| Tongguan County | |
| Other Name: | Tungkwan, T'ung-kuan |
| Settlement Type: | County |
| Image Map1: | Location of Weinan Prefecture within Shaanxi (China).png |
| Map Caption1: | Weinan in Shaanxi |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | People's Republic of China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Shaanxi |
| Subdivision Type2: | Prefecture-level city |
| Subdivision Name2: | Weinan |
| Area Total Km2: | 526 |
| Population As Of: | 2018 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Total: | 154200 |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal Code |
| Postal Code: | 714300 |
| Website: | http://www.tongguan.gov.cn/ |
| Tongguan | |
| Piccap: | A 1941 relief map of China, showing the strategic position of Tongguan ("Tungkwan") relative to Xi'an's Wei Valley |
| Psp: | Tungkwan |
| W: | Tung2-kuan1 |
| P: | Tóngguān |
Tongguan County (alternately romanized as Tungkwan) is a county in the east of Shaanxi province, China, administered as part of the prefecture-level city of Weinan. It is named after the Tong Pass, a historical fortress located south of the confluence of the Wei and Yellow Rivers. It is the southeastern corner of the Ordos Loop, the point at which the Qin Mountains turn the Yellow River sharply eastward, forcing it into the North China Plain, and borders the provinces of Shanxi to the north and Henan to the east.
Tongguan County is divided to 5 towns and 1 townships.[1]
Tongguan County is rich in gold. Located in the Qinling Mountain region, it is estimated to have more than 110 metric tons of gold deposits. Mining and related activities account for over 70% of the local economy.[2]
Since the early 2000s, financial institutions in Tongguan, including rural credit cooperatives, began offering gold-backed loans, leveraging the county's gold reserves. By 2016, more than 83% of the 1.5 billion yuan in loans issued by the Tongguan Rural Credit Cooperative were secured with gold collateral, contributing significantly to local lending income.
Tongguan was also the center of one of the largest gold collateral fraud cases in China, involving up to 46 tons of adulterated gold and affecting more than 19 local lenders. The incident had a lasting impact on regional financial stability and led to regulatory reforms and criminal prosecutions.
