| Lycian | |
| Languages: | Lycian language |
| Type: | Alphabet |
| Time: | 500 – 200 BC |
| Fam1: | Phoenician |
| Fam2: | Greek? |
| Sisters: | Carian, Lydian, Phrygian |
| Unicode: | U+10280 - U+1029F |
| Iso15924: | Lyci |
The Lycian alphabet was used to write the Lycian language of the Asia Minor region of Lycia. It was an extension of the Greek alphabet, with half a dozen additional letters for sounds not found in Greek. It was largely similar to the Lydian and the Phrygian alphabets.
The Lycian alphabet[1] [2] contains letters for 29 sounds. Some sounds are represented by more than one symbol, which is considered one "letter". There are six vowel letters, one for each of the four oral vowels of Lycian, and separate letters for two of the four nasal vowels. Nine of the Lycian letters do not appear to derive from the Greek alphabet.
| Lycian letter | Transliteration | IPA | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | pronounced as /[a]/ | |||
| b | pronounced as /[β]/ | |||
| g | pronounced as /[ɣ]/ | |||
| d | pronounced as /[ð]/ | |||
| i | pronounced as /[i]/, pronounced as /[ĩ]/ | |||
| w | pronounced as /[w]/ | |||
| z | pronounced as /[t͡s]/ | |||
| h | pronounced as /[h]/ | |||
| θ | [θ] | |||
| j or y | pronounced as /[j]/ | |||
| k | pronounced as /[kʲ]/ | pronounced as /[ɡʲ]/ after nasals | ||
| l | pronounced as /[l]/ and pronounced as /[l̩]/~pronounced as /[əl]/ | |||
| m | pronounced as /[m]/ | |||
| n | pronounced as /[n]/ | |||
| u | pronounced as /[u]/, pronounced as /[ũ]/ | |||
| p | pronounced as /[p]/ | pronounced as /[b]/ after nasals | ||
| κ or c | pronounced as /[k]/? pronounced as /[kʲ]/? pronounced as /[h(e)]/ | |||
| r | pronounced as /[r]/ and pronounced as /[r̩]/~pronounced as /[ər]/ | |||
| s | pronounced as /[s]/ | |||
| t | pronounced as /[t]/ | pronounced as /[d]/ after nasals. ñt is pronounced as /[d]/ as in / Ñtemuχlida for Greek Greek, Modern (1453-);: Δημοκλείδης / Greek, Modern (1453-);: Dēmokleídēs.[3] | ||
| e | pronounced as /[e]/ | |||
| ã | pronounced as /[ã]/ | / Lusãtra for Greek Greek, Modern (1453-);: Λύσανδρος / Greek, Modern (1453-);: Lúsandros.[4] | ||
| ẽ | pronounced as /[ẽ]/ | |||
| m̃ | pronounced as /[m̩]/, pronounced as /[əm]/, pronounced as /[m.]/ | originally perhaps syllabic pronounced as /[m]/, later coda pronounced as /[m]/ | ||
| ñ | pronounced as /[n̩]/, pronounced as /[ən]/, pronounced as /[n.]/ | originally perhaps syllabic pronounced as /[n]/, later coda pronounced as /[n]/ | ||
| τ | pronounced as /[tʷ]/? pronounced as /[t͡ʃ]/? | |||
| q | pronounced as /[k]/ | pronounced as /[ɡ]/ after nasals | ||
| β | pronounced as /[k]/? pronounced as /[kʷ]/? | voiced after nasals | ||
| χ | pronounced as /[q]/ | pronounced as /[ɢ]/ after nasals |
Lycian uses the following number symbols: I (vertical stroke) = 1, < ("less than" sign) (or, rarely, L or C or V or Y) = 5, O (circle) = 10; a horizontal stroke — is one half;[5] a symbol somewhat like our letter H may mean 100.[6]
The number 128½ would therefore be expressed as HOO See main article: Lycian (Unicode block). The Lycian alphabet was added to the Unicode Standard in April, 2008 with the release of version 5.1.It is encoded in Plane 1 (Supplementary Multilingual Plane). The Unicode block for Lycian is U+10280 - U+1029F:
Unicode
See also
References
External links
Notes and References
