korean / USA indie game develepment studio JofSoft, confirming that the studio has recently joined Krafton.[74]
On the 25th July 2025, Krafton announced that it had acquired Last Epoch developer Eleventh Hour Games. The initial purchase price was $96 million.[75]
L-Time Games was founded in June 2009.[76] The company attracted a and a investment from Knet Investment Partners and IMM Investments, respectively.[77] L-Time Games was acquired by and merged into Bluehole in January 2014.
Maui Games was a mobile game developer founded in 2013 by Woonghee Cho,[78] previously head of business development for Neowiz.[79] Bluehole Studio announced on 16 January 2015 that they were acquiring the company, which was completed in October that year. At Bluehole's January 2017 shareholders' meeting, it was decided that Maui Games would enter liquidation, which was effective immediately.[80] Nine staff members of Maui Games, a fraction of that company's total employee count, were reemployed directly within Bluehole.
Pnix (formerly Bluehole Pnix) was a mobile game developer. The company was founded as Pnix Games in 2012.[81] Bluehole announced that they had acquired Pnix Games, alongside Squall, on 22 April 2015. After becoming a subsidiary of Krafton, Pnix Games changed their corporate name to Bluehole Pnix in June 2016. In 2018, this decision was reversed, and their corporate name was again changed back to Pnix. In 2020, Pnix was merged with Delusion to form RisingWings.
Squall (formerly Bluehole Squall) was a mobile game developer. The company was founded as Squall by Park Jin-seok, a founding member of Neowiz, in 2013.[82] Bluehole announced that they had acquired Squall, alongside Pnix Games, on 22 April 2015. After becoming a subsidiary of Krafton, Squall changed their corporate name to Bluehole Squall in March 2016. Similar to Pnix, the name change decision was reversed back to Squall in 2018. It was shut down by Krafton after internal conflicts in 2020.[83]
Red Sahara Studio was a mobile game developer headed by Lee Ji-hoon.[84] On 12 March 2018, Bluehole completed the acquisition of the studio in a stock swap deal.[85] Red Sahara was developing a mobile game based on TERA.
Delusion Studio was founded in April 2011 headed by Kang Moon-chul.[86] On 22 June 2018, Bluehole announced the acquisition of the studio.[87] Delusion developed mobile games such as Guardian Stone, Jellipo, House of Mice and, most notably, Castle Burn.[88] In 2020, Delusion was merged with Pnix to form RisingWings.
Originally established as Bluehole Interactive in June 2008, En Masse Entertainment served as Krafton's North American publishing arm. On 26 February 2010, the company announced that it had changed its corporate name to En Masse Entertainment.[89]
In September 2020, En Masse Entertainment announced that it would be shutting down its offices after 10 years of service in the gaming industry.[90] Following this decision, Krafton began self-publishing TERA's Console version worldwide, with Gameforge taking over publication of the gameโs PC version.[91] [92]
Krafton AI, headquartered in Seoul, is a research and development center focused on advancing deep learning technologies. Research directions include vision and animation, language models, voice synthesis, and reinforcement learning.
At CES 2025, Krafton introduced two deep learning-based game technologies developed in collaboration with NVIDIA: PUBG Ally and Smart Zoi.[93] Smart Zois are included in the early access version of InZOI, together with other deep learning-powered solutions such as the 3D printer, to generate 3D assets from images, and more.[94] [95]
In April 2025, Krafton and NVIDIA discussed deepening their collaboration, with focus on Agentic AI and Embodied AI.[96]
Krafton supports various studios and companies worldwide, including:
In April 2025, Krafton announced Blue Ocean Games, a $30 million venture capital fund.[105] The mission of the fund is to support about 100 indie game developers over three years.
In 2026, Krafton, in collaboration with Naver Corporation and Mirae Asset Securities, launched a growth investment fund focused on technology startups in India. The "Unicorn Growth Fund" will be begin with initial investments of around $137 million each from Krafton and Naver, but expects to eventually deploy around $670 million over four years.[106]
| Title | Year | Developer | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TERA | 2011 | Bluehole Studio | Developer only. Shut down on 30 June 2022 (Console edition still active) | |
| Devilian | 2015 | Bluehole Studio | Originally published by Devilian, later by Krafton. Shut down on 5 March 2018. | |
| Mini Golf King | 2017 | Bluehole Studio | ||
| PUBG Studios | ||||
| Road to Valor: World War II | 2019 | Bluehole Studio | ||
| Elyon | 2020 | Bluehole Studio | Developer only. Shut down globally on 19 September 2023 |
| Year | Title | Developer | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | PUBG Mobile | LightSpeed & Quantum Studio | Publisher in Korea & Japan only. |
| 2019 | Mistover | Krafton | |
| 2021 | Battlegrounds Mobile India | Krafton | Publisher in India only |
| New State Mobile | PUBG Studios | Originally released as "PUBG: New State" | |
| Thunder Tier One | Krafton | ||
| Ronin: The Last Samurai | Dreamotion Inc. | ||
| 2022 | The Callisto Protocol | Striking Distance Studios | |
| Road to Valor: Empires | Dreamotion Inc. | ||
| 2023 | Defense Derby | Rising Wings | |
| 2024 | Garuda Saga | Alchemist Games Inc. | Publisher in India only. |
| Bullet Echo India | ZeptoLab | Publisher in India only. | |
| Moonbreaker | Unknown Worlds Entertainment | In 2022 in early access | |
| [Redacted] | Striking Distance Studios | ||
| Cookie Run India | Devsisters | Publisher in India only. | |
| 2025 | Dark and Darker Mobile | Bluehole | Soft launch on February 4 (Canada and US)[107] |
| inZOI | inZOI Studio | Early access release: 28 March 2025[108] | |
| Hi-Fi Rush | Tango Gameworks | Took over publishing duties from Bethesda[109] | |
| 2026 | Subnautica 2 | Unknown Worlds Entertainment | Early access in 2026 for Xbox Series X and S, and PC[110] |
| TBA | PUBG: Black Budget[111] | PUBG Studios | |
| NO LAW | Neon Giant | Announced at The Game Awards[112] [113] | |
| Project Windless[114] | Krafton Montreal Studio | Based on The Bird That Drinks Tears, a Korean novel series | |
| Hi-Fi Rush 2 | Tango Gameworks | ||
| Rivals Hover League | EF Games | Announced in March 2025[115] |
