Office of Foreign Assets Control explained

Agency Name:Office of Foreign Assets Control
Seal:Seal of the United States Department of the Treasury.svg
Formed:December 1950
Preceding1:Office of Foreign Funds Control
Headquarters:Washington, D.C.
Employees:Approximately 200 (2013)[1]
Budget:$30.9 million (2013)
Deputyminister7 Name:-->
Chief1 Name:Bradley T. Smith, Director
Chief9 Name:-->
Parent Department:Department of the Treasury

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is a financial intelligence and enforcement agency of the United States Treasury Department. It administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions in support of U.S. national security and foreign policy objectives.[2] Under presidential national emergency powers, OFAC carries out its activities against foreign governments, organizations (including terrorist groups and drug cartels), and individuals deemed a threat to U.S. national security.[3]

Founded in 1950 as the Division of Foreign Assets Control, since 2004 OFAC has operated under the Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence within the Treasury Department. It is primarily composed of intelligence targeters and lawyers. While many of OFAC's targets are broadly set by the White House, most individual cases are developed as a result of investigations by OFAC's Office of Global Targeting (OGT).[4]

Sometimes described as one of the "most powerful yet unknown" government agencies,[4] [5] OFAC has the power to levy significant penalties against entities that defy its directives, including imposing fines, freezing assets, and barring parties from operating in the U.S.

History

Involvement of the U.S. Department of the Treasury in economic sanctions against foreign states dates to the War of 1812, when Secretary Albert Gallatin administered sanctions against the United Kingdom in retaliation for the impressment of American sailors.[3] [6]

Predecessor agencies of the Division of Foreign Assets Control include Foreign Funds Control (FFC), which existed from 1940 to 1947, and the Office of International Finance (1947 to 1950).[7] [8] FFC was established by Executive Order 8389 as a unit of the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury on April 10, 1940. The authority to establish FFC was derived from the Trading with the Enemy Act 1917. Among other operations, FFC administered wartime import controls over enemy assets and restrictions on trade with enemy states. It also participated in administering the "Proclaimed List of Certain Blocked Nationals", or the "Black List", and took censuses of foreign-owned assets in the US and American-owned assets abroad. FFC was abolished in 1947, with its functions transferred to the newly established Office of International Finance (OIF). In 1948, OIF activities relating to blocked foreign funds were transferred to the Office of Alien Property, an agency within the Department of Justice.[9]

The Division of Foreign Assets Control, OFAC's immediate predecessor, was established in the Office of International Finance by a Treasury Department order in December 1950, following the entry of the People's Republic of China into the Korean War; President Harry S. Truman declared a national emergency and tasked the Division with blocking all Chinese and North Korean assets subject to U.S. jurisdiction. The Division also administered regulations and orders issued under the amended Trading with the Enemy Act. On October 15, 1962, by a Treasury Department order, the Division of Foreign Assets Control became the Office of Foreign Assets Control.

Authority and activities

In addition to the Trading with the Enemy Act and the various national emergencies currently in effect, OFAC derives its authority from a variety of U.S. federal laws, particularly the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), regarding embargoes and economic sanctions.[10]

In enforcing economic sanctions, OFAC acts to prevent "prohibited transactions", which are described by OFAC as "trade or financial transactions and other dealings in which U.S. persons may not engage unless authorized by OFAC or expressly exempted by statute". OFAC has the authority to grant exemptions to prohibitions on such transactions, either by issuing a general license for certain categories of transactions, or by specific licenses issued on a case-by-case basis.

Under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), the U.S. President can block the removal of foreign assets under U.S. jurisdiction during national emergencies. OFAC executes this mandate by issuing regulations to financial institutions.[11]

As part of its efforts to support the Iraq sanctions, in 2005, OFAC fined Voices in the Wilderness $20,000 for gifting medicine and other humanitarian supplies to Iraqis.[12] In a similar case, OFAC imposed and attempted to collect a $10,000 fine, plus interest, against peace activist Bert Sacks for taking medicine to residents of Basra;[13] charges against Sacks were dismissed by the court in December 2012.[14]

In October 2007, a set of Spanish travel agency websites had their domain name access disabled by eNom: the domain names had been on the OFAC blacklist.[15] [16] When queried, the U.S. Treasury referred to a 2004 press release that claimed the company "had helped Americans evade restrictions on travel to Cuba".[15]

In the case of United States v. Banki, on June 5, 2010, a U.S. citizen was convicted of violating sanctions against Iran by failing to request Iranian currency transfer licenses in advance from OFAC. On August 25, 2010, the Iranian American Bar Association announced that it would file an amicus curiae brief with the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in United States v. Banki.[17] It has also hired lawyers to request further guidance from OFAC on import of goods from Iran.

In 2014, OFAC reached a record $963 million settlement with the French bank BNP Paribas, which was a portion of an $8.9 billion penalty imposed in relation to the case as a whole.[18] [19]

Appointment as OFAC director is not subject to Senate confirmation.[20]

Specially Designated Nationals

See main article: Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List. OFAC publishes a list of Specially Designated Nationals (SDNs), which lists people, organizations, and vessels with whom U.S. citizens and permanent residents are prohibited from doing business. This list differs from the list maintained pursuant to Section 314(a) of the Patriot Act.[21]

In August 2009, a federal court ruling in KindHearts v. Treasury found that Treasury's seizure of KindHearts assets without notice or means of appeal was a violation of the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution.[22]

On September 23, 2011, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a lower court's ruling that procedures used by the Treasury to shut down the Oregon-based Al Haramain Islamic Foundation in 2004 were unconstitutional. The court said the Fifth Amendment's guarantee of due process required the Treasury to give adequate notice of the reasons it puts a group on the terrorist list, as well as a meaningful opportunity to respond. In addition, the court ruled that freezing the group's assets amounts to a seizure under the Fourth Amendment, so that a court order is required.[23]

As of October 7, 2015, the SDN List had more than 15,200 entries from 155 countries. Of those, 178 entries were for aircraft and 575 entries were for ships ("vessels"). The remaining 14,467 entries were for designated individuals and organizations.[24] OFAC creates separate entries in the SDN list for each alias of a designee, so the number of entries does not reflect the number of designees.[3]

On September 21, 2021, a cryptocurrency exchange was included in the sanctions list for first time for helping launder illicit funds having source from ransomware attacks. The amounts laundered are more than $160 million, between 2018 and 2021.[25]

Sectoral Sanctions Identifications

OFAC publishes a list of Sectoral Sanctions Identifications (SSI), which lists persons, companies, and entities in sectors of the Russian economy (especially energy, finance, and armaments), prohibiting certain types of activity with these individuals or entities by US persons, wherever located.[26] This list is maintained following the issuance of EO 13662 Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine on March 20, 2014, in accordance with 79 FR 16167.[27]

On August 13, 2014, the Treasury Department issued guidance for entities under sectoral sanctions. It increased the number of entities on the sectoral sanctions identifications list by adding subsidiaries of entities under sectoral sanctions that hold 50% or greater ownership by an entity under sectoral sanctions either individually or in the aggregate, either directly or indirectly. Further, US persons cannot use a third party intermediary and must exercise caution during "transactions with a non-blocked entity in which one or more blocked persons has a significant ownership interest that is less than 50% or which one or more blocked persons may control by means other than a majority ownership interest."[28]

On December 22, 2015, the Treasury Department explicitly listed all entities and their subsidiaries on the sectoral sanctions identifications list using a human readable search.[29] [30] [31]

As of February 20, 2026, OFAC has over 17,000 individuals connected with sanctions.[32]

Sanctions programs

As of February 20, 2026, OFAC has listed their sanctions programs by these countries and programs:[33]

!Country / program!EO(s)!Program last updated
Afghanistan[34] 02/25/2022
Balkans[35] [36] [37] [38] 11/20/2025
Belarus[39] [40] 12/15/2025
Burma[41] 11/12/2025
Central African12/08/2023
Chinese Military06/01/2022
Counter Narcotics02/19/2026
Counter Terrorism /Specially Designated Terrorist[42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] 02/19/2026
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act11/19/2025
Cuba08/27/2024
Cyber-Related Sanctions12/30/2025
Democratic Republic of the Congo08/12/2025
Ethiopia02/08/2022
Foreign Interference in a United States Election Sanctions12/31/2024
Global Magnitsky Sanctions12/12/2025
Hong Kong03/31/2025
Hostages and Wrongfully Detained U.S. Nationals Sanctions03/25/2025
International Criminal Court-Related Sanctions[49] 12/18/2025
Iran02/06/2026
Iraq07/09/2025
Lebanon08/10/2023
Libya09/03/2025
Magnitsky08/17/2023
Mali08/04/2023
Nicaragua05/15/2024
Non-Proliferation Sanctions01/30/2026
North Korea11/04/2025
Promoting Accountability for Assad and Regional Stabilization Sanctions (PAARSS)12/23/2025
Rough Diamond Trade Controls06/18/2018
Russia02/19/2026
Somalia05/24/2023
South Sudan12/08/2023
Sudan and Darfur02/19/2026
Transnational Criminal Organizations12/17/2025
Ukraine-/Russia-related Sanctions10/22/2025
Venezuela02/18/2026
Yemen11/18/2021

As of August 8, 2020, OFAC was administering the following sanctions programs:[50]

Table note: The numbers of individuals, companies, vessels, and aircraft are taken from the SDN List. However, any single entry on that list may be a target of multiple sanctions programs, so summing lines of the table will inflate the true sum due to duplication.

TagLast updatedSanctions programIndividualsCompaniesVesselsAircraft31 CFREOEOdateRef
[561LIST]Iran Financial––––561[51]
[BALKANS]Balkans related229–––58813304[52] [53] [54] [55]
[BELARUS]Belarus208–––54813405
[BPI-PA]Patriot Act––––[56]
[BPI-SDNTK]Narcotics related––––598[57]
[BURMA]Myanmar related219–––53713448,13464
[CAR]Central African Republic39–––553
[COTED]Côte d'Ivoire9–––543
[CUBA]Cuban Assets Control220–5–515
[CYBER]Computer hacking related––––13694[58]
[DARFUR]Darfur283––546
[DPRK]North Korea74420–51013551
[DPRK2]North Korea related1016––13687
[DRCONGO]Democratic Republic of the Congo10627––54713413, 13671October 27, 2006
July 8, 2014		[59]
[EO13622]Iran related176––13622[60]
[EO13645]Iran related9109–13645[61]
[FSE-IR]Iran sanctions evaders32––13608[62]
[FSE-SY]Syria sanctions evaders––––13608
[FSE-WMD]WMD related––––13608[63]
[FSE-SDGT]Terrorism related––––13608[64]
[FTO]Terrorism related–552––597[65]
[GLOMAG]Global Magnitsky Sanctions Regulations–552––597[66]
[HK-EO13936]Hong Kong-Related Sanctions11––––13936[67] [68] [69]
[HRIT-IR]Iran human rights–26––13606[70]
[HRIT-SY]Syria human rights26––13606
[IFCA]Iran related––––[71]
[IFSR]Iranian Financial239857–60561
[IRAN]Iranian Transactions19416175–560
[IRAN-HR]Iran related5437––13553[72]
[IRAN-TRA]Iran related1645––13628[73]
[IRAQ2]Iraq related28784––13315,13350
[IRAQ3]Iraq related10248––13438
[IRGC]Iranian Financial112120–38561
[ISA]Iran Act317––13574
[JADE]Myanmar Jade––––[74]
[LEBANON]Lebanon13–––54913441
[LIBERIA]Former Liberian Regime of Charles Taylor4570––593
[LIBYA2]Libya related1343––570
[MAGNIT]Magnitsky Act54–––[75]
[NPWMD]WMD related21189235176544[76]
[NS-ISA]Iran related––––13574[77]
[NS-PLC]Palestinian License––––594[78] [79]
Terrorism related3,0151,963–101594[80]
Narcotics related436511––536[81]
Narcotics related210211255–598[82]
Terrorism63143––595
[SOMALIA]Somalia19920––551
[SUDAN]Sudan related–223––538
[SOUTH SUDAN]South Sudan––––55813664
[SYRIA]Syria related235180103854213399,13460
[TCO]Transnational Criminal Organizations20141––59013581[83]
[{{nowrap|UKRAINE-EO13660}}]Ukraine related19331––13660[84]
[{{nowrap|UKRAINE-EO13661}}]Ukraine related95144––13661[85]
[{{nowrap|UKRAINE-EO13662}}]Ukraine related––––13662[86]
[{{nowrap|UKRAINE-EO13685}}]Ukraine related–42––13685[87]
[VENEZUELA]Venezuela related7–––13692[88]
[YEMEN]Yemen23–––552
[ZIMBABWE]Zimbabwe121119––54113391,13469[89]

Security incidents

See main article: 2024 United States Department of the Treasury hack. In December 2024, Chinese state-sponsored hackers breached OFAC systems through cybersecurity vendor BeyondTrust, gaining access to unclassified administrative records containing potential sanctions deliberation information and future targets. This incident, described by Treasury officials as "major" and also affecting the Office of the Treasury Secretary and Office of Financial Research, marked the second known PRC intrusion into OFAC, following a breach in the early 2000s that compromised general counsel office emails.[90] [91] In response, on January 17, 2025, OFAC sanctioned Yin Kecheng, a Shanghai-based hacker affiliated with China's Ministry of State Security allegedly responsible for the compromise.[92] [93]

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Klimasinska, Kasia; Campbell, Dakin; Katz, Ian. Banks Woo Treasury Sanctions Pros to Navigate Complex U.S. Rules, Bloomberg, August 13, 2014.
  2. Tom C.W. Lin. Financial Weapons of War . . April 2016. 100. 4. 1377–1440.
  3. Book: Treasury's War . PublicAffairs . Zarate, Juan C. . 2013 . New York . 9781610391153.
  4. News: After success on Iran, U.S. Treasury's sanctions team faces new challenges . http://web.archive.org/web/20231201081805/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-sanctions-insight-idUSBREA3D1O820140415/ . 2023-12-01 . 2026-01-14 . Reuters . en-US.
  5. News: Rubenfeld . Samuel . 2014-02-05 . OFAC Rises as Sanctions Become A Major Policy Tool . 2026-01-14 . Wall Street Journal . en-US . 0099-9660.
  6. Web site: Frequently Asked Questions . Office of Foreign Assets Control . 2007-09-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071018063052/http://treasury.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/faq/answer.shtml#2 . 2007-10-18 .
  7. Web site: Records of the office of Foreign Assets Control . 2024-11-10 . www.archives.gov.
  8. Web site: About OFAC Office of Foreign Assets Control . 2024-11-10 . ofac.treasury.gov . en.
  9. Web site: Records of the Office of Foreign Assets Control . The National Archives . 2007-09-17.
  10. For example,, etc.
  11. Web site: March 25, 2022 . The International Emergency Economic Powers Act: Origins, Evolution, and Use . December 15, 2024 . Congressional Research Service.
  12. Web site: Voices in the Wilderness Ordered to Pay $20K for Bringing Aid to Iraq . Democracy Now! . 2005-08-16. 2011-06-08 .
  13. Web site: Timeline . https://web.archive.org/web/20110113182659/http://www.iraqikids.org/berts-case/timeline. usurped. January 13, 2011. Fined For Helping Iraqi Kids . 2011-06-08 .
  14. http://old.seattletimes.com/html/edcetera/2017151910_bert_sacks_no_fine_and_no_cour.html Ramsey, Bruce
  15. News: A Wave of the Watch List, and Speech Disappears. Liptak. Adam. Adam Liptak. 2008-03-04. The New York Times. 80 of his Web sites stopped working, thanks to the United States government ... eNom told him it did so after a call from the Treasury Department. 23 August 2012.
  16. Web site: SDN by Programs. 2006. treasury.gov. GO CUBA PLUS (a.k.a. T&M INTERNATIONAL LTD.; a.k.a. TOUR & MARKETING INTERNATIONAL LTD. ...). 23 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20060924001742/http://www.treasury.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/sdn/prgrmlst.txt. 2006-09-24.
  17. http://www.iaba.us/NewsDetails.aspx?id=117 "IABA to File Amicus Brief in Appeal Before Second Circuit"
  18. Web site: June 30, 2014 . U.S. imposes record fine on BNP in sanctions warning to banks . Reuters.
  19. http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl2447.aspx "Treasury Reaches Largest Ever Sanctions-Related Settlement with BNP Paribas SA for $963 Million"
  20. Rubenfeld, Samuel, "U.S. Treasury Appoints OFAC Director Without Fanfare", Wall Street Journal, March 17, 2017. First public mention: March 14, 2017. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
  21. Erich Ferrari, "IP Services Under The ITSR: A Broad Exception?", Sanction Law, Ferrari & Associates, 12 February 2018
  22. Web site: KindHearts for Charitable Humanitarian Development, Inc. v. Geithner et al.. American Civil Liberties Union. November 22, 2011.
  23. Web site: Al Haramain v. Department of Treasury. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. 27 September 2011.
  24. Web site: Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN). U.S. Department of the Treasury. 2011-06-04. 2011-03-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20110316052039/http://www.treasury.gov/ofac/downloads/sdnlist.txt. dead.
  25. Web site: US Treasury imposes sanctions on crypto-exchange linked to ransomware ops. 24 September 2021. Previewtech.net. 27 September 2021. 27 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210927043107/https://previewtech.net/us-treasury-imposes-sanctions-on-crypto-exchange-linked-to-ransomware-ops/. dead.
  26. Web site: Sectoral Sanctions Identifications (SSI) List . US Department of the Treasury: OFAC. January 26, 2018. March 23, 2018.
  27. News: Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine. 2014-03-24. Federal Register. 2018-02-04.
  28. Web site: Revised Guidance on Entities Owned by Persons Whose Property and Interests in Property Are Blocked . United States Department of the Treasury . August 13, 2014 . March 22, 2018.
  29. Web site: Treasury Sanctions Individuals and Entities for Sanctions Evasion and Other Activities Related to Russia and Ukraine: Underscores U.S. Commitment To Work With The EU To Maintain The Efficacy Of Existing Sanctions Until Russia Fully Complies With Its International Obligations With Respect To Ukraine. December 22, 2015. US Department of the Treasury. February 10, 2018.
  30. Web site: Russia/Ukraine-related Sanctions and Identifications: Specially Designated Nationals List Update . US Department of the Treasury. December 22, 2015. February 10, 2018.
  31. Web site: Executive Order – Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine . 20 March 2014 . The White House – Office of the Press Secretary. February 10, 2018.
  32. Web site: Where is OFAC's Country List? What countries do I need to worry about in terms of U.S. sanctions? Office of Foreign Assets Control . 2026-02-20 . ofac.treasury.gov . en.
  33. Web site: 2022-02-25 . Sanctions Programs and Country Information Office of Foreign Assets Control . 2026-02-20 . ofac.treasury.gov . en.
  34. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/5536/download?inline Executive Order 13224—Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten To Commit, or Support Terrorism Notice of September 24, 2001— Continuation of Emergency With Respect to UNITA
  35. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/933906/download?inline Taking Additional Steps with Respect to the Situation in the Western Balkans
  36. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/99181/download?inline Blocking Property and Suspending Entry into the United States of Certain Persons Contributing to the Destabilizing Situation in the Western Balkans (June 08, 2021)
  37. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/6176/download?inline Termination of Emergencies With Respect to Yugoslavia and Modification of Executive Order 13219 of June 26, 2001
  38. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/6246/download?inline Blocking Property of Persons Who Threaten International Stabilization Efforts in the Western Balkans (Effective Date – June 27, 2001)
  39. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/9216/download?inline Blocking Property of Certain Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Belarus (Effective Date – June 19, 2006)
  40. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/912361/download?inline Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Belarus (Effective Date – August 09, 2021)
  41. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/54046/download?inline Blocking Property With Respect To The Situation In Burma (February 11, 2021)
  42. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/6131/download?inline Executive Order 12947—Prohibiting Transactions With Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process
  43. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/6086/download?inline Prohibiting Transactions With Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process (Effective Date – August 21, 1998)
  44. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/5536/download?inline Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten To Commit, or Support Terrorism (Effective Date – September 24, 2001)
  45. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/5631/download?inline Termination of Emergency With Respect to the Taliban and Amendment of Executive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001 (July 2, 2002)
  46. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/5576/download?inline Clarification of Certain Executive Orders Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions (February 16, 2005)
  47. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/26041/download?inline Modernizing Sanctions to Combat Terrorism (September 10, 2019)
  48. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/934126/download?inline Designating Cartels and Other Organizations as Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Specially Designated Global Terrorists (January 20, 2025)
  49. https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/933981/download?inline Imposing Sanctions On The International Criminal Court (February 6, 2025)
  50. Web site: Sanctions programs and country information. treasury.gov. US Department of Treasury. August 8, 2020. August 8, 2020 .
  51. Web site: Part 561 — Iranian Financial Sanctions Regulations. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. November 12, 2015 .
  52. Web site: BALKANS: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT U.S. SANCTIONS: Blocking Property of Persons Who Threaten International Stabilization Efforts in the Western Balkans. Office of Foreign Assets Control, U.S. Department of the Treasury. April 26, 2019.
  53. Bush. George W.. George W. Bush. Executive Order 13304 – Termination of Emergencies With Respect to Yugoslavia and Modification of Executive Order 13219 of June 26, 2001. Federal Register. 68. 103. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. May 29, 2003. May 23, 2003. November 12, 2015 .
  54. "Western Balkans Stabilization"
  55. Web site: Part 588 — Western Balkans Stabilization Regulations. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. November 12, 2015 .
  56. Blocked pending investigation
  57. "Foreign Narcotics Kingpin", blocked pending investigation
  58. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13694 – Blocking the Property of Certain Persons Engaging in Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities. Federal Register. 80. 63. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. April 1, 2015. November 13, 2015. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160323121623/http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/cyber_eo.pdf . Mar 23, 2016 .
  59. Web site: Democratic Republic of the Congo Sanctions Program. October 5, 2016. Office of Foreign Assets Control. U.S. Department of the Treasury. April 26, 2019. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20190426195958/https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/drcongo.pdf . Apr 26, 2019.
  60. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13622 – Authorizing Additional Sanctions With Respect to Iran. Federal Register. 77. 149. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. August 2, 2012. July 30, 2012. November 12, 2015. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150316160847/http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/13622.pdf . Mar 16, 2015 .
  61. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13645 – Authorizing the Implementation of Certain Sanctions Set Forth in the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012 and Additional Sanctions With Respect To Iran. Federal Register. 78. 108. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. June 5, 2013. June 3, 2013. November 12, 2015 .
  62. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13608 – Prohibiting Certain Transactions With and Suspending Entry Into the United States of Foreign Sanctions Evaders With Respect to Iran and Syria. Federal Register. 77. 86. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. May 3, 2012. May 1, 2012. November 12, 2015 .
  63. "Non Proliferation sanctions evaders"
  64. "Anti-terrorism sanctions evaders"
  65. "Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
  66. "Magnitsky Act"
  67. Web site: The President's Executive Order on Hong Kong Normaliza-tion.
  68. Web site: Treasury Sanctions Individuals for Undermining Hong Kong's Autonomy U.S. Department of the Treasury. 2020-08-08. home.treasury.gov.
  69. Web site: Hong Kong-related Designations; Central African Republic Designation. 2020-08-08. www.treasury.gov.
  70. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13606 – Blocking the Property and Suspending Entry Into the United States of Certain Persons With Respect to Grave Human Rights Abuses by the Governments of Iran and Syria via Information Technology. Federal Register. 77. 79. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. April 24, 2012. April 22, 2012. November 12, 2015 .
  71. Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012, PL 112-239
  72. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13553 – Blocking Property of Certain Persons With Respect to Serious Human Rights Abuses by the Government of Iran and Taking Certain Other Actions. Federal Register. 75. 190. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. October 10, 2010. September 28, 2010. November 12, 2015 .
  73. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13628 – Authorizing the Implementation of Certain Sanctions Set Forth in the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 and Additional Sanctions With Respect to Iran. Federal Register. 77. 198. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. October 12, 2012. October 9, 2012. November 12, 2015 .
  74. Lantos. Tom. Tom Lantos. Block Burmese Jade (Junta's Anti-Democratic Efforts) Act Of 2008. Public Law. 110. 286. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. July 29, 2008. November 12, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20171020024814/https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Documents/pl110_286_jade_act.pdf. October 20, 2017. dead.
  75. Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012, PL 112-208
  76. "Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferators"
  77. Non-SDN Iranian Act
  78. Web site: Hammerle. Barbara. General License No. 4 – Transactions with entities under the control of the Palestinian President and certain other entities.. Office Of Foreign Assets Control. Washington, D.C.. April 12, 2006. November 12, 2015 .
  79. Web site: Part 594 — Global Terrorism Sanctions Regulations. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. November 12, 2015 .
  80. "Global Terrorism"
  81. "Narcotics Trafficking"
  82. "Foreign Narcotics Kingpin"
  83. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13581 – Blocking Property of Transnational Criminal Organizations. Federal Register. 76. 144. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. July 27, 2011. July 24, 2011. November 12, 2015 .
  84. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13660 — Blocking Property of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine. Federal Register. 79. 46. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. March 10, 2014. March 6, 2014. November 12, 2015 .
  85. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13661 — Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine. Federal Register. 79. 53. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. March 19, 2014. March 16, 2014. November 12, 2015 .
  86. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13662 — Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Ukraine. Federal Register. 79. 56. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. March 24, 2014. March 20, 2014. November 12, 2015 . Web site: Directive 1 (as amended) under executive order 13662. OFAC. September 12, 2014. November 12, 2015 . Web site: Directive 2 (as amended) under executive order 13662. OFAC. September 12, 2014. November 12, 2015 . Web site: Directive 3 under executive order 13662. OFAC. September 12, 2014. November 12, 2015 . Web site: Directive 4 under executive order 13662. OFAC. September 12, 2014. November 12, 2015 .
  87. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13685 — Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to the Crimea Region of Ukraine. Federal Register. 79. 247. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. December 24, 2014. December 19, 2014. November 12, 2015 .
  88. Obama. Barack. Barack Obama. Executive Order 13692 — Blocking Property and Suspending Entry of Certain Persons Contributing to the Situation in Venezuela. Federal Register. 80. 47. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C.. March 11, 2015. March 8, 2015. November 12, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160310201815/https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/venezuela_eo.pdf. March 10, 2016.
  89. also 70 FR 71201 and 73 FR 43841
  90. News: Nakashima . Ellen . Stein . Jeff . January 2, 2025 . Treasury’s sanctions office hacked by Chinese government, officials say . https://archive.today/20250102121538/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/01/01/treasury-hack-china/#selection-593.2-597.15 . January 2, 2025 . January 2, 2025 . Washington Post.
  91. News: Satter . Raphael . December 30, 2024 . US Treasury says Chinese hackers stole documents in 'major incident' . January 2, 2025 . Reuters.
  92. News: 2025-01-17 . US Sanctions Chinese Entities Behind Telecoms, Treasury Hacks . https://archive.today/20250117172729/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-01-17/us-sanctions-chinese-entities-behind-telecoms-treasury-hacks . January 17, 2025 . 2025-01-17 . Bloomberg . en.
  93. Web site: 2025-01-14 . Treasury Sanctions Company Associated with Salt Typhoon and Hacker Associated with Treasury Compromise . 2025-01-17 . U.S. Department of the Treasury . en.

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