March 8 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 1010  - Ferdowsi completes his epic poem Shahnameh.^[1]
• 1126  - Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.^[2]
• 1262  - Battle of Hausbergen between bourgeois militias and the army of the bishop of Strasbourg.^[3]
• 1558  - The city of Pori (sv|Björneborg) is founded by Duke John on the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia.^[4]

1601–1900

• 1658  - Treaty of Roskilde: After a devastating defeat in the Northern Wars (1655–1661), Frederick III, the King of Denmark–Norway is forced to give up nearly half his territory to Sweden.^[5]
• 1702  - Queen Anne, the younger sister of Mary II, becomes Queen regnant of England, Scotland, and Ireland.^[6]
• 1722  - The Safavid Empire of Iran is defeated by an army from Afghanistan at the Battle of Gulnabad.^[7]
• 1736  - Nader Shah, founder of the Afsharid dynasty, is crowned Shah of Iran.^[8]
• 1775  - An anonymous writer, thought by some to be Thomas Paine, publishes "African Slavery in America", the first article in the American colonies calling for the emancipation of slaves and the abolition of slavery.^[9]
• 1782  - Gnadenhutten massacre: Ninety-six Native Americans in Gnadenhutten, Ohio, who had converted to Christianity, are killed by Pennsylvania militiamen in retaliation for raids carried out by other Indian tribes.^[10]
• 1801  - War of the Second Coalition: At the Battle of Abukir, a British force under Sir Ralph Abercromby lands in Egypt with the aim of ending the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.^[11]
• 1844  - King Oscar I ascends to the thrones of Sweden and Norway.^[12]
• 1844  - The Althing, the parliament of Iceland, was reopened after 45 years of closure.^[13]
• 1868  - Sakai incident: Japanese samurai kill 11 French sailors in the port of Sakai, Osaka.^[14]

1901–present

• 1910  - French aviator Raymonde de Laroche becomes the first woman to receive a pilot's license.^[15]
• 1916  - World War I: A British force unsuccessfully attempts to relieve the siege of Kut (present-day Iraq) in the Battle of Dujaila.^[16]
• 1917  - International Women's Day protests in Petrograd mark the beginning of the February Revolution (February 23 in the Julian calendar).^[17]
• 1917  - The United States Senate votes to limit filibusters by adopting the cloture rule.^[18]
• 1921  - Spanish Prime Minister Eduardo Dato Iradier is assassinated while on his way home from the parliament building in Madrid.^[19]
• 1924  - A mine disaster kills 172 coal miners near Castle Gate, Utah.^[20]
• 1936  - Daytona Beach and Road Course holds its first oval stock car race.^[21]
• 1937  - Spanish Civil War: The Battle of Guadalajara begins.^[22]
• 1942  - World War II: The Dutch East Indies surrender Java to the Imperial Japanese Army.^[23]
• 1942  - World War II: Imperial Japanese Army forces captured Rangoon, Burma from British.^[24]
• 1949  - President of France Vincent Auriol and ex-Vietnamese emperor Bảo Đại sign the Élysée Accords, giving Vietnam greater independence from France and creating the State of Vietnam to oppose Viet Minh-led Democratic Republic of Vietnam.^{[25] [26]}
• 1950  - The iconic Volkswagen Type 2 "Bus" begins production.^[27]
• 1962  - A Turkish Airlines Fokker F27 Friendship crashes into Mount Medetsiz in the Taurus Mountains of Turkey, killing all 11 people on board.^[28]
• 1963  - The Ba'ath Party comes to power in Syria in a coup d'état.^[29]
• 1965  - Vietnam War: US Marines arrive at Da Nang.^[30]
• 1965  - Aeroflot Flight 513 crashes during takeoff from Kuybyshev Airport, killing 30 and injuring 9.^[31]
• 1966  - Nelson's Pillar in Dublin, Ireland, is destroyed by a bomb.^[32]
• 1979  - Philips demonstrates the compact disc publicly for the first time.^[33]
• 1979  - Images taken by Voyager 1 prove the existence of volcanoes on Io, a moon of Jupiter.^[34]
• 1983  - Cold War: While addressing a convention of Evangelicals, U.S. President Ronald Reagan labels the Soviet Union an "evil empire".^[35]
• 1985  - A supposed failed assassination attempt on Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon kills 80 and injures 200 others.^[36]
• 1988  - Aeroflot Flight 3379 is hijacked by the Ovechkin family and diverted to Veshchevo in the Soviet Union.^[37]
• 1994  - A collision at Indira Gandhi International Airport kills 9 people.
• 2001  - Space Shuttle Discovery launches on STS-102, carrying the Expedition 2 crew to the International Space Station.^[38]
• 2004  - A new constitution is signed by Iraq's Governing Council.^[39]
• 2010  - Headlined by Hulk Hogan and Ric Flair, TNA Wrestling moved its flagship program, TNA Impact!, to Monday night. This effort to go "big time live" failed but is notable in the history of professional wrestling television.^[40]
• 2014  - In one of aviation's greatest mysteries, Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, carrying a total of 239 people, disappears en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing.^[41] The fate of the flight remains unknown.
• 2017  - The Azure Window, a natural arch on the Maltese island of Gozo, collapses in stormy weather.^[42]
• 2018  - The first Aurat March (social/political demonstration) was held being International Women's Day in Karachi, Pakistan, since then annually held across Pakistan and feminist slogan Mera Jism Meri Marzi (My body, my choice), in demand for women's right to bodily autonomy and against gender-based violence came into vogue in Pakistan.^{[43] [44] [45]}
• 2021  - International Women's Day marches in Mexico become violent with 62 police officers and 19 civilians injured in Mexico City alone.^[46]
• 2021  - Twenty-eight political institutions in Myanmar establish the National Unity Consultative Council, a historic alliance of ethnic armed organizations and democratically elected leaders in response to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état^[47]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1495  - John of God, Portuguese friar and saint (died 1550)^[48]

1601–1900

• 1712  - John Fothergill, English physician and botanist (died 1780)^[49]
• 1714  - Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, German pianist and composer (died 1788)^[50]
• 1726  - Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, English admiral and politician, Treasurer of the Navy (died 1799)^[51]
• 1746  - André Michaux, French botanist and explorer (died 1802)^[52]
• 1748  - William V, Prince of Orange (died 1806)^[53]
• 1761  - Jan Potocki, Polish ethnologist, historian, linguist, and author (died 1815)^[54]
• 1799  - Simon Cameron, American journalist and politician, United States Secretary of War (died 1889)^[55]
• 1804  - Alvan Clark, American astronomer and optician (died 1887)^[56]
• 1822  - Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Polish inventor and businessman, invented the Kerosene lamp (died 1882)^[57]
• 1827  - Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist and anthropologist (died 1875)^[58]
• 1830  - João de Deus, Portuguese poet and educator (died 1896)^[59]
• 1836  - Harriet Samuel, English businesswoman and founder the jewellery retailer H. Samuel (died 1908)^[60]
• 1841  - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., American lawyer and jurist (died 1935)^[61]
• 1851  - Frank Avery Hutchins, American librarian and educator (died 1914)^[62]
• 1856  - Bramwell Booth, English 2nd General of The Salvation Army (died 1929)^[63]
• 1856  - Colin Campbell Cooper, American painter and academic (died 1937)^[64]
• 1858  - Ida Hunt Udall, American diarist and homesteader (died 1915)^[65]
• 1859  - Kenneth Grahame, British author (died 1932)^[66]
• 1865  - Frederic Goudy, American type designer (died 1947)^[67]
• 1879  - Otto Hahn, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1968)^[68]
• 1886  - Edward Calvin Kendall, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1972)^[69]
• 1892  - Juana de Ibarbourou, Uruguayan poet and author (died 1979)^[70]
• 1896  - Charlotte Whitton, Canadian journalist and politician, 46th Mayor of Ottawa (died 1975)^[71]

1901–present

• 1902  - Louise Beavers, American actress and singer (died 1962)^[72]
• 1902  - Jennings Randolph, American journalist and politician (died 1998)^[73]
• 1907  - Konstantinos Karamanlis, Greek lawyer and politician, President of Greece (died 1998)^[74]
• 1909  - Beatrice Shilling, English motorcycle racer and engineer (died 1990)^[75]
• 1910  - Claire Trevor, American actress (died 2000)^[76]
• 1911  - Alan Hovhaness, Armenian-American pianist and composer (died 2000)^[77]
• 1912  - Preston Smith, American businessman and politician, Governor of Texas (died 2003)^[78]
• 1912  - Meldrim Thomson Jr., American publisher and politician, Governor of New Hampshire (died 2001)^[79]
• 1914  - Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Belarusian-Russian physicist and astronomer (died 1987)^[80]
• 1918  - Eileen Herlie, Scottish-American actress (died 2008)^[81]
• 1921  - Alan Hale Jr., American actor and restaurateur (died 1990)^[82]
• 1922  - Ralph H. Baer, German-American video game designer, created the Magnavox Odyssey (died 2014)^[83]
• 1922  - Cyd Charisse, American actress and dancer (died 2008)^[84]
• 1922  - Carl Furillo, American baseball player (died 1989)^[85]
• 1922  - Shigeru Mizuki, Japanese author and illustrator (died 2015)^[86]
• 1924  - Anthony Caro, English sculptor and illustrator (died 2013)^[87]
• 1924  - Sean McClory, Irish-American actor and director (died 2003)^[88]
• 1924  - Addie L. Wyatt, American civil rights activist and labor leader (died 2012)^[89]
• 1925  - Warren Bennis, American scholar, author, and academic (died 2014)^[90]
• 1926  - Francisco Rabal, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2001)^[91]
• 1927  - Ramon Revilla Sr., Filipino actor and politician (died 2020)^[92]
• 1928  - Lore Segal, American novelist (died 2024)^[93]
• 1930  - Bob Grim, American baseball player (died 1996)^[94]
• 1930  - Douglas Hurd, English politician^[95]
• 1931  - Neil Adcock, South African cricketer (died 2013)^[96]
• 1931  - John McPhee, American author and educator^[97]
• 1931  - Neil Postman, American author and social critic (died 2003)^[98]
• 1931  - Gerald Potterton, English-Canadian animator, director, and producer (died 2022)^[99]
• 1934  - Marv Breeding, American baseball player and scout (died 2006)^[100]
• 1935  - George Coleman, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader^[101]
• 1936  - Panditrao Agashe, Indian businessman (died 1986)^[102]
• 1936  - Sue Ane Langdon, American actress and singer^[103]
• 1937  - Richard Fariña, American singer-songwriter and author (died 1966)^[104]
• 1937  - Juvénal Habyarimana, Rwandan politician, President of Rwanda (died 1994)^[105]
• 1939  - Jim Bouton, American baseball player and journalist (died 2019)^[106]
• 1939  - Lynn Seymour, Canadian ballerina and choreographer^[107] (died 2023)
• 1939  - Lidiya Skoblikova, Russian speed skater and coach^[108]
• 1939  - Robert Tear, Welsh tenor and conductor (died 2011)^[109]
• 1941  - Norman Stone, British historian, author, and academic (died 2019)^[110]
• 1942  - Dick Allen, American baseball player and tenor (died 2020)^[111]
• 1942  - Ann Packer, English sprinter, hurdler, and long jumper^[112]
• 1943  - Susan Clark, Canadian actress and producer^[113]
• 1943  - Lynn Redgrave, English-American actress and singer (died 2010)^[114]
• 1944  - Carole Bayer Sager, American singer-songwriter
• 1944  - Sergey Nikitin, Russian singer-songwriter and guitarist^[115]
• 1945  - Micky Dolenz, American singer-songwriter and actor
• 1945  - Anselm Kiefer, German painter and sculptor^[116]
• 1946  - Randy Meisner, American singer-songwriter and bass player (died 2023)^[117]
• 1947  - Michael S. Hart, American author, founded Project Gutenberg (died 2011)^[118]
• 1948  - Mel Galley, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2008)^[119]
• 1948  - Peggy March, American singer-songwriter
• 1948  - Jonathan Sacks, English rabbi, philosopher, and scholar (died 2020)^[120]
• 1949  - Teofilo Cubillas, Peruvian footballer^[121]
• 1951  - Phil Edmonds, Zambian-English cricketer^[122]
• 1951  - Dianne Walker, American tap dancer^[123]
• 1953  - Jim Rice, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1954  - Steve James, American documentary filmmaker^[124]
• 1954  - David Wilkie, Sri Lankan-Scottish swimmer (died 2024)^[125]
• 1956  - Laurie Cunningham, English footballer (died 1989)^[126]
• 1956  - David Malpass, American economist and government official^[127]
• 1957  - Clive Burr, English rock drummer (died 2013)^[128]
• 1957  - Billy Childs, American pianist and composer^[129]
• 1958  - Gary Numan, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer^[130]
• 1959  - Lester Holt, American journalist^[131]
• 1959  - Aidan Quinn, American actor
• 1960  - Irek Mukhamedov, Russian ballet dancer^[132]
• 1960  - Buck Williams, American basketball player and coach^[133]
• 1961  - Camryn Manheim, American actress
• 1961  - Larry Murphy, Canadian ice hockey player^[134]
• 1962  - Leon Robinson, American actor^[135]
• 1965  - Kenny Smith, American basketball player and sportscaster^[136]
• 1966  - Greg Barker, Baron Barker of Battle, English politician^[137]
• 1968  - Michael Bartels, German race car driver^[138]
• 1968  - Shawn Mullins, American singer-songwriter^[139]
• 1970  - Jason Elam, American football player^[140]
• 1970  - Andrea Parker, American actress^[139]
• 1972  - Matt Nable, Australian rugby league player and actor^[141]
• 1972  - Lena Sundström, Swedish journalist and author^[142]
• 1973  - Boris Kodjoe, Austrian-German actor^[139]
• 1976  - Chris Clark, American ice hockey player^[143]
• 1976  - Juan Encarnación, Dominican baseball player^[144]
• 1976  - Freddie Prinze Jr., American actor, producer, and screenwriter^[145]
• 1976  - Hines Ward, Korean-American football player^[146]
• 1977  - James Van Der Beek, American actor (died 2026)^[147]
• 1977  - Johann Vogel, Swiss footballer^[148]
• 1978  - Nick Zano, American actor^[139]
• 1979  - Tom Chaplin, English singer-songwriter and musician^[139]
• 1982  - Erik Ersberg, Swedish ice hockey player^[149]
• 1982  - Leonidas Kampantais, Greek footballer^[150]
• 1982  - Keemstar, American YouTuber^[151]
• 1982  - Kat Von D, American tattoo artist and model^[152]
• 1983  - André Santos, Brazilian footballer^[153]
• 1983  - Mark Worrell, American baseball player^[154]
• 1984  - Yoshihisa Hirano, Japanese baseball player^[155]
• 1984  - Ross Taylor, New Zealand cricketer^[156]
• 1984  - Sasha Vujačić, Slovenian basketball player^[157]
• 1985  - Maria Ohisalo, Finnish politician and researcher^[158]
• 1986  - Chad Gable, American wrestler^[159]
• 1986  - Thomas Morstead, American football player^[160]
• 1987  - Milana Vayntrub, Uzbekistani-American actress and comedian^[139]
• 1987  - Jonathan Wright, Australian rugby league player^[161]
• 1988  - Benny Blanco, American record producer^[162]
• 1988  - Tommy Pham, American baseball player^[163]
• 1989  - Robbie Hummel, American basketball player and sportscaster^[164]
• 1990  - Kristinia DeBarge, American singer-songwriter and actress^[139]
• 1990  - Asier Illarramendi, Spanish footballer^[165]
• 1990  - Brandon Kozun, American-Canadian ice hockey player^[166]
• 1990  - Petra Kvitová, Czech tennis player^[167]
• 1990  - Kevin Zeitler, American football player^[168]
• 1991  - Yoon Ji-sung, South Korean singer and actor^[169]
• 1993  - Rui Machida, Japanese basketball player^[170]
• 1994  - Claire Emslie, Scottish footballer^[171]
• 1995  - Marko Gudurić, Serbian basketball player^[172]
• 1995  - Isaiah Whitehead, American basketball player^[173]
• 1996  - Kyle Allen, American football player^[174]
• 1997  - Tijana Bošković, Serbian volleyball player^[175]
• 1999  - Nathan McSweeney, Australian cricketer^[176]
• 2003  - Montana Jordan, American actor^[177]
• 2004  - Kit Connor, English actor^[178]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 1126  - Urraca of León and Castile (born 1079)^[179]
• 1137  - Adela of Normandy, by marriage countess of Blois (born)^[180]
• 1144  - Pope Celestine II^[181]
• 1403  - Bayezid I, Ottoman sultan (born 1360)^{[182] [183]}
• 1466  - Francesco I Sforza, Duke of Milan (born 1401)^[184]
• 1550  - John of God, Portuguese friar and saint (born 1495)

1601–1900

• 1619  - Veit Bach, German baker and miller^[185]
• 1641  - Xu Xiake, Chinese geographer and explorer (born 1587)^[186]
• 1702  - William III of England (born 1650)^[187]
• 1717  - Abraham Darby I, English blacksmith (born 1678)^[188]
• 1723  - Povel Juel, Norwegian civil servant (born c.1673)^[189]
• 1723  - Christopher Wren, English architect, designed St. Paul's Cathedral (born 1632)^[190]
• 1844  - Charles XIV John of Sweden (born 1763)^[191]
• 1869  - Hector Berlioz, French composer, conductor, and critic (born 1803)^[192]
• 1872  - Priscilla Susan Bury, British botanist (born 1799)^[193]
• 1872  - Cornelius Krieghoff, Dutch-Canadian painter (born 1815)^[194]
• 1874  - Millard Fillmore, American lawyer and politician, 13th President of the United States (born 1800)^[195]
• 1887  - Henry Ward Beecher, American minister and activist (born 1813)^[196]
• 1887  - James Buchanan Eads, American engineer, designed the Eads Bridge (born 1820)^[197]
• 1889  - John Ericsson, Swedish-American engineer (born 1803)^[198]

1901–present

• 1917  - Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German general and businessman (born 1838)^[199]
• 1923  - Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1837)^[200]
• 1930  - William Howard Taft, American politician, 27th President of the United States (born 1857)^[201]
• 1930  - Edward Terry Sanford, American jurist and politician, United States Assistant Attorney General (born 1865)^[202]
• 1932  - Minna Craucher, Finnish socialite and spy (born 1891)^{[203] [204]}
• 1937  - Howie Morenz, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1902)^[205]
• 1941  - Sherwood Anderson, American novelist and short story writer (born 1876)^[206]
• 1942  - José Raúl Capablanca, Cuban chess player (born 1888)^[207]
• 1943  - Cipto Mangunkusumo, Indonesian independence leader (born 1886)^[208]
• 1944  - Fredy Hirsch, German Jewish athlete who helped thousands of Jewish children in the Holocaust (born 1916)^[209]
• 1948  - Hulusi Behçet, Turkish dermatologist and scientist (born 1889)^[210]
• 1957  - Othmar Schoeck, Swiss composer and conductor (born 1886)^[211]
• 1961  - Thomas Beecham, English conductor and composer (born 1879)^[212]
• 1971  - Harold Lloyd, American actor, director, and producer (born 1893)^[213]
• 1973  - Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, American keyboard player and songwriter (born 1945)^[214]
• 1975  - George Stevens, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1904)^[215]
• 1982  - Hatem Ali Jamadar, Bengali politician (born 1872)^[216]
• 1983  - Alan Lennox-Boyd, 1st Viscount Boyd of Merton, English lieutenant and politician (born 1904)^[217]
• 1983  - William Walton, English composer (born 1902)^[218]
• 1993  - Billy Eckstine, American jazz singer (born 1914)^[219]
• 1996  - Jack Churchill, British colonel (born 1906)^[220]
• 1998  - Ray Nitschke, American football player (born 1936)^[221]
• 1999  - Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentinian journalist and author (born 1914)^[222]
• 1999  - Peggy Cass, American actress and comedian (born 1924)^[223]
• 1999  - Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player and coach (born 1914)^[224]
• 2003  - Adam Faith, English singer (born 1940)^[225]
• 2003  - Karen Morley, American actress (born 1909)^[226]
• 2004  - Muhammad Zaidan, Syrian terrorist, founded the Palestinian Liberation Front (born 1948)^[227]
• 2005  - César Lattes, Brazilian physicist and academic (born 1924)^[228]
• 2005  - Aslan Maskhadov, Chechen commander and politician, President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (born 1951)^[229]
• 2007  - John Inman, English actor (born 1935)^[230]
• 2007  - John Vukovich, American baseball player and coach (born 1947)^[231]
• 2009  - Hank Locklin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1918)^[232]
• 2012  - Simin Daneshvar, Iranian author and academic (born 1921)^[233]
• 2013  - John O'Connell, Irish politician, Irish Minister of Health (born 1927)^[234]
• 2013  - Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin, German soldier and publisher (born 1922)^[235]
• 2014  - Leo Bretholz, Austrian-American Holocaust survivor and author (born 1921)^[236]
• 2014  - William Guarnere, American sergeant (born 1923)^[237]
• 2015  - Sam Simon, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1955)^[238]
• 2016  - George Martin, English composer, conductor, and producer (born 1926)^[239]
• 2018  - Kate Wilhelm, American author (born 1928)^[240]
• 2019  - Marshall Brodien, American actor (born 1934)^[241]
• 2019  - Cedrick Hardman, American football player and actor (born 1948)^[242]
• 2020  - Max von Sydow, Swedish actor (born 1929)^[243]
• 2025  - Athol Fugard, South African actor, director, and playwright (born 1932)^[244]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Edward King (Church of England)^[245]
  • Felix of Burgundy^[246]
  • John of God
  • Philemon the actor^[247]
  • March 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• International Women's Day,^[248] and its related observances:
  • International Women's Collaboration Brew Day^[249]

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on March 8

Notes and References

1. Book: Melville . Charles . Berg . Gabrielle van den . Shahnama Studies II: The Reception of Firdausi's Shahnama . 2012 . BRILL . 978-90-04-21127-8 . 50 . en . 2020-09-25 . 2021-10-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211026001721/https://books.google.com/books?id=WGvWp5XDuikC&pg=PA50 . live .
2. Web site: Alfonso VII king of Leon and Castile . Encyclopedia Britannica . 17 February 2020 . en . 29 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200529105851/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfonso-VII#ref254772 . live .
3. Web site: Battle of Hausbergen . Oxford Reference . 10 December 2020 . en . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309141941/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095924549 . live .
4. Book: J. W. Ruuth. Porin kaupungin historia II. 1958. Kaupungin perustamiskirje . 269. City of Pori . fi.
5. Book: Lockhart . Paul Douglas . Sweden in the Seventeenth Century . 13 February 2004 . Macmillan International Higher Education . 978-0-230-80255-1 . 98 . en . 14 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309141949/https://books.google.com/books?id=nNYcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 . live .
6. Web site: Queen Anne: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland . www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk . 17 February 2020 . 17 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200217141409/https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/monarchs/anne.html . live .
7. Book: Roy . Kaushik . Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400-1750: Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships . 22 May 2014 . Bloomsbury Publishing . 978-1-78093-800-4 . 181 . en . 14 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309141936/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyVnAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181 . live .
8. Book: Daniel . Elton L. . The History of Iran . 2001 . Greenwood Publishing Group . 978-0-313-30731-7 . 95 . en . 2020-12-14 . 2022-03-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309141937/https://books.google.com/books?id=AzqbYf9Q_2UC&pg=PA95 . live .
9. Book: Wilson . David A. . Paine and Cobbett: The Transatlantic Connection . 1988 . McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP . 978-0-7735-1013-5 . 37 . en . 2020-12-25 . 2022-03-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309141945/https://books.google.com/books?id=FQy1E17_Y3wC&pg=PA37 . live .
10. Web site: Gnadenhütten Massacre United States history [1782] ]. Encyclopedia Britannica . 15 December 2020 . en . 1 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201101040123/https://www.britannica.com/event/Gnadenhutten-Massacre . live .
11. Book: Ross . Steven T. . The A to Z of the Wars of the French Revolution . 7 June 2010 . Scarecrow Press . 978-1-4616-7238-8 . 12 . en . 25 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309141944/https://books.google.com/books?id=yHFQUyoPuR8C&pg=PA12 . live .
12. Web site: Oscar I king of Sweden and Norway . Encyclopedia Britannica . 15 December 2020 . en . 27 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201027152838/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oscar-I . live .
13. Web site: Sigurðardóttir. Heiða María. Emilsson. Páll Emil. Hvenær var Alþingi stofnað?. visindavefur.is. Vísindavefurinn. September 3, 2021. August 30, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170830193855/https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=5268. live.
14. Book: Britain and Japan: Biographical Portraits, Vol. VII . 23 September 2010 . Global Oriental . 978-90-04-21803-1 . 35 . en . 25 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309141950/https://books.google.com/books?id=1fV5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 . live .
15. Book: Air University Review . 1983 . Department of the Air Force . 37 . en . 2020-12-25 . 2022-02-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220227142431/https://books.google.com/books?id=AykD_rZvMroC&pg=RA3-PA37 . live .
16. Book: Burg . David F. . Purcell . L. Edward . Almanac of World War I . 12 September 2010 . University Press of Kentucky . 978-0-8131-2745-3 . 105 . en.
17. Web site: The women's protest that sparked the Russian Revolution . the Guardian . 15 December 2020 . en . 8 March 2017 . 8 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170308072035/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/08/womens-protest-sparked-russian-revolution-international-womens-day . live .
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65. Book: Smith, Pauline U. . Pioneer Women of Arizona . . 2017 . 978-1-9443-9409-7 . Clayton . Roberta Flake . 2nd . Provo and Salt Lake City . 741–747 . Ida Frances Hunt Udall . Ellis . Catherine H. . Boone . David F. . https://rsc.byu.edu/sites/default/files/pub_content/pdf/U.pdf . https://web.archive.org/web/20221007023022/https://rsc.byu.edu/sites/default/files/pub_content/pdf/U.pdf . October 7, 2022 . live.
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89. Web site: Reverend Addie Wyatt and Reverend Claude Wyatt Papers . 2023-07-04 . bmrc.lib.uchicago.edu . 2023-03-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230323203011/https://bmrc.lib.uchicago.edu/portal/view/?id=BMRC.HARSH.WYATT.xml#:~:text=Addie%20Wyatt%20was%20born%20Addie,Maggie%20Cameron%20in%20Brookhaven,%20Mississippi. . live .
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103. Book: Lisanti . Tom . Paul . Louis . Film Fatales: Women in Espionage Films and Television, 1962-1973 . 10 April 2002 . McFarland . 978-0-7864-1194-8 . 171 . en.
104. Book: Lawlor . William . Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact . 2005 . ABC-CLIO . 978-1-85109-400-4 . 103 . en . 2020-12-25 . 2022-03-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142102/https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZqLXP01e4C&pg=PA103 . live .
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110. Web site: Norman Stone obituary . the Guardian . 18 December 2020 . en . 25 June 2019 . 26 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201126140247/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jun/25/norman-stone-obituary . live .
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115. Book: Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture . 28 October 2013 . Routledge . 978-1-136-78785-0 . 423 . en . 25 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142104/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Contemporary_Russian_Cul/ZXz2okCSfq8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA423&printsec=frontcover . live .
116. Web site: Anselm Kieffer . www.metmuseum.org . October 2008 . 18 December 2020 . 2 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210102095149/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kief/hd_kief.htm . live .
117. Web site: Randy Meisner American musician . Encyclopedia Britannica . 18 December 2020 . en . 8 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201008035933/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Randy-Meisner . live .
118. Web site: Michael Hart obituary . the Guardian . 18 December 2020 . en . 13 September 2011 . 22 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201022050526/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/sep/13/michael-hart-obituary . live .
119. Web site: Mel Galley: Guitarist with Whitesnake . The Independent . 18 December 2020 . en . 23 October 2011 . 9 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210309025522/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/mel-galley-guitarist-whitesnake-859965.html . live .
120. Web site: Lord Jonathan Sacks, former chief rabbi, dies aged 72 . BBC News . 17 December 2020 . 7 November 2020 . 16 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201216222417/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-54857556 . live .
121. Book: Dunmore . Tom . Historical Dictionary of Soccer . 16 September 2011 . Scarecrow Press . 978-0-8108-7188-5 . 63 . en . 25 December 2020 . 2 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220302013303/https://books.google.com/books?id=9j1wbp2t1usC&pg=PA63 . live .
122. Web site: March 8 down the years . ESPNcricinfo. 8 March 2007 . 12 August 2017.
123. Book: Hill . Constance Valis . Tap Dancing America: A Cultural History . 12 November 2014 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-022538-4 . 279 . en . 25 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142134/https://books.google.com/books?id=_HERDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA279 . live .
124. Kartemquin. 574580230041509888. 8 March 2015. Happy birthday to this guy!. 6 April 2019.
125. News: Olympic champion swimmer Wilkie dies aged 70 . . 22 May 2024 . 23 May 2024 . 22 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240522231727/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/swimming/articles/c3ggndekv8lo . live .
126. Web site: Williams . Richard . Laurie Cunningham: the dancing footballer with eternal youth Richard Williams . The Guardian . 17 February 2020 . 26 February 2016 . 17 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110841/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2016/feb/26/laurie-cunningham-dancing-footballer-richard-williams . live .
127. News: The Wall Street years of Donald Trump's World Bank pick . Financial Times . 13 February 2019 . 18 October 2020 . Politi . James . 21 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201021075847/https://www.ft.com/content/de4c1016-2e86-11e9-8744-e7016697f225 . live .
128. Web site: Clive Burr: Drummer with Iron Maiden . The Independent . 18 October 2020 . en . 27 March 2013 . 12 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210312074551/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/clive-burr-drummer-iron-maiden-8552284.html . live .
129. Web site: Browse In Jazz, Composer or Arranger Grove Music Online Grove Music . Grove Music Online . 18 December 2020 . en . 2 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201102002036/https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/browse . live .
130. Web site: Gary Numan . BFI . 18 December 2020 . en . 29 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210129110340/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba7b23465 . dead .
131. Web site: Harper . Holly . Happy Birthday Lester Holt! . . 22 February 2023 . 8 March 2022 . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222210028/https://www.wilx.com/2022/03/08/happy-birthday-lester-holt/ . live .
132. Web site: Irek Mukhamedov . Oxford Reference . 18 December 2020 . en .
133. Web site: Buck Williams . . 7 March 2024 . 30 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231130234018/https://www.nba.com/stats/player/433 . live .
134. Web site: DRAFT DAY MEMORIES WITH LARRY MURPHY . NHL.com . 17 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142143/https://www.nhl.com/kings/news/draft-day-memories-with-larry-murphy/c-455885 . live .
135. Web site: Rotter . Joshua . Leon joins diverse cast of 'A Luv Tale' . San Francisco Examiner . June 26, 2019 . February 4, 2021.
136. Web site: Kenny Smith . ESPN . 17 December 2020 . 30 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200930024343/https://www.espn.co.uk/nba/player/_/id/3494/kenny-smith . live .
137. Web site: Gregory Barker . BBC News . 17 December 2020 . 21 October 2002 . 17 December 2003 . https://web.archive.org/web/20031217084049/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2053265.stm . live .
138. Web site: Michael Bartels . ESPN UK . 17 December 2020 . en . 25 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210425050112/http://en.espn.co.uk/f1/motorsport/driver/1145.html . live .
139. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for March 8, 2023 includes celebrities Camryn Manheim, Micky Dolenz . . . 7 March 2024 . 8 March 2023 . 21 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230421123241/https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2023/03/todays-famous-birthdays-list-for-march-8-2023-includes-celebrities-camryn-manheim-micky-dolenz.html . live .
140. Web site: Jason Elam Stats . ESPN . 15 December 2020 . en . 8 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240308135606/https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/453/jason-elam . live .
141. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/players/matt-nable/summary.html Matt Nable
142. Web site: Lena Sundström ny programledare i SVT . SVT Nyheter . 17 December 2020 . sv . 16 November 2015 . 11 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210411110330/https://www.svt.se/kultur/medier/lena-sundstrom-till-svt-1 . live .
143. Web site: Chris Clark . . 7 March 2024 . 23 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231223111257/http://www.nhl.com/player/chris-clark-8460567 . live .
144. Web site: Juan Encarnacion Stats, Highlights, Bio . Springfield Cardinals . 16 December 2020 . en.
145. Web site: Freddie Prinze Jr. Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 16 December 2020 . en . 27 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201027101319/https://www.britannica.com/facts/Freddie-Prinze-Jr . live .
146. Web site: Hines Ward . . 22 February 2023 . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222210046/https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/1494/hines-ward . live .
147. Web site: Hayward . Anthony . James Van Der Beek obituary . The Guardian . 13 February 2026 . 12 February 2026.
148. Web site: Johann Vogel . SkySports . 16 December 2020 . en . 6 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190506173423/https://www.skysports.com/football/player/16332/johann-vogel . live .
149. Web site: Erik Ersberg . . 7 March 2024 . 19 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220819103936/https://www.nhl.com/player/erik-ersberg-8473975 . live .
150. Web site: Leonidas Kampantais . SkySports . 16 December 2020 . en . 8 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240308135601/https://www.skysports.com/football/player/55534/leonidas-kampantais . live .
151. Web site: Thank you guys for the Birthday wishes. 39, last 12 months of my 30's has started. I'm planning on getting a six pack, buying a Lamborghini, Getting a hair transplant & 7 new girlfriends. . Twitter . 7 March 2022 . 7 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220307051123/https://twitter.com/keemstar/status/1368887198238539776 . live .
152. Web site: Koonse . Emma . Kat Von D Celebrates 30th Birthday Today . . 22 February 2023 . 9 March 2012 . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222210047/https://www.christianpost.com/news/kat-von-d-celebrates-30th-birthday-today.html . live .
153. News: Brazil defender moves to Arsenal . BBC Sport . 16 December 2020 . 12 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014150/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/14712232 . live .
154. Web site: Mark Worrell . . 16 November 2020 . 8 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240308140241/https://www.milb.com/player/mark-worrell-450312 . live .
155. Web site: Yoshihisa Hirano . . 7 March 2024 . 4 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230404233716/https://www.mlb.com/player/yoshihisa-hirano-673633 . live .
156. Web site: Ross Taylor Biography . www.sportskeeda.com . 16 December 2020 . en-us . 16 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210116051347/https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/ross-taylor . live .
157. Web site: Sasha Vujacic . . 7 March 2024 . 1 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231201060555/https://www.nba.com/stats/player/2756/career . live .
158. Web site: Sisäministeri. 2021-03-24. Valtioneuvosto. fi-FI. 2021-04-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20210420095922/https://valtioneuvosto.fi/marinin-hallitus/sisaministeri. live.
159. Web site: Chad Gable . . 22 February 2023 . 8 March 2022 . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222210027/https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/17173084/wwe-profile-page-chad-gable . live .
160. Web site: Thomas Morstead . . 7 March 2024 . 29 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240229110855/https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/12701/thomas-morstead . live .
161. http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/players/jonathan-wright/summary.html Jonathan Wright
162. Web site: Gibson . Kelsie . Who Is Selena Gomez's New Boyfriend? All About Benny Blanco . Yahoo Movies Canada . 8 December 2023 . March 7, 2024 . March 7, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240307191535/https://ca.movies.yahoo.com/selena-gomezs-boyfriend-benny-blanco-000136147.html . live .
163. Web site: Tommy Pham . . 7 March 2024 . 14 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231014152000/https://www.mlb.com/player/tommy-pham-502054 . live .
164. Web site: Robbie Hummel . . 7 March 2024 . 11 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231211155658/https://www.nba.com/stats/player/203133/career . live .
165. Web site: Summer Scout - Asier Illarramendi . SkySports . 16 December 2020 . en . 21 October 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141021035709/http://www1.skysports.com/transfer/news/15198/8796014/summer-scout-asier-illarramendi . live .
166. Web site: Brandon Kozun . . 7 March 2024 . 7 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220707222107/https://www.nhl.com/player/brandon-kozun-8475295 . live .
167. Web site: Petra Kvitova Bio Bio & Career – WTA Official . Women's Tennis Association . 16 December 2020 . en . 12 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191112062324/https://www.wtatennis.com/players/314206/petra-kvitova/bio . live .
168. Web site: Kevin Zeitler . . 7 March 2024 . 1 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240301163012/https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/14931/kevin-zeitler . live .
169. Web site: 2017-08-17 . Jisung (Wanna One) profile, age & facts (2024 updated) . 2024-01-14 . kpopping.com . en . 2024-01-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240114174210/https://kpopping.com/profiles/idol/Jisung . live .
170. Web site: Rui Machida . . 7 March 2024 . 8 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240308140251/https://www.wnba.com/player/1630957 . live .
171. Web site: Orlando Pride Sign Scotland Women's National Team Forward Claire Emslie . Orlando City . 28 April 2020 . 4 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200804030237/https://www.orlandocitysc.com/post/2019/05/30/orlando-pride-sign-scotland-women-s-national-team-forward-claire-emslie . live .
172. Web site: Marko Guduric . . 7 March 2024 . 11 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231211024543/https://www.nba.com/stats/player/1629741/career . live .
173. Web site: Isaiah Whitehead . . 7 March 2024 . 10 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231210145135/https://www.nba.com/stats/player/1627785/career . live .
174. Web site: Kyle Allen . . 7 March 2024 . 3 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240103232858/https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/3115293/kyle-allen . live .
175. Web site: Tijana Bošković . . 5 September 2021 . 5 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210905153038/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/131716 . live .
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178. Strong, Louis . 3 May 2022 . Kit Connor . Podcast . 22 May 2022 . 30:57 . Headstrong . 22 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220522070929/https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/kit-connor/id1464449203?i=1000559430643 . live.
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214. Book: Larkin . Colin . The Encyclopedia of Popular Music . 27 May 2011 . Omnibus Press . 978-0-85712-595-8 . 1515 . en . 25 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142303/https://books.google.com/books?id=_NNmFiUnSmUC&pg=PA1515 . live .
215. Web site: George Stevens American director . Encyclopedia Britannica . 22 December 2020 . en . 20 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201120220941/https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Stevens . live .
216. News: জননন্দিত খান সাহেব হাতেম আলী জমাদ্দার. Mathbaria Protidin. 1 November 2017. 12 December 2017. 1 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201001040908/https://www.mathbariaprotidin.com/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE/. live.
217. Web site: Alan Tindal Lennox-Boyd, 1st Viscount Boyd of Merton . www.britishmuseum.org . 22 December 2020 . 20 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210420022059/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG85660 . live .
218. Web site: Sir William Walton British composer . Encyclopedia Britannica . 22 December 2020 . en . 18 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210218082345/https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Walton . live .
219. Web site: Granshaw . Michelle . Billy Eckstine (1914-1993) . blackpast.org . 18 October 2010 . 22 December 2020 . 28 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201128091028/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/eckstine-billy-1914-1993/ . live .
220. Web site: Lt-Col Jack Churchill . HeraldScotland . 30 March 1996 . 22 December 2020 . en . 17 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210417194724/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12049531.lt-col-jack-churchill/ . live .
221. Web site: Ray Nitschke Facts & Stats . Encyclopedia Britannica . 22 December 2020 . en . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142245/https://www.britannica.com/facts/Ray-Nitschke . live .
222. Web site: Caistor . Nick . Adolfo Casares obituary . the Guardian . 22 December 2020 . en . 19 March 1999 . 9 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210609214522/https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/mar/19/guardianobituaries2 . live .
223. Web site: Obituary: Peggy Cass . The Independent . 17 February 2020 . en . 13 March 1999 . 17 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200217112654/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-peggy-cass-1080192.html . live .
224. Web site: Joe DiMaggio Biography & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 17 February 2020 . en . 14 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200514220313/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joe-DiMaggio . live .
225. Web site: Adam Faith . The Independent . 22 December 2020 . en . 21 November 2013 . 24 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180624092955/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/adam-faith-36330.html . live .
226. Web site: Karen Morley . The Independent . 22 December 2020 . en . 12 December 2013 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142317/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/karen-morley-36479.html . live .
227. Book: Conley . Richard S. . The A to Z of the Reagan-Bush Era . 28 September 2009 . Scarecrow Press . 978-0-8108-7036-9 . 1 . en . 25 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142250/https://books.google.com/books?id=xSrzGmismQMC&pg=PA1 . live .
228. Web site: Césare Mansueto Giulio Lattes Brazilian physicist . Encyclopedia Britannica . 22 December 2020 . en . 12 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211012145659/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cesare-Mansueto-Giulio-Lattes . live .
229. Web site: Chechen rebel leader killed in Russian assault . the Guardian . 22 December 2020 . en . 9 March 2005 . 18 September 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140918025642/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/mar/09/chechnya.russia1 . live .
230. Web site: John Inman . the Guardian . 22 December 2020 . en . 8 March 2007 . 2 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211202171955/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/mar/08/guardianobituaries.broadcasting . live .
231. Web site: John Vukovich . Society for American Baseball Research . 22 December 2020 . 23 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201123220510/https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/john-vukovich/ . live .
232. Web site: Obituary: Hank Locklin . the Guardian . 22 December 2020 . en . 13 April 2009 . 30 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210330143747/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/apr/14/hank-locklin-obituary-country-music . live .
233. Web site: Simin Daneshvar obituary . the Guardian . 22 December 2020 . en . 22 March 2012 . 14 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210414131626/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/22/simin-daneshvar . live .
234. News: Obituary: Dr John O'Connell . The Irish Times . 22 December 2020 . en . 2 April 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130402041638/http://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/obituary-dr-john-o-connell-1.1327690 . live .
235. Web site: Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist obituary . the Guardian . 22 December 2020 . en . 13 March 2013 . 4 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180704213231/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/13/ewald-heinrich-von-kleist . live .
236. Web site: Leo Bretholz: Holocaust survivor who made a daring escape from a train . The Independent . 22 December 2020 . en . 5 April 2014 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142244/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/leo-bretholz-holocaust-survivor-who-made-a-daring-escape-from-a-train-and-later-campaigned-for-reparations-from-french-railway-9240083.html . live .
237. Web site: 'Wild Bill'Guarnere: Bemedalled soldier whose exploits in Europe . The Independent . 20 December 2020 . en . 11 March 2014 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142300/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/wild-bill-guarnere-bemedalled-soldier-whose-exploits-in-europe-were-dramatised-in-the-hbo-series-band-of-brothers-9185161.html . live .
238. Web site: Sam Simon obituary . the Guardian . 20 December 2020 . en . 9 March 2015 . 8 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210308155116/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/mar/09/sam-simon-obituary . live .
239. Web site: George Martin: Producer who oversaw The Beatles' best work . The Independent . 20 December 2020 . en . 10 March 2016 . 29 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210129102517/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/george-martin-groundbreaking-producer-who-oversaw-beatles-best-work-and-elevated-art-album-making-a6921766.html . live .
240. Web site: SFE: Science Fiction Encyclopedia . www.sf-encyclopedia.com . 16 November 2020 . 18 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210518082952/http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/news/kate-wilhelm-(1928-2018)/ . dead .
241. News: O'Donnell . Maureen . Marshall Brodien, 'TV Magic' pitchman, Wizzo the Wizard on 'Bozo,' dead at 84 . 8 March 2019 . . 8 March 2019 . 27 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091347/https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/marshall-brodien-wizzo-wizard-bozo-tv-magic-magician-clown-infomercials-zanzibar-stone/ . live .
242. Web site: Former 49ers All-Pro defensive end Cedrick Hardman dies at 70 . NFL.com . March 10, 2019 . en.
243. News: Bernstein . Adam . Max von Sydow, brooding star of Ingmar Bergman's torment-ridden dramas, dies at 90 . 9 March 2020 . . 9 March 2020 . 9 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200309165046/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/max-von-sydow-brooding-star-of-ingmar-bergmans-torment-ridden-dramas-dies-at-90/2020/03/09/14a7af2a-6203-11ea-845d-e35b0234b136_story.html . live .
244. News: Weber . Bruce . March 9, 2025 . Athol Fugard, 92, Playwright Who Exposed Torments of Apartheid, Dies . March 21, 2025 . . en-US . 0362-4331.
245. Web site: Lesser Festivals . The Church of England . 1 December 2020 . en . 5 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205224537/https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/lesser-festivals . live .
246. Book: Hutchison-Hall . Dr John (Ellsworth) . Orthodox Saints of the British Isles: Volume I — January - March . 5 December 2013 . St. Eadfrith Press . 978-0-615-92580-6 . 167 . en . 14 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142324/https://books.google.com/books?id=3logAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA167 . live .
247. Book: Watkins . Basil . The Book of Saints: A Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary . 19 November 2015 . Bloomsbury Academic . 978-0-567-66456-3 . 65 . en . 14 December 2020 . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142319/https://books.google.com/books?id=kE6TCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 . live .
248. Web site: Background International Women's Day . United Nations . 1 December 2020 . en . 8 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200308132802/https://www.un.org/en/observances/womens-day/background . live .
249. Web site: IWD: International Women's Collaboration Brew Day . International Women's Day . 1 December 2020 . en . 9 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309142253/https://www.internationalwomensday.com/Events . live .