Donald Trump Explained

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021.

Born into a wealthy New York City family, Trump graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1968 with a bachelor's degree in economics. He became the president of his family's real estate business in 1971, renamed it the Trump Organization, and began acquiring and building skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. He launched side ventures, many licensing the Trump name, and filed for six business bankruptcies in the 1990s and 2000s. From 2004 to 2015, he hosted the reality television show The Apprentice, bolstering his fame as a billionaire. Presenting himself as a political outsider, Trump won the 2016 presidential election against Democratic Party nominee Hillary Clinton.

During his first presidency, Trump imposed a travel ban on seven Muslim-majority countries, expanded the Mexico–United States border wall, and enforced a family separation policy on the border. He rolled back environmental and business regulations, signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and appointed three Supreme Court justices. He withdrew the U.S. from agreements on climate, trade, and Iran's nuclear program, and started a trade war with China. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, he downplayed its severity, contradicted health officials, and signed the CARES Act. After losing the 2020 presidential election to Joe Biden, Trump attempted to overturn the result, culminating in the January 6 Capitol attack in 2021. He was impeached in 2019 for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, and in 2021 for incitement of insurrection; the Senate acquitted him both times.

In 2023, Trump was found liable in civil cases for sexual abuse and defamation and for business fraud. He was found guilty in 34 counts of falsifying business records in 2024, making him the first U.S. president convicted of a felony. After winning the 2024 presidential election against Vice President Kamala Harris, he was sentenced to a discharge, and two federal felony indictments against him for retention of classified documents and obstruction of the 2020 election were dismissed without prejudice.

Trump began his second presidency by initiating mass layoffs of federal workers. He imposed tariffs on nearly all countries at the highest level since the Great Depression and signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. His administration's actions - including its targeting of political opponents and civil society, persecution of transgender people, mass deportation of immigrants, and extensive use of executive orders - have drawn over 550 lawsuits challenging their legality. In Latin America, he pursued a legally controversial campaign to attack alleged drug traffickers, and ordered a military raid into Venezuela to capture the country's president. With the stated aim of regime change, he authorized American involvement alongside Israel in a major attack on Iran, resulting in the assassination of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei by Israel.

Since 2015, Trump's leadership style and political agenda - often referred to as Trumpism - have reshaped the Republican Party's identity. Many of his comments and actions have been characterized as racist or misogynistic. He has made many false or misleading statements during his campaigns and presidency, to a degree unprecedented in American politics. He promotes conspiracy theories. Trump's actions have been described by researchers as authoritarian and contributing to democratic backsliding. After his first term, scholars and historians ranked him as one of the worst presidents in American history.

Early life and education

Donald John Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at Jamaica Hospital in the New York City borough of Queens, the fourth child of Fred Trump and Mary Anne MacLeod Trump. He is of German and Scottish descent. He grew up with his older siblings, Maryanne, Fred Jr., and Elizabeth, and his younger brother, Robert, in a 23-room mansion in the Jamaica Estates neighborhood of Queens.^[1] Fred Trump paid his children each about $20,000 a year, equivalent to $265,000 a year in 2024. Trump was a millionaire in inflation-adjusted dollars by age eight.

Trump attended the private Kew-Forest School through seventh grade. His father enrolled him in New York Military Academy, a private boarding school, from eighth to twelfth grade. The academy pushed students into sports and taught the imperative of winning.

Trump considered a show business career but instead, to be closer to home, enrolled at Fordham University in 1964. He participated in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps during his first year, attending classes in a military uniform every Wednesday, but dropped it in his second year. In his junior year, he transferred to the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, most often commuting to his father's office on weekends, and graduated in May 1968 with a Bachelor of Science in economics. Contrary to his statements that he was top of his class with the highest grades possible, Wharton's published academic honors and dean's list do not include his name.^[2] By the time he went to Wharton he was eyeing a career in real estate. He was exempted from the draft during the Vietnam War due to a claim of bone spurs in his heels.

Business career

See main article: Business career of Donald Trump.

Real estate

Starting in 1968, Trump was employed at Trump Management, his father's real estate company, which managed the middle-class apartment complexes Fred had built in Queens, Staten Island, and Brooklyn. His main tasks were collecting rent and making repairs for about five years. Trump asked his father to expand to Manhattan where prices were higher, but his father was content in the outer boroughs. In 1971, he moved to Manhattan, where he planned to move the business and commuted to his father's office. That year, his father made himself chairman and Trump president. Trump began using the Trump Organization as an umbrella for the corporate names of his father's businesses.

Roy Cohn, Trump's most important early influence after his father, was his fixer, lawyer, and mentor for 13 years in the 1970s and 1980s.^[3] Cohn taught Trump to think that life is transactional. In 1973, Cohn helped Trump countersue the U.S. government for $100 million (equivalent to $ million in) over its charges that Trump's properties had discriminated against Black applicants and tenants; the case was settled a consent decree agreeing to desegregate, which the Trumps ended up in court for violating four years later. Helping Trump projects, Cohn was a consigliere whose Mafia connections controlled construction unions. In 1979, Cohn introduced political consultant Roger Stone to Trump, who enlisted Stone's services to deal with the federal government.^[4]

Trump showed a propensity for litigation, no matter the outcome and cost; even when he lost, he described the case as a win. By 2018, Trump had been involved in more than 4,000 lawsuits,^[5] liens, and other filings, often filed for nonpayment against him by employees, contractors, real estate brokers, and his own attorneys.^[6] Between 1991 and 2009, Trump filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection for six of his businesses: the Plaza Hotel in Manhattan, the casinos in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and the Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts company.^[7]

In 1992 and 1994, Trump, working with several relatives, formed a shell company for paying the vendors providing services and supplies for Trump's rental units, then billing those services and supplies to Trump Management with significant markups; the increased costs were used to get state approval for increasing the rents of his rent-stabilized units. Besides inflating rents, the schemes served to transfer assets from Fred Trump to his children and nephew and lower their tax burden.^[8]

Manhattan and Chicago developments

Trump gained public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture: the renovation of the derelict Commodore Hotel, adjacent to Grand Central Terminal.^[9] The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged for him by his father who also, jointly with Hyatt, guaranteed a $70 million bank construction loan.^{[10] [11]} The hotel reopened in 1980 as the Grand Hyatt Hotel, and that same year, he obtained rights to develop Trump Tower, a mixed-use skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.^[12] The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Corporation and Trump's PAC and was his primary residence until 2019.^[13] In 1988, Trump acquired the Plaza Hotel with a loan from a consortium of 16 banks.^[14] The hotel filed for bankruptcy protection in 1992, and a reorganization plan was approved a month later, with the banks taking control of the property.^[15]

In 1995, Trump defaulted on over $3 billion of bank loans, and the lenders seized the Plaza Hotel along with most of his other properties in a "vast and humiliating restructuring" that allowed him to avoid personal bankruptcy.^{[16] [17]} Trump's last major construction project was the 92-story mixed-use Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago, which opened in 2008. In 2024, The New York Times and ProPublica reported that the Internal Revenue Service was investigating whether he had twice written off losses incurred through construction cost overruns and lagging sales of residential units in the building he had declared to be worthless on his 2008 tax return.^[18]

Atlantic City casinos

In 1984, Trump opened Harrah's at Trump Plaza, a hotel and casino, with financing and management help from the Holiday Corporation. It was unprofitable, and he paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control. In 1985, he bought the unopened Atlantic City Hilton Hotel and renamed it Trump's Castle.^[19] Both casinos filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1992.^[20] Trump bought a third Atlantic City venue in 1988, the Trump Taj Mahal. It was financed with $675 million in junk bonds and completed for $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990. He filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1991. Under the provisions of the restructuring agreement, Trump gave up half his initial stake and personally guaranteed future performance.^[21] To reduce his $900 million of personal debt, he sold the Trump Shuttle airline; his megayacht, the Trump Princess, which had been leased to his casinos and kept docked; and other businesses.^[22] In 1995, Trump founded Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), which assumed ownership of the Trump Plaza.^[23] THCR purchased the Taj Mahal and the Trump Castle in 1996 and went bankrupt in 2004 and 2009, leaving him with 10 percent ownership.^[24] He remained chairman until 2009.^[25]

Golf clubs

In 1985, Trump acquired the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida.^[26] In 1995, he converted the estate into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues. Trump continued to use a wing of the house as a private residence.^[27] He declared the club his primary residence in 2019. He began building and buying golf courses in 1999, owning 17 golf courses by 2016.^[28]

Licensing the Trump name

See also: List of things named after Donald Trump. The Trump Organization often licensed the Trump name for consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, learning courses, and home furnishings.^[29] Over 50 licensing or management deals involved Trump's name, generating at least $59 million for his companies.^[30] By 2018, only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name. During the 2000s, Trump licensed his name to residential property developments worldwide, 40 of which were never built.

Side ventures

See also: Donald Trump and American football.

In 1970, Trump invested $70,000 of his father's wealth to receive billing as coproducer of a Broadway comedy - and lost the money. After making low-ball bids for the New York Mets and the Cleveland Indians baseball teams, in 1983 for about $6 million, he purchased the New Jersey Generals, a team in the United States Football League. The league folded after the 1985 season, largely due to his attempt to move to a fall schedule (when it would have competed with the National Football League for audience) and his attempt to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust suit.^[31] In 1989 and 1990, he lent his name to the Tour de Trump cycling stage race, an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the Tour de France or the Giro d'Italia.^[32]

From 1986 to 1988, he purchased significant blocks of shares in various public companies while suggesting that he intended to take over the company and then sold his shares for a profit,^[33] leading some observers to think he was engaged in greenmail.^[34] The New York Times found that he initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously".In 1988, Trump purchased the Eastern Air Lines Shuttle, financing the purchase with $380 million (equivalent to $ billion in) in loans from a syndicate of 22 banks. He renamed the airline Trump Shuttle and operated it until 1992.^[35] He defaulted on his loans in 1991, and ownership passed to the banks.^[36] In 1996, he purchased the Miss Universe pageants, including Miss USA and Miss Teen USA. Due to disagreements with CBS about scheduling, he took both pageants to NBC in 2002.^{[37] [38]} In 2007, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work as producer of Miss Universe.^[39] NBC and Univision dropped the pageants in June 2015 in reaction to his comments about Mexican immigrants.^[40]

Trump University

In 2005, Trump cofounded Trump University, a company that sold real estate seminars for up to $35,000. After New York State authorities notified the company that its use of "university" violated state law because it was not an academic institution, its name was changed to the Trump Entrepreneur Initiative in 2010. In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University, alleging that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers. Additionally, two class actions were filed in federal court against Trump and his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees testified that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students. Shortly after he won the 2016 presidential election, he agreed to pay a total of $25 million to settle the three cases.^[41]

Foundation

See main article: Donald J. Trump Foundation.

The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a private foundation established in 1988.^[42] From 1987 to 2006, Trump gave his foundation $5.4 million, which had been spent by the end of 2006. After donating a total of $65,000 in 2007 - 2008, he stopped donating any personal funds to the charity,^[43] which received millions from other donors, including $5 million from Vince McMahon.^[44] The foundation gave to health- and sports-related charities, conservative groups,^[45] and charities that held events at Trump properties. In 2016, The Washington Post reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including self-dealing and tax evasion.^[46] Also in 2016, the New York attorney general stated the foundation had violated state law by soliciting donations without submitting to required annual external audits and ordered it to cease its fundraising activities in New York immediately.^[47] Trump's team announced in December 2016 that the foundation would be dissolved.^[48]

In June 2018, the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump, and his adult children, seeking $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.^[49] In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed its assets to other charities.^[50] In November 2019, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.^[51]

Legal affairs and bankruptcies

See main article: Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump.

According to a review of state and federal court files conducted by USA Today in 2018, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions.^[5] While Trump has not filed for personal bankruptcy, his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection six times between 1991 and 2009.^[52] They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced his shares in the properties. During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion.^[53] After his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks, with the exception of Deutsche Bank, declined to lend to him.^[54] After the January 6 Capitol attack, Deutsche Bank also decided not to do business with him or his affiliated company in the future.^[55]

Media career

See main article: Media career of Donald Trump.

Trump has published 19 books under his name, most written or cowritten by ghostwriters.^[56] His first book, The Art of the Deal (1987), was a New York Times Best Seller, and was credited by The New Yorker with making Trump famous as an "emblem of the successful tycoon".^[57] The book was ghostwritten by Tony Schwartz, who is credited as a coauthor. Trump had cameos in many films and television shows from 1985 to 2001.^[58] Trump acquired his style of politics from professional wrestling. From the late 1980s, he sporadically played himself as a super-rich boss at events staged by professional wrestling promotion WWE, including WrestleMania 23 in 2007. Starting in the 1990s, Trump appeared 24 times as a guest on the nationally syndicated Howard Stern Show. He had his own short-form talk radio program, Trumped!, from 2004 to 2008.^[59] From 2011 until 2015, he was a guest commentator on Fox & Friends.^[60] In 2021, Trump, who had been a member since 1989, resigned from SAG-AFTRA to avoid a disciplinary hearing regarding the January 6 attack; two days later, the union permanently barred him.^[61]

Producer Mark Burnett made Trump a television star when he created the reality show The Apprentice, which Trump hosted from 2004 to 2015 (including variant The Celebrity Apprentice). On the shows, he was a superrich chief executive who eliminated contestants with the catchphrase "you're fired". The New York Times called his portrayal "a highly flattering, highly fictionalized version" of himself.^[62] The shows remade Trump's image for millions of viewers nationwide.^{[62] [63]} With the related licensing agreements, they earned him more than $400 million.^[64]

Early political aspirations

Trump registered as a Republican in Queens in 1969 and in Manhattan in 1987;^[65] a member of the Independence Party, the New York state affiliate of the Reform Party, in 1999; a Democrat in 2001; a Republican in 2009; unaffiliated in 2011; and a Republican in 2012.^[66] In 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in major newspapers^[67] expressing his views on foreign policy and how to eliminate the federal budget deficit.^[68] In 1988, he approached Lee Atwater, asking to be put into consideration to be Republican nominee George H. W. Bush's running mate. Bush found the request "strange and unbelievable".^[69] Trump was a candidate in the 2000 Reform Party presidential primaries for three months before he withdrew in February 2000.^{[70] [71] [72]} In 2011, Trump considered challenging President Barack Obama in the 2012 election. He spoke at the Conservative Political Action Conference in February and gave speeches in states with early primaries.^{[73] [74]} In May 2011, he announced that he would not run.^[73]

2016 presidential election

See main article: 2016 United States presidential election.

Trump announced his candidacy for the 2016 election in June 2015.^{[75] [76]} He campaigned as a rich, successful businessman and an outsider without political experience,^{[77] [78] [79]} and claimed media bias against him.^{[80] [81]} Trump's campaign statements were often opaque and suggestive;^[82] a record number were false.^{[83] [84] [85]} He became the Republican front-runner in March 2016^[86] and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee in May.^[87] This and later campaigns featured the slogan "Make America Great Again".

Trump described NATO as "obsolete"^[88] and espoused views described by The Washington Post as noninterventionist and protectionist.^[89] His campaign platform emphasized renegotiating U.S. - China relations and free trade agreements such as NAFTA and strongly enforcing immigration laws. Other campaign positions included pursuing energy independence while opposing climate change regulations, modernizing services for veterans, repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act, abolishing Common Core education standards, investing in infrastructure, simplifying the tax code while reducing taxes, and imposing tariffs on imports by companies that offshore jobs. He advocated increasing military spending and extreme vetting or banning of immigrants from Muslim-majority countries.^[90] He promised to build a wall on the Mexico - U.S. border and vowed that Mexico would pay for it.^[91] He pledged to deport millions of illegal immigrants residing in the U.S.,^[92] and criticized birthright citizenship for incentivizing "anchor babies".^[93] According to an analysis in Political Science Quarterly, Trump made "explicitly racist and sexist appeals to win over white voters" during his 2016 presidential campaign. In particular, his campaign launch speech drew criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists";^[94] in response, NBC fired him from Celebrity Apprentice.^[95]

Trump's FEC-required reports listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.^{[96] [97]} He did not release his tax returns, contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and to promises he made in 2014 and 2015 to release them if he ran for office.^{[98] [99]} He said his tax returns were being audited, and that his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.^[100] After a lengthy court battle to block release of his tax returns and other records to the Manhattan district attorney for a criminal investigation, including two appeals by Trump to the U.S. Supreme Court, in February 2021 the high court allowed the records to be released to the prosecutor for review by a grand jury.^{[101] [102]} In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from The New York Times. They show that he had declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years.^[103]

Trump won the election with 306 pledged electoral votes versus 232 for Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. After elector defections on both sides, the official count was 304 to 227.^[104] The fifth person to be elected president despite losing the popular vote, he received nearly 2.9 million fewer votes than Clinton, 46.3% to her 48.25%.^[105] He was the only president who neither served in the military nor held any government office prior to becoming president.^[106] His election marked the return of a Republican undivided government.^[107] Trump's victory sparked protests in major U.S. cities.^{[108] [109]}

First presidency (2017–2021)

See main article: First presidency of Donald Trump.

Trump was inaugurated on January 20, 2017. The day after his inauguration, an estimated 2.6 million people worldwide, including 500,000 in Washington, D.C., protested against him in the Women's Marches.^[110] During his first week in office, Trump signed six executive orders, including authorizing procedures for repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"), withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations, advancement of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access Pipeline projects, and planning for a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico.^[111]

Conflicts of interest

Trump continued to profit from his businesses during his first presidency and knew how his administration's policies affected them.^{[112] [113]} Although he said he would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization pursued operational expansions in Scotland, Dubai, and the Dominican Republic.^{[112] [113]} Lobbyists, foreign government officials, and Trump donors and allies generated hundreds of millions of dollars for his resorts and hotels.^[114]

Domestic policy

Trump took office at the height of the longest economic expansion in American history,^[115] which began in 2009 and continued until February 2020, when the COVID-19 recession began.^[116] In December 2017, he signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which reduced tax rates for businesses and individuals and eliminated the penalty associated with the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate.^{[117] [118]} Under Trump, the federal budget deficit increased by almost 50 percent, to nearly $1 trillion in 2019.^[119] By the end of his term, the U.S. national debt increased by 39 percent, reaching $27.75 trillion, and the U.S. debt-to-GDP ratio hit a post-World War II high.^[120]

Trump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.^[121] He reduced the budget for renewable energy research by 40 percent and reversed Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.^[122] He withdrew from the Paris Agreement, making the U.S. the only nation to not ratify it.^[123] Trump aimed and aims to boost the production and exports of fossil fuels.^{[124] [125]} Natural gas expanded under Trump, but coal continued to decline.^{[126] [127]} He rolled back more than 100 federal environmental regulations, including those that curbed greenhouse gas emissions, air and water pollution, and the use of toxic substances. He weakened protections for animals and environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, and expanded permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction, such as allowing drilling in the Arctic Refuge.^[128]

Trump dismantled federal regulations on health,^{[129] [130]} labor,^[130] the environment,^{[131] [130]} and other areas, including a bill that revoked the Obama-era regulation restricting the sale of firearms to severely mentally ill people.^[132] During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended, or reversed ninety federal regulations,^[133] often "after requests by the regulated industries".^[134]

Trump vowed to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act.^[135] He scaled back the act's implementation through executive orders.^{[136] [137]} He expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail"; his administration halved the enrollment period and drastically reduced funding for enrollment promotion.^{[138] [139]}

In response to the opioid epidemic, Trump signed legislation in 2018 to increase funding for drug treatments, but was widely criticized for failing to make a concrete strategy.^[140] He barred organizations that provide abortions or abortion referrals from receiving federal funds.^[141] His administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections against discrimination of LGBTQ people.^[142] His attempted rollback of anti-discrimination protections for transgender patients in August 2020 was halted by a federal judge after a Supreme Court ruling extended employees' civil rights protections to gender identity and sexual orientation.^[143] His administration took an anti-marijuana position, revoking Obama-era policies that provided protections for states that legalized marijuana.^[144] Trump is a long-time advocate of capital punishment,^{[145] [146]} and his administration oversaw the federal government execute 13 prisoners, more than in the previous 56 years combined, ending a 17-year moratorium.^[147]

Pardons and commutations

During his first term, Trump granted 237 requests for clemency, fewer than all presidents since 1900 with the exception of George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush.^[148] Only 25 of them had been vetted by the Justice Department's Office of the Pardon Attorney; the others were granted to people with personal or political connections to him, his family, and his allies, or recommended by celebrities.^{[149] [150]} In his last full day in office, he granted 73 pardons and commuted 70 sentences.^[151] The pardons of three military service members convicted of or charged with violent crimes were opposed by military leaders.^[152]

Immigration

As president, Trump described illegal immigration as an "invasion" of the United States^[153] and drastically escalated immigration enforcement. He implemented harsh policies against asylum seekers and deployed nearly 6,000 troops to the U.S. - Mexico border to stop illegal crossings.^[154] He reduced the number of refugees admitted to record lows, from an annual limit of 110,000 before he took office to 15,000 in 2021.^{[155] [156] [157]} Trump also increased restrictions on granting permanent residency to immigrants needing public benefits.^[158] One of his central campaign promises was to build a wall along the U.S. - Mexico border;^[159] during his first term, the U.S. built 73miles of wall in areas without barriers and 365miles to replace older barriers.^[160] In 2018, Trump's refusal to sign any spending bill unless it allocated funding for the border wall^[161] resulted in the longest-ever federal government shutdown, for 35 days from December 2018 to January 2019.^{[162] [163]} The shutdown ended after he agreed to fund the government without any funds for the wall. To avoid another shutdown, Congress passed a funding bill with $1.4 billion for border fencing in February.^[164] Trump later declared a national emergency on the southern border to divert $6.1 billion of funding to the border wall despite congressional disagreement.^[165]

In January 2017, Trump signed an executive order that denied entry to citizens from six Muslim-majority countries for four months and from Syria indefinitely.^{[166] [167]} The order caused many protests and legal challenges that resulted in nationwide injunctions.^[168] A revised order giving some exceptions was also blocked by courts,^{[169] [170]} but the Supreme Court ruled in June that the ban could be enforced on those lacking "a bona fide relationship with a person or entity" in the U.S.^[171] Trump replaced the ban in September with a presidential proclamation extending travel bans to North Koreans, Chadians, and some Venezuelan officials, but excluded Iraq and Sudan.^[172] The Supreme Court allowed that version to go into effect in December 2017,^[173] and ultimately upheld the ban in 2019.^[174] From 2017 to 2018, the Trump administration had a policy of family separation that separated over 4,400 children, some as young as four months old,^[175] from migrant parents at the U.S. - Mexico border.^{[176] [177]} The unprecedented^[178] policy sparked public outrage in the country.^[179] Despite Trump initially blaming Democrats^{[180] [181]} and insisting he could not stop the policy with an executive order, he acceded to public pressure in June 2018 and mandated that illegal immigrant families be detained together unless "there is a concern" of risk for the child.^{[182] [183]} A judge later ordered that the families be reunited and further separations stopped except in limited circumstances,^{[184] [185]} though over 1,000 additional children were separated from their families after the order. By April 2024, 1,360 children had not been confirmed as reunified with their families.^[175]

Foreign policy

Trump describes himself as a "nationalist"^[186] and his foreign policy as "America First".^[187] He supported populist, neo-nationalist, and authoritarian governments.^[188] Unpredictability, uncertainty, and inconsistency characterized foreign relations during his tenure. Relations between the U.S. and its European allies were strained under Trump.^[189] He criticized NATO allies and privately suggested that the U.S. should withdraw from NATO.^{[190] [191]}

Trump supported many of the policies of Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu.^[192] In 2020, Trump hosted the signing of the Abraham Accords between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain to normalize their foreign relations.^[193] Trump began a trade war with China in 2018 after imposing tariffs and other trade barriers he said would force China to end longstanding unfair trade practice and intellectual property infringement.^[194] Trump weakened the toughest U.S. sanctions imposed after the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea.^{[195] [196]} Trump praised and, according to some critics, rarely criticized Russian president Vladimir Putin,^{[197] [198]} though he opposed some actions of Russia's government.^[199] He withdrew the U.S. from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, citing alleged Russian noncompliance,^[200] and supported Russia's possible return to the G7.^[201]

As North Korea's nuclear weapons were increasingly seen as a serious threat,^[202] Trump became the first sitting U.S. president to meet a North Korean leader, meeting Kim Jong Un three times between June 2018 and June 2019.^[203] Talks on North Korean denuclearization broke down in October 2019, and no agreement was reached.^{[204] [205]}

Personnel

See main article: Political appointments of the first Trump administration and First cabinet of Donald Trump.

By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.^[206] By July 2018, 61 percent of his senior aides had left^[207] and 141 staffers had left in the previous year.^[208] Both figures set a record for recent presidents.^[209] Various close personal aides to Trump stopped working for him or were forced to leave.^[210] Trump publicly disparaged several of his former top officials.^[211]

Trump had four White House chiefs of staff, marginalizing or pushing out several.^[212] In May 2017, he dismissed Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director James Comey, saying a few days later that he was concerned about Comey's role in the Trump - Russia investigations.^{[213] [214]} Three of Trump's 15 original cabinet members left or were forced to resign within his first year.^{[215] [210]} Trump was slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.^[216] By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled and he had no nominee for 264.^[217]

Judiciary

Trump appointed 234 federal judges, including 54 to the courts of appeals and three to the Supreme Court: Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett,^{[218] [219]} which politically shifted the Court to the right.^{[220] [221] [222]} In the 2016 campaign, he pledged that Roe v. Wade would be overturned "automatically" if he were elected and given the opportunity to appoint two or three anti-abortion justices. He later took credit when Roe was overturned by Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization in 2022; all three of his Supreme Court nominees voted with the majority.^{[223] [224]} Trump disparaged courts and judges he disagreed with, often in personal terms, and questioned the judiciary's constitutional authority. His attacks on courts drew rebukes from observers, including sitting federal judges, concerned about the effect of his statements on the judicial independence and public confidence in the judiciary.^{[225] [226]}

COVID-19 pandemic

See main article: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

See also: Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Trump initially ignored public health warnings and calls for action from health officials within his administration.^[227] Trump established the White House Coronavirus Task Force on January 29.^[228] On March 27, he signed into law the CARES Act - a $2.2 trillion bipartisan economic stimulus bill - the largest stimulus in U.S. history.^{[229] [230]} After weeks of attacks to draw attention away from his slow response, Trump halted funding of the World Health Organization in April.^[231] He encouraged right-wing protests against social-distancing policies in states with stay-at-home orders^[232] and repeatedly pressured federal health agencies to take actions he favored,^[233] such as approving unproven treatments.^{[234] [235]}

In October, Trump was hospitalized for three days with a severe case of COVID-19 while his medical team downplayed the severity of his condition.^[236]

Investigations

After he assumed office, Trump was the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition, and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, his private businesses, personal taxes, and his charitable foundation.^[237] There were ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and twelve congressional investigations.^[238]

In July 2016, the FBI launched Crossfire Hurricane, an investigation into possible links between Russia and Trump's 2016 campaign.^[239] After Trump fired Comey in May 2017, the FBI opened a second investigation into Trump's personal and business dealings with Russia.^[240] In January 2017, three U.S. intelligence agencies jointly stated with "high confidence" that Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor Trump.^{[241] [242]} Crossfire Hurricane was later transferred to Robert Mueller's special counsel investigation;^[243] the investigation into Trump's ties to Russia was ended by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein after he told the FBI that Mueller would pursue the matter.^{[244] [245]} At the request of Rosenstein, the Mueller investigation examined criminal matters "in connection with Russia's 2016 election interference". Mueller's final report in March 2019^[246] found that Russia interfered in 2016 to favor Trump^[247] and that Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged the effort,^{[248] [249] [250]} but that the evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russia.^{[251] [252]} Trump claimed the report exonerated him despite Mueller writing that it did not.^[253] The report also detailed potential obstruction of justice by Trump but "did not draw ultimate conclusions"^{[254] [255]} and left the decision to charge the laws to Congress.^[256]

Impeachments

See main article: First impeachment of Donald Trump and Second impeachment of Donald Trump.

Trump was impeached twice by the House of Representatives, though acquitted by the Senate on both occasions. The first impeachment arose from a whistleblower complaint that in July 2019 Trump had pressured Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy to investigate Joe and Hunter Biden,^[257] in an attempt to gain an advantage in the 2020 presidential election.^[258] In December 2019, the House voted to impeach Trump for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress,^[259] and the Senate acquitted him in February 2020.^[260]

The second impeachment came after the January 6 Capitol attack, for which the House charged Trump with incitement of insurrection on January 13, 2021.^[261] Trump left office on January 20, and was acquitted on February 13. Seven Republican senators voted for conviction.^[262]

2020 presidential election and rejection of outcome

Trump filed to run for reelection only a few hours after becoming president in 2017.^[263] He held his first reelection rally less than a month after taking office^[264] and officially became the Republican nominee in August 2020.^[265] Trump's campaign focused on crime, claiming that cities would descend into lawlessness if Democratic nominee Joe Biden won.^[266] Starting in early 2020, Trump sowed doubts about the election, claiming without evidence that it would be rigged and that widespread use of mail balloting would produce massive election fraud.^{[267] [268]} He repeatedly refused to say whether he would accept the results if he lost and commit to a peaceful transition of power.^{[269] [270]}

Joe Biden won the November 2020 election, receiving 81.3 million votes (51.3 percent) to Trump's 74.2 million (46.8 percent)^{[271] [272]} and 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232,^[273] with the Electoral College formalizing Biden's victory on December 14. Trump declared victory before the results were known on the morning after the election.^[274] Days later, when Biden was projected the winner, Trump baselessly alleged election fraud.^[275] As part of an effort to overturn the results, Trump and his allies filed many lawsuits challenging the results, which were rejected by at least 86 judges in both state and federal courts for having no factual or legal basis.^{[276] [277]}

Trump's allegations were also refuted by state election officials,^[278] and the Supreme Court declined to hear a case asking it to overturn the results in four states won by Biden.^[279] Trump repeatedly sought help to overturn the results, personally pressuring Republican local and state office-holders,^[280] Republican legislators,^[281] the Justice Department,^[282] and Vice President Pence,^[283] urging actions such as replacing presidential electors, or that Georgia officials "find" votes and announce a "recalculated" result.^[280] Trump did not attend Biden's inauguration on January 20.^[284]

January 6 attack

On January 6, 2021, while Congress was certifying the presidential election results, Trump held a rally at which he called for the election to be overturned and urged his supporters to "fight like hell" and "take back our country" by marching to the Capitol.^[285] His supporters then formed a mob that broke into the building, disrupting certification and causing the evacuation of Congress.^[286] More than 140 police officers were injured, and five people died during or after the attack.^{[287] [288]} The event has been described as an attempted self-coup by Trump. Congress later reconvened and confirmed Biden's victory in the early hours of January 7.^[289]

Between presidencies (2021–2025)

Upon leaving the White House, Trump began living at Mar-a-Lago, establishing an office there as provided for by the Former Presidents Act.^[290] His continuing false claims concerning the 2020 election were commonly referred to as the "big lie" by his critics, although in May 2021, he and many of his supporters began using the term to refer to the election itself.^{[291] [292]} The Republican Party used his false claims about the election to justify imposing new voting restrictions in its favor.^{[293] [294] [295]} He continued to pressure state legislators to overturn the election.^[296] Unlike other former presidents, Trump continued to dominate his party; a 2022 profile in The New York Times described him as a modern party boss.^[297] He continued fundraising, raising a war chest containing more than twice that of the Republican Party, and profited from fundraisers many Republican candidates held at Mar-a-Lago. Much of his focus was on party governance and installing in key posts officials loyal to him. In the 2022 midterm elections, Trump endorsed over 200 candidates for various offices.^[298] In February 2022, his Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG) launched a pro-Trump social media platform called Truth Social.^[299] In March 2024, TMTG became a public company.^[300]

Legal issues

See also: Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump. In 2019, journalist E. Jean Carroll accused Trump of raping her in the 1990s and sued him for defamation over his denial.^[301] Carroll sued him again in 2022 for battery and further defamation.^[302] He was found liable for sexual abuse and defamation and ordered to pay $5 million in one case^[303] and $83.3 million in the other.^[304] Federal appeals courts upheld both findings and awards in December 2024 and September 2025, respectively.^{[305] [304]}

In 2022, New York filed a civil lawsuit against Trump accusing him of inflating the Trump Organization's value to gain an advantage with lenders and banks.^{[306] [307]} He was found liable and ordered to pay nearly $355 million plus interest. In August 2025, the appeals court upheld his liability and nonmonetary penalties, but voided the monetary penalty as excessive.^[308]

In connection with Trump's efforts to overturn the 2020 election and his involvement in the January 6 attack, in December 2022 the U.S. House committee on the attack recommended criminal charges against him for obstructing an official proceeding, inciting or assisting an insurrection, and conspiracy to defraud the United States.^[309] In August 2023, a grand jury in Fulton County, Georgia, indicted him on 13 charges, including racketeering, for his efforts to subvert the 2020 election in the state.^{[310] [311]} The case was dismissed in November 2025 after the new prosecutor declined to pursue the charges.^[312]

In January 2022, the National Archives and Records Administration retrieved 15 boxes of documents Trump had taken to Mar-a-Lago after leaving the White House, some of which were classified.^[313] In the ensuing Justice Department investigation, officials retrieved more classified documents from his lawyers. On August 8, 2022, FBI agents searched Mar-a-Lago for illegally held documents, including those in breach of the Espionage Act, collecting 11 sets of classified documents, some marked top secret.^{[314] [315]} A federal grand jury constituted by Special Counsel Jack Smith indicted Trump in June 2023 on 31 counts of "willfully retaining national defense information" under the Espionage Act, among other charges.^{[316] [317]} Trump pleaded not guilty.^[318] In July 2024, judge Aileen Cannon dismissed the case, ruling Smith's appointment as special prosecutor was unconstitutional.^[319] After his reelection, the 2020 election obstruction case and the classified documents case were dismissed without prejudice due to Justice Department policy against prosecuting sitting presidents.^[320]

In May 2024, Trump was convicted on 34 felony counts of falsifying business records.^[321] The case stemmed from evidence that he booked Michael Cohen's hush-money payments to adult film actress Stormy Daniels as business expenses to cover up his alleged 2006 - 2007 affair with Daniels during the 2016 election.^{[321] [322]} On January 10, 2025, the judge gave Trump a no-penalty sentence known as an unconditional discharge, saying that punitive requirements would have interfered with presidential immunity.^[323]

2024 presidential election

See main article: 2024 United States presidential election.

In November 2022, Trump announced his candidacy for the 2024 presidential election and created a fundraising account.^{[324] [325]} In March 2023, the campaign began diverting ten percent of the donations to his leadership PAC. His campaign had paid $100 million towards his legal bills by March 2024.^{[326] [327]}

During the campaign, Trump made increasingly violent and authoritarian statements.^[328] He said that he would weaponize the FBI and the Justice Department against his political opponents^{[329] [330]} and use the military to target Democratic politicians and those not supporting his candidacy.^{[331] [332]} He used harsher and more dehumanizing anti-immigrant rhetoric than during his presidency.^[333] His rhetoric, calling his political opponents "the enemy", vermin, and fascists, has been described by some historians and scholars as authoritarian, fascist,^[334] and unlike anything a political candidate has ever said in American history.^{[335] [336]} Age and health concerns also arose during the campaign, with several medical experts highlighting an increase in rambling, tangential speech and behavioral disinhibition.^[337]

Trump mentioned "rigged election" and "election interference" earlier and more frequently than in the 2016 and 2020 campaigns and refused to commit to accepting the 2024 election results.^{[338] [339]} On July 13, 2024, Trump was shot in the ear in an assassination attempt at a campaign rally in Butler Township, Pennsylvania.^{[340] [341] [342]} Two days later, the 2024 Republican National Convention nominated him as their presidential candidate.^[343] In September he was targeted but unharmed in another assassination attempt in Florida.^[344] Trump won the election in November 2024 with 312 electoral votes to incumbent vice president Kamala Harris's 226.^[345] He also won the popular vote with 49.8% to Harris's 48.3%.^[346] His victory in 2024 was in large part due to the 2021–2023 inflation surge.^{[347] [348]} Several outlets described his reelection as an extraordinary comeback.^{[349] [350]}

Trump's policy platform (Agenda 47) was vague, to limit criticism and maintain flexibility.^[351] Trump occasionally disavowed knowledge of the Project 2025 group, formed to institutionalize Trumpism,^[352] despite personnel overlap with his first administration.^{[353] [354]} Trump chose several Project 2025 authors for his second administration,^[355] and most of his early second-term executive actions would "mirror or partially mirror" its proposals.^[356]

Second presidency (2025–present)

See main article: Second presidency of Donald Trump.

Trump began his second term upon his inauguration on January 20, 2025.^[357] He became the oldest to assume the presidency,^[358] the first president with a felony conviction, and the second person to serve two nonconsecutive terms as president.^[359] The New York Times stated his attempts to expand presidential power are a defining characteristic of his second term, and they emphasized his conflicts with judicial authority.^[360]

Early actions

More than a month before the 100-day mark of Trump's second term, he had issued more executive orders than any other U.S. president's first 100 days.^[361] As of mid-January 2026, his orders and actions had been challenged in over 550 lawsuits nationwide. Of these, plaintiffs had prevailed in 195 cases, the government had prevailed in 109 cases, there were split rulings in 16 cases, 228 cases were pending, and 25 cases were closed.^[362] Both Republican and Democratic judicial appointees have found numerous constitutional and statutory flaws with Trump administration policies.^[363]

Following legal setbacks, Trump increased his criticism of the judiciary and called for impeachment of federal judges who ruled against him.^[364] By mid-July 2025, a Washington Post analysis found he defied judges and the courts in roughly one third of all cases against him, actions which were described by legal experts as unprecedented for any presidential administration.^[365]

His administration asserted a constitutional right to ignore federal law in its justification of several actions such as in his refusal to enforce a federal ban on TikTok, with legal experts describing it as claiming a "constitutional power to immunize private parties to commit otherwise illegal acts with impunity".^{[366] [367] [368]}

Conflicts of interest (2025–present)

Trump's second presidency has been described as having fewer guardrails against conflicts of interest than his first,^{[369] [370]} breaking with decades of ethical norms,^[371] and raising substantial corruption concerns.^{[372] [373]} He maintained a publicly traded company in Trump Media & Technology Group, and diversified it into financial services.^[374] He pursued new overseas real estate deals involving state-affiliated entities, and had several branding and licensing deals selling Trump-branded merchandise.^[369] He profited from events held at his hotels and golf courses and did not place his assets in a blind trust, as previous presidents had done.^[375]

Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited from two cryptocurrency tokens ("meme coins"), $Trump and $Melania.^{[376] [377]} He also directly benefited from his family's cryptocurrency company World Liberty Financial, which engaged in an unprecedented mixing of private enterprise and government policy.^[378]

Mass terminations of federal employees

Trump implemented a hiring freeze across the federal government and ordered telework of federal employees to be discontinued within 30 days.^{[379] [380]} He ordered a review of many career civil service positions with the intention of reclassifying them into at-will positions without job protections.^{[380] [381] [382]} He initiated mass job terminations of federal employees,^[383] which were described by legal experts as unprecedented or in violation of federal law,^[384] with the intent of replacing them with workers more aligned with his agenda.^[385] By late February 2025, the administration had fired more than 30,000 people.^[386] He ordered an end to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) projects in the federal government and rescinded Lyndon B. Johnson's 1965 Executive Order 11246, which had mandated that federal contractors take affirmative action to end racial discrimination.^{[387] [388]}

Trump and Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency largely dismantled several federal agencies including USAID and the Department of Education, unilaterally fired several thousand staff, and reduced administrative functions to statutory minimums.^{[389] [390] [391]}

Targeting political opponents

During his second presidency, the Trump administration took a series of actions using the government to target political opponents and civil society. He threatened, signed executive actions, and ordered investigations into his political opponents, critics, and organizations aligned with the Democratic Party.^[392] He ended the post-Watergate norm of Justice Department independence, weaponizing it and agencies across the federal government to target his political enemies.^{[393] [394]} Trump's actions against civil society were described by hundreds of legal experts and political scientists as authoritarian, contributing to democratic backsliding, and negatively impacting the rule of law.^{[395] [396] [397]}

Pardons and commutations (2025–present)

Trump's pardons and grants of clemency favored political allies and loyalists,^{[398] [399]} and disproportionately pardoned "the powerful, famous, well-connected and wealthy" accused of white-collar crime.^[399] Trump granted clemency to all January 6 rioters convicted or charged on his first day in office, including those who violently attacked police, by pardoning more than 1,500 and commuting the sentences of 14.^{[400] [401]}

Domestic policy (2025–present)

Trump ordered agencies to stop enforcement of disfavored rules in an attempt at large-scale deregulation that legal experts described as illegal and contrary to decades of federal law.^{[402] [403]} He sought greater government control over private businesses and shifted away from traditional conservative free market orthodoxy,^[404] engaging in state capitalism by taking direct government equity stakes in multiple U.S. corporations.^{[405] [406] [407]}

Science

Trump canceled and paused federal grants and made large cuts to scientific research,^[408] several of which were found by judges and the Government Accountability Office as being illegal and unconstitutional.^{[409] [410]} Trump and his administration's Make America Healthy Again agenda promoted anti-science and anti-vaccine activism, resulting in a resurgence of whooping cough and measles.^{[411] [412]}

National emergencies/health policy

Trump relied on declaring national emergencies to justify hundreds of actions and bypass congressional approval or regulatory review.^[413] For instance, he declared a national energy emergency, allowing the suspension of environmental regulations, loosening the rules for fossil fuel extraction and limiting renewable energy projects.^{[414] [415]} Trump withdrew the U.S. from the Paris Agreement on climate change during his first presidency, Biden reentered the agreement in 2021, and Trump again withdrew from the agreement during his second presidency.^[416]

Social

Trump attributed societal problems to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives and wokeness.^[417] Equating diversity with incompetence, he reversed pro-diversity policies in the federal government.^{[418] [419]} On DEI and antisemitism grounds, he threatened cultural institutions^[420] and sixty universities,^[421] and forced law firms to capitulate to his political agenda.^[422]

Trump expanded the domestic use of the military and ordered military deployments to several Democratic Party-led cities, and threatened to expand his deployments further.^{[423] [424]}

Through a series of executive orders and other actions, Trump banned transgender people from the military;^[425] restricted or defunded gender-affirming healthcare; opposed inclusive language;^[426] censored research and education materials;^[427] targeted schools, universities, and cultural institutions accused of promoting what his government calls "gender ideology";^[428] barred transgender athletes from sports; and required U.S. passports to state transgender people's sex assigned at birth.^[429]

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

In July 2025, Trump signed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act into law. The bill made the temporary tax cuts of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act permanent and added additional tax deductions for a total of around $4.5 trillion, mostly benefiting the highest income brackets and costing people in the lowest income bracket $1,600 per year. It increased funding for national defense, deportations, the border wall, and Trump's proposed Golden Dome missile defense system. It removed tax credits for renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power and for buyers of electric vehicles. The bill cut funding for Medicaid and SNAP and added additional work requirements for eligibility and a $35 co-payment for some Medicaid services; the cuts and additional requirements will take effect after the 2026 general election. The bill was projected by the Congressional Budget Office to increase the budget deficit by $3.4 trillion by 2034, cause 11.8 million people to lose Medicaid coverage, and eliminate SNAP benefits for three million people.^{[430] [431]}

Immigration (2025–present)

During Trump's first days in office, he instructed Border Patrol agents to summarily deport illegal immigrants crossing the border and disabled the CBP One app that was being used to schedule border crossings. Trump resumed the Remain in Mexico policy, designated drug cartels as terrorist groups, and ordered construction to be resumed on a border wall.^{[432] [433]} He also revoked the parole status of immigrants who entered the U.S. under CBP One and ended humanitarian parole for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans. In March 2025, he used the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 to imprison illegal immigrants without trial at the Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador.^[434] Trump targeted activists, legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or pro-Palestinian advocacy.^[435] Several American citizens were detained and deported.^[436] His aggressive and hardline deportation campaign led to large nationwide protests and violent confrontations with migrants and protesters which increased in intensity following high-profile killings of U.S. citizens by federal agents during Operation Metro Surge in January 2026.^{[437] [438]}

Foreign policy (2025–present)

Trump's second term foreign policy was described as expansionist and imperialist.^{[439] [440]} His administration favored hard power to achieve its America First foreign policy goals,^[441] and dismantled or withdrew support from domestic and international organizations dedicated to advancing American soft power.^{[442] [443]} Trump's relations with U.S. allies have been transactional and ranged from indifference to hostility, while he has sought friendlier relations with certain U.S. adversaries.^[444]

In February 2025, Trump and Vice President Vance berated Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in a highly contentious televised meeting. Media outlets described it as an unprecedented public confrontation between an American president and a foreign head of state.^{[445] [446]}

Trump has taken a pro-Israel stance and continued support for Israel in the Gaza war.^[447] As part of the 2025 Iran–Israel war, Trump ordered the bombing of Iranian nuclear sites in June.^[448] His plan for a Gaza ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas was signed in October 2025, leading to the creation of the Board of Peace.^[449] In February 2026, Trump launched a major attack on Iran with Israel with the stated goal of regime change.^[450] During the attack, Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of Iran, was killed as part of a series of Israeli missile strikes around Tehran in a joint effort with the United States ordered by Trump aimed at targeting high-ranking Iranian officials.^{[451] [452]}

Trump's economic policies have been described as protectionist,^[453] with him imposing tariffs on most countries, including large tariffs on major trading partners China, Canada, and Mexico.^[454] He started a global trade war, imposing tariffs at the highest level since the 1930 Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act at the onset of the Great Depression.^{[455] [456]} In February 2026, the Supreme Court ruled the tariffs he imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to be illegal.^[457] Trump frequently threatened and enacted tariffs against treaty allies for opposing his political objectives.^{[458] [459]}

In Latin America, Trump pursued legally controversial military strikes against alleged drug boats in international waters,^[460] and ordered a large military buildup.^[461] In November 2025, Trump pardoned former Honduran president Juan Orlando Hernández, who had been extradited to the U.S. in 2022 and sentenced to 45 years in prison for drug trafficking. In January 2026, the U.S. captured Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro in a military raid in Venezuela and took him to New York, where he was charged with drug trafficking.^[462]

In 2025, Trump threatened the annexation of Greenland, including by military force or the imposition of tariffs on European allies. In January 2026, he appeared to withdraw both threats, stating that he had reached "the framework of a future deal" with NATO.^[463]

Personnel (2025–present)

See main article: Political appointments of the second Trump administration and Second cabinet of Donald Trump.

In his second term, Trump selected cabinet members with personal loyalty to him,^{[464] [465]} with the "focus on loyalty over subject-matter expertise".^[465] In February 2025, the White House stated that Elon Musk was a special government employee.^[466] Trump gave Musk's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) access to many federal government agencies.^[466] Musk's teams operated in eighteen departments and agencies in the administration's first month,^[467] including in the Treasury Department's $5 trillion payment system,^[468] the Small Business Administration, the Office of Personnel Management, and the General Services Administration.^[469]

Political practice and rhetoric

See main article: Political positions of Donald Trump and Rhetoric of Donald Trump.

Starting with his advocacy of birther conspiracy theories in the 2010s, Trump helped bring once-fringe far-right ideas and organizations into the mainstream.The alt-right movement coalesced around and supported his candidacy due in part to opposition to multiculturalism and immigration.^{[470] [471] [472]} During his 2016 campaign, Trump's politics and rhetoric led to the formation of a political movement known as Trumpism,^[473] which has been compared to a cult of personality.His political positions have been described as populist or right-wing populist,^[474] and favoring an expansion of presidential power under a maximalist interpretation of the unitary executive theory.^{[475] [476]}

Many of his actions and rhetoric have been described as authoritarian and contributing to democratic backsliding, as well as establishing an "us versus them" narrative. Trump's rhetoric has been described as using fearmongering and demagogy which intensified during his 2024 presidential campaign.^[477] He appeals to evangelical Christians and Christian nationalists,^[478] and regularly vilifies his political opponents as "evil".^[479]

Racial and gender views

See main article: Racial views of Donald Trump and Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations.

Many of Trump's comments and actions have been characterized as racist.^[480] Several studies and surveys found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascent and were more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.^[481] He explicitly and routinely disparages racial, religious, and ethnic minorities, and scholars consistently find that racist and Islamophobic attitudes regarding blacks, immigrants, and Muslims are strong indicators of support for Trump.

He has been accused of racism^[482] for running full-page newspaper advertisements and insisting that a group of five black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 Central Park jogger case, even after they were cleared of suspicion in 2002.^[483] Trump's comments on the 2017 Unite the Right rally, condemning "this egregious display of hatred, bigotry and violence on many sides" and stating that there were "very fine people on both sides", were criticized as implying a moral equivalence between the white supremacist demonstrators and the counter-protesters.^[484] In a January 2018 discussion of immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries",^[485] remarks condemned as racist.^[486] In July 2019, a House of Representatives resolution condemned Trump for racist remarks about four minority Democratic congresswomen.^[487] His 2024 campaign made extensive use of dehumanizing language and racial stereotypes.^[488]

In June 2020, during the George Floyd protests, federal law-enforcement officials used tear gas and other crowd control tactics to remove a largely peaceful crowd of lawful protesters from Lafayette Square, outside the White House.^{[489] [490]} Trump then posed with a Bible for a photo op at the nearby St. John's Episcopal Church,^{[489] [491] [492]} with religious leaders condemning both the treatment of protesters and the photo opportunity itself.^[493]

Trump has a history of belittling women when speaking to the media and on social media.^[494] He made lewd comments, disparaged women's physical appearances, and referred to them using derogatory epithets. In October 2016, a 2005 "hot mic" recording surfaced in which he bragged about kissing and groping women without their consent, saying that, "when you're a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. ... Grab 'em by the pussy."^[495] He characterized the comments as "locker-room talk".^{[496] [497]} The incident's widespread media exposure led to his first public apology, videotaped during his 2016 presidential campaign.^[498] As of 2020, 26 women have publicly accused him of sexual misconduct, including rape, kissing without consent, groping, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked teenage pageant contestants. He has denied the allegations.^[499]

Link to violence and hate crimes

Trump has been identified as a key figure in increasing political violence in the U.S., both for and against him.^[500] He is described as embracing extremism, conspiracy theories such as QAnon, and far-right militia movements to a greater extent than any modern American president.^{[501] [502]}

Research suggests that Trump's rhetoric is associated with an increased incidence of hate crimes,^{[503] [504]} and that he has an emboldening effect on expressing prejudicial attitudes due to his normalization of explicit racial rhetoric. Researchers have also argued that Trump's "negative characterisations of, and false claims made about, those who became the targets" of the mob at the January 6 riot was a case of stochastic terrorism.^{[505] [506]} Numerous defendants investigated or prosecuted for violent acts and hate crimes cited his rhetoric in arguing that they were not culpable or should receive leniency.^{[507] [508]} A nationwide review by ABC News in May 2020 identified at least 54 criminal cases, from August 2015 to April 2020, in which he was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence mostly by white men and primarily against minorities.^[509] Trump's refusal to condemn the white supremacist Proud Boys during a 2020 presidential debate^[510] and his comment, "Proud Boys, stand back and stand by", were said to have led to increased recruitment for the pro-Trump group.^[511] Counterterrorism researchers described his normalization and revisionist history of the January 6 Capitol attack, and grant of clemency to all January 6 rioters, as encouraging future political violence.^{[512] [513]}

False or misleading statements and conspiracy theories

See main article: False or misleading statements by Donald Trump and List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump.

Trump frequently makes false statements in public remarks,^{[514] [83]} to an extent that was unprecedented in American politics.^{[514] [515] [516]} His false and misleading statements were documented by fact-checkers, including at The Washington Post, which tallied 30,573 false or misleading statements made by him during his first presidency, increasing in frequency over time.^[517] His falsehoods are a distinctive part of his political identity^[515] and have been described as firehosing.

Some of Trump's falsehoods were inconsequential,^{[518] [519]} while others had more far-reaching effects, such as his unproven promotion of antimalarial drugs as a treatment for COVID-19,^{[520] [521]} contributing to a U.S. shortage of these drugs and panic buying in Africa and South Asia.^{[522] [523]} His attacks on mail-in ballots and other election practices weakened public faith in the integrity of the 2020 presidential election,^{[524] [525]} while his disinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic delayed and weakened the national response to it.^{[526] [527] [528]} He habitually does not apologize for his falsehoods.^[529] Until 2018, the media rarely referred to his falsehoods as lies, including when he repeated demonstrably false statements.^{[530] [531] [532]}

Since before his first presidency, Trump has promoted numerous conspiracy theories. In 2011, Trump became the leading proponent of the racist "birther" conspiracy theory that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States,^[533] and he claimed credit for pressuring the government to publish Obama's birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent.^[534] Trump often prefaced his conspiracies by claiming he heard them from someone else, and promoted conspiracies such as climate change denial, alleged Ukrainian interference in U.S. elections, and vaccines and autism.^{[535] [536] [537]} After the 2020 presidential election, he promoted conspiracy theories for his defeat that were characterized as "the big lie".^{[538] [539]}

Relationship with news media

In the 2016 campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage,^[540] estimated at $2 billion.^[541] As a candidate and as president, he frequently accused the press of bias, calling it the "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".^[542]

The first Trump presidency reduced formal press briefings from about one hundred in 2017 to two by 2019 and revoked the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.^[543] By 2024, Trump repeatedly voiced support for outlawing political dissent and criticism,^[544] and said that reporters should be prosecuted for not divulging confidential sources and media companies should possibly lose their broadcast licenses for unfavorable coverage of him.^[545]

In his second term, Trump's actions against the media were unprecedented in modern American history,^[546] and historians described them as mirroring actions by authoritarian leaders to censor political opponents and negatively impacting the freedom of speech and free press.^{[547] [548]} The campaign to police speech drew comparisons to cancel culture, government censorship, and McCarthyism.^{[549] [550] [551]} The Federal Communications Commission launched investigations into media outlets accused of bias against him.^[552] As a result of Trump's threats, media executives instructed journalists and their staff to self-censor and reduce criticism of Trump.^[553] Many have characterized Trump as causing a significant decline in freedom of the press, including journalist advocacy groups^{[554] [555] [556] [557]} and academic sources.^{[558] [559] [560]}

Social media

See main article: Social media use by Donald Trump.

During Trump's first term, he often used Twitter to communicate directly with the public and sideline the press.^[561] After years of criticism for allowing Trump to post misinformation and falsehoods, Twitter began to tag some of his tweets with fact-checks in May 2020.^[562] Twitter banned him after the January 6 attack.^[563] He was banned from Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and other platforms after the January 6 attack.^[564] The loss of his social media presence diminished his ability to shape events^{[565] [566]} and correlated with a dramatic decrease in the volume of misinformation on Twitter.^[567] In February 2022, he launched social media platform Truth Social where he attracted a fraction of his Twitter following.^[568] Twitter reinstated his account in November 2022.^{[569] [570]} The two-year ban at Meta Platforms lapsed in January 2023, allowing him to return to Facebook and Instagram.^[571]

Assessments

Public image

See main article: Public image of Donald Trump.

In Trump's first term, from 2017 to 2021, international approval ratings of U.S. leadership dropped from about 22 percent in a Gallup poll^[572] of 134 countries to just 16 percent - lower than China's Xi Jinping and Russia's Vladimir Putin - in a Pew Research poll^[573] of 13 countries. In 2017, estimation of U.S. leadership declined most among allies.^[574] Domestically, Trump had chiefly partisan support: 88 percent among Republicans and 7 percent among Democrats.^[575] In a 2021 Gallup poll, he was the only president never to reach a 50 percent approval rating, and he was the first not to be named most admired in his first year in office.^[576]

Scholarly rankings

After Trump's first term, historians ranked Trump as the fourth-worst president in C-SPAN's 2021 survey of presidential historians.^[577] He rated lowest in the leadership characteristics categories for moral authority and administrative skills.^{[578] [579]} The Siena College Research Institute's 2022 survey ranked him third-worst. He was ranked near the bottom in all categories except for luck, willingness to take risks, and party leadership, and ranked last in several categories.^[580] In 2018 and 2024, the American Political Science Association ranked him the worst president.^{[581] [582]}

Personal life

Family

In 1977, Trump married Ivana Zelníčková. They had three children: Donald Jr. (b. 1977), Ivanka (b. 1981), and Eric (b. 1984). The couple divorced in 1990, following his affair with model and actress Marla Maples.^[583] He and Maples married in 1993 and divorced in 1999. They have one daughter, Tiffany (b. 1993), whom Maples raised in California.^[584] In 2005, he married Slovenian model Melania Knauss. They have one son, Barron (b. 2006).^[585]

Wealth

See main article: Wealth of Donald Trump.

Trump has said he began his career with "a small loan of a million dollars" from his father and that he had to pay it back with interest.^[586] He borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely did not repay the loans, and received another $413 million (2018 equivalent, adjusted for inflation) from his father's company.^{[587] [8]} Posing as a Trump Organization official named "John Barron", Trump called journalist Jonathan Greenberg in 1984, trying to get a higher ranking on the Forbes 400 list of wealthy Americans.^[588] Trump self-reported his net worth over a wide range: from minus $900 million in 1990^[589] to $10 billion in 2015. In 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth at $4.5 billion, based on interviews with more than 80 sources.^[590] In 2025, the magazine estimated his net worth at $5.1 billion and ranked him the 700th wealthiest person in the world.^[591]

Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein

Trump had a 15-year friendship with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Persons who knew them at the time said they frequently "hit on" and competed for women.^[592] Media attention and public pressure mounted in 2025, when his administration did not release files relating to Epstein, despite Trump's promise to do so during the 2024 campaign.^[593] Some of the files were released in December 2025, mostly heavily redacted.^[594] Roughly three million additional pages released in 2026 included approximately 38,000 references to Trump, his wife, Mar-a-Lago, and other Trump-related terms. References to Trump included "salacious information" and uncorroborated statements about him from witnesses in transcripts made over several decades.^[595]

Health

See main article: Age and health concerns about Donald Trump.

Trump says he has never drunk alcohol, smoked cigarettes, or used drugs,^{[596] [597]} and that he sleeps about four or five hours a night.^[598] He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise", but usually does not walk the course.^[599] He considers exercise a waste of energy, believing the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy" which is depleted by exercise.^[600]

In 2015, his campaign released a letter from his longtime personal physician, Harold Bornstein, stating that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".^[601] In 2018, Bornstein said Trump had dictated the contents of the letter and that three of Trump's agents had seized his medical records in a February 2017 raid on Bornstein's office.^[602]

Religion

See main article: Donald Trump and religion.

Trump called himself a Presbyterian and a Protestant in 2016.^{[603] [604]} In 2020, he said he was a nondenominational Christian.^[605] However, many have questioned the depth of these religious affiliations. A survey during his first presidency (2017 - 2021) showed that 63 percent of Americans did not believe that he was religious, despite professing a Christian affiliation, and that only 44 percent believed he was a Christian.^[606] Some of Trump's comments on the Bible or Christian practice have led critical observers to suggest that his knowledge of Christianity is superficial or erroneous, and few biographers have described him as deeply or even particularly religious.^{[607] [608]}

In his first term, Trump appointed his personal pastor^[609] and spiritual advisor,^[610] televangelist Paula White-Cain, to the White House Office of Public Liaison.^[611] During his second term, he appointed her as senior advisor of the newly created White House Faith Office.^{[612] [613]}

See also

• List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump
• Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump

Works cited

Books

• Book: Barrett, Wayne . Wayne Barrett . 2016 . 1992 . Trump: The Greatest Show On Earth: The Deals, the Downfall, the Reinvention . . 978-1-68245-079-6.
• Book: Blair, Gwenda . . Gwenda Blair . . 2015 . 2001 . 978-1-5011-3936-9.
• Book: Buettner . Russ . Russ Buettner . Craig . Susanne . Susanne Craig . . . 2024 . 978-0-593-29864-0.
• Book: D'Antonio, Michael . Never enough : Donald Trump and the pursuit of success . Michael D'Antonio . 2015 . Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press . 978-1-250-04238-5.
• Book: Haberman, Maggie . . Maggie Haberman . 2022 . Penguin Press . 978-0-593-29734-6.
• Book: Harvey, Michael . Donald Trump in Historical Perspective . 2022 . Routledge . 978-1-003-11036-1 . Harvey . Michael . Introduction: History's Rhymes . 10.4324/9781003110361-1.
• Book: Hurt III, Harry . Harry Hurt III . 1993 . Lost Tycoon . W. W. Norton & Company. . 447 . 0-393-03029-6.
• Book: Johnston, David Cay . David Cay Johnston . 2016 . . . 978-1-61219-658-9.
• Book: Johnston, David Cay . David Cay Johnston . 2021 . The Big Cheat: How Donald Trump Fleeced America And Enriched Himself And His Family . . 978-1-9821-7804-8.
• Book: Kakutani . Michiko . The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump . 2018 . . 978-0-525-57484-2 . The Firehose of Falsehood: Propaganda and Fake News . Michiko Kakutani . https://books.google.com/books?id=vlw_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT94.
• Book: Klein, Naomi . Naomi Klein . 2017 . . . 978-0-14-198679-1.
• Book: Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President . Kranish . Michael . Michael Kranish . Fisher . Marc . Marc Fisher . . 2017 . 2016 . 978-1-5011-5652-6 . Trump Revealed.
• Book: Meacham, Jon . Jon Meacham . . 2016 . . 978-0-8129-7947-3.
• Book: O'Brien, Timothy L. . TrumpNation: The Art of Being The Donald . 2005a . Timothy L. O'Brien . . 978-0-446-69617-3.
• Book: Trumped! . O'Donnell . John R. . Rutherford . James . Crossroad Press Trade Edition . 1991 . 978-1-946025-26-5 . Trumped! (book).

Journals

• Adams . Kenneth Alan . Spring 2021 . The Trump Death Cult . . 48 . 4 . February 22, 2026 . 256–276 . 0145-3378.
• Diamond . Michael J. . February 22, 2023 . Perverted Containment: Trumpism, Cult Creation, and the Rise of Destructive American Populism . Psychoanalytic Inquiry . 43 . 2 . February 22, 2026 . 96–109 . 0735-1690 . 10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20241106102947/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07351690.2023.2163147 . November 6, 2024 . . subscription.
• Douglas . Almond . Xinming . Du . . Later bedtimes predict President Trump's performance . 197 . 10.1016/j.econlet.2020.109590 . December 2020 . 109590 . 33012904 . 7518119 . 0165-1765.
• Berman . Sheri . Sheri Berman . May 2021 . The Causes of Populism in the West . Annual Review of Political Science . 24 . 71–88 . 1094-2939 . 10.1146/annurev-polisci-041719-102503 . free.
• Campani . Giovanna . Concepción . Sunamis Fabelo . Soler . Angel Rodriguez . Savín . Claudia Sánchez . November 2, 2022 . The Rise of Donald Trump Right-Wing Populism in the United States: Middle American Radicalism and Anti-Immigration Discourse . Societies . 12 . 6 . 154 . 10.3390/soc12060154 . free.
• Castañeda . Ernesto . Jenks . Daniel . April 17, 2023 . January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States . Costa . Bruno Ferreira . Parton . Nigel . Social Sciences . . 12 . 4 . 238–253 . 10.3390/socsci12040238 . free . 2076-0760.
• 2018 . 10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485 . Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World . . 66 . 2. 176–195 --> . 176 . Jason A. . Edwards.
• Gaufman . Elizaveta . Ganesh . Bharath . The Trump Carnival: Populism, Transgression and the Far Right Bias - Chapter 6: Laughing Culture . De Gruyter Contemporary Social Sciences . 35 . 2024 . 69–70 . 10.1515/9783111238135-006 . free.
• Goldsmith . Benajmin E. . Moen . Lars J. K. . May 14, 2024 . The personality of a personality cult? Personality characteristics of Donald Trump's most loyal supporters . . 46 . Special Issue . February 22, 2026 . 225–243 . 0162-895X . 10.1111/pops.12991 . free.
• Johnson . Kevin R. . Kevin Johnson (academic) . Immigration and civil rights in the Trump administration: Law and policy making by executive order . . 2017a . 57 . 3 . 611–665 .
• Johnson . Kevin R. . Kevin Johnson (academic) . Cuison-Villazor . Rose . The Trump Administration and the War on Immigration Diversity . . May 2, 2019 . 575–616 . 54 . 2.
• Kaufman . Robert R. . Haggard . Stephan . Stephan Haggard . Democratic Decline in the United States: What Can We Learn from Middle-Income Backsliding? . . 2019 . 17 . 2 . 417–432 . 10.1017/S1537592718003377 . 149457724 . free.
• Lajevardi . Nazita . Oskooii . Kassra A. R. . 2018 . Old-Fashioned Racism, Contemporary Islamophobia, and the Isolation of Muslim Americans in the Age of Trump . Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics . 3 . 1 . 112–152 . 10.1017/rep.2017.37.
• McGurk . Brett . Brett McGurk . The Cost of an Incoherent Foreign Policy: Trump's Iran Imbroglio Undermines U.S. Priorities Everywhere Else . . January 22, 2020.
• Nacos . Brigitte L. . Brigitte L. Nacos . Shapiro . Robert Y. . Robert Y. Shapiro . Bloch-Elkon . Yaeli . 2020 . Donald Trump: Aggressive Rhetoric and Political Violence . . 14 . 5 . 2–25 . 2334-3745 . 26940036 . January 20, 2025.
• O'Brien . Shannon . Donald Trump and the Kayfabe Presidency - Wrestling with the Presidency: How Donald Trump Uses Wrestling and Theatrical Tactics in the Public Sphere . Rhetoric, Politics and Society . July 22, 2020 . 10.1007/978-3-030-50551-6_3 . 39–58 . subscription.
• Parker . Christopher Sebastian . Towler . Christopher C. . May 2019 . Race and Authoritarianism in American Politics . . 22 . 503–519 . 1094-2939 . 10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-064519 . free.
• Perry . Samuel L. . Samuel L. Perry . Whitehead . Andrew L. . Grubbs . Joshua B. . April 21, 2021 . The Devil That You Know: Christian Nationalism and Intent to Change One's Voting Behavior For or Against Trump in 2020 . Politics and Religion . 15 . 2 . 229–246 . 10.1017/S175504832100002X . 11244/334967 . free.
• Piazza . James . Van Doren . Natalia . October 8, 2022 . It's About Hate: Approval of Donald Trump, Racism, Xenophobia and Support for Political Violence . . 51 . 3 . 299–314 . 1532-673X . 10.1177/1532673X221131561 . 40787175 . 12333664.
• Pion-Berlin . David . David Pion-Berlin . Bruneau . Thomas . Goetze . Richard B. Jr. . April 7, 2022 . The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations . . FirstView . 4 . 789–806 . 10.1017/gov.2022.13 . 248033246 . free.
• Reyes . Antonio . May 4, 2020 . I, Trump The cult of personality, anti-intellectualism and the Post-Truth era . Journal of Language and Politics . 19 . 6 . February 22, 2026 . 869–892 . 1569-2159 . 10.1075/jlp.20002.rey . live . subscription.
• Rothe . Dawn L. . Collins . Victoria E. . November 17, 2019 . Turning Back the Clock? Violence against Women and the Trump Administration . Victims & Offenders . 14 . 8 . 965–978 . 10.1080/15564886.2019.1671284.
• Ross . Bertrall L. . July 1, 2024 . Polarization, Populism, and the Crisis of American Democracy . . 20 . 293–308 . 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-041922-035113 . free.
• Schaffner . Brian F. . Brian Schaffner . Macwilliams . Matthew . Nteta . Tatishe . March 2018 . Understanding White Polarization in the 2016 Vote for President: The Sobering Role of Racism and Sexism . . 133 . 1 . 9–34 . 10.1002/polq.12737 . free.
• Stephens-Dougan . LaFluer . May 2021 . The Persistence of Racial Cues and Appeals in American Elections . . 24 . 301–320 . 1094-2939 . 10.1146/annurev-polisci-082619-015522 . free.
• Sundahl . Anne-Mette Holmgård . Personality Cult or a Mere Matter of Popularity? . . 36 . 4 . May 4, 2022 . 431–458 . 10.1007/s10767-022-09423-0 . 35528318 . 9066393.
• Urbinati . Nadia . Nadia Urbinati . May 2019 . Political Theory of Populism . . 22 . December 20, 2024 . 111–127 . 1094-2939 . 10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070753 . subscription.

Further reading

• Books credited to Trump
• Books about Trump

External links

• Archive of Donald Trump's tweets (Enter 2021-01-09 into the End Date field to view tweets from before the suspension.)

Notes and References

1. News: Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It . Jason . Horowitz . . September 22, 2015 . December 15, 2025 . limited.
2. News: Selk . Avi . . May 20, 2018 . It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and nearly had to go to war .
3. News: Mahler . Jonathan . Flegenheimer . Matt . What Donald Trump Learned From Joseph McCarthy's Right-Hand Man . May 26, 2020 . . June 20, 2016 . limited.
4. Brenner . Marie . Marie Brenner . How Donald Trump and Roy Cohn's Ruthless Symbiosis Changed America . May 26, 2020 . . June 28, 2017.
5. News: n.d. . Donald Trump: Three decades: 4,095 lawsuits . Nick . Penzenstadler . Steve . Reilly . David . Wilson . Karen . Yi . Pim . Linders . John . Kelly . Jeff . Dionise . August 26, 2025 . USA Today.
6. News: USA Today exclusive: Hundreds allege Donald Trump doesn't pay his bills . Reilly . Steve . April 25, 2018 . USA Today.
7. News: Qiu . Linda . Yep, Donald Trump's companies have declared bankruptcy...more than four times . . June 21, 2016 . May 25, 2023.
8. News: Barstow . David . David Barstow . Craig . Susanne . Susanne Craig . Buettner . Russ . Russ Buettner . October 2, 2018 . Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father . October 2, 2018 . . limited.
9. News: The winding history of Donald Trump's first major Manhattan real estate project . . James . Nevius . April 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190406124720/https://ny.curbed.com/2019/4/3/18290394/trump-grand-hyatt-nyc-commodore-hotel . April 6, 2019 . February 6, 2026.
10. Frank . Rich . Frank Rich . The Original Donald Trump . . April 30, 2018 . May 8, 2018.
11. News: Glenn . Kessler . Glenn Kessler (journalist) . Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father . March 3, 2016 . September 29, 2021 . . limited.
12. The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump . April 8, 1984 . September 29, 2021 . William E. . Geist . Bill Geist . . limited.
13. News: Trump, Lifelong New Yorker, Declares Himself a Resident of Florida . . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . October 31, 2019 . January 24, 2020.
14. News: Trump Revises Plaza Loan . . November 4, 1992 . May 23, 2023 . limited.
15. News: Trump's Plaza Hotel Bankruptcy Plan Approved . . December 12, 1992 . . May 24, 2023 . limited.
16. News: Segal . David . David Segal (journalist) . What Donald Trump's Plaza Deal Reveals About His White House Bid . . January 16, 2016 . May 3, 2022 . limited.
17. News: Trump Is Selling Plaza Hotel To Saudi and Asian Investors . . David . Stout . David Stout . Kenneth N. . Gilpin . April 12, 1995 . July 18, 2019 . limited.
18. News: Kiel . Paul . Buettner . Russ . Russ Buettner . IRS Audit of Trump Could Cost Former President More Than $100 Million . . May 11, 2024 . August 26, 2024.
19. News: Saxon . Wolfgang . Trump Buys Hilton's Hotel in Atlantic City . . April 28, 1986 . May 25, 2023 . limited.
20. News: Trump's Castle and Plaza file for bankruptcy . . March 9, 1992 . May 25, 2023.
21. News: . Company News; Taj Mahal is out of Bankruptcy . May 22, 2008 . October 5, 1991 . limited.
22. Fourth Time's A Charm: How Donald Trump Made Bankruptcy Work For Him . . May 29, 2011 . January 27, 2022 . O'Connor . Claire.
23. News: Trump Plaza casino stock trades today on Big Board . . Floyd . Norris . Floyd Norris . June 7, 1995 . December 14, 2014 . limited.
24. The Truth About the Rise and Fall of Donald Trump's Atlantic City Empire . . August 16, 2015 . March 21, 2016 . Dan . McQuade.
25. How Donald Trump Made Millions Off His Biggest Business Failure . Tully . Shawn . Shawn Tully . March 10, 2016 . . May 6, 2018.
26. Peterson-Withorn . Chase . Donald Trump Has Gained More Than $100 Million On Mar-a-Lago . . April 23, 2018 . July 4, 2018.
27. A History of Mar-a-Lago, Donald Trump's American Castle . Dangremond . Sam . Kim . Leena . December 22, 2017 . . July 3, 2018.
28. News: Garcia . Ahiza . December 29, 2016 . Trump's 17 golf courses teed up: Everything you need to know . December 15, 2025 . CNN Business.
29. News: . April 13, 2018 . September 29, 2021 . Zane . Anthony . Kathryn . Sanders . David A. . Fahrenthold . David Fahrenthold . Whatever happened to Trump neckties? They're over. So is most of Trump's merchandising empire. . limited.
30. News: Aaron . Williams . Anu . Narayanswamy . How Trump has made millions by selling his name . . January 25, 2017 . December 12, 2017 . limited.
31. News: Arash . Markazi . Arash Markazi . 5 things to know about Donald Trump's foray into doomed USFL . July 14, 2015 . September 30, 2021 . .
32. News: The Strange Tale of Donald Trump's 1989 Biking Extravaganza . Kevin . Hogan . . April 10, 2016 . April 12, 2016.
33. News: Buettner . Russ . Russ Buettner . Craig . Susanne . Susanne Craig . May 7, 2019 . Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses . May 8, 2019 . . limited.
34. News: Mattingly . Phil . Phil Mattingly . Jorgensen . Sarah . The Gordon Gekko era: Donald Trump's lucrative and controversial time as an activist investor . . August 23, 2016 . September 14, 2022.
35. News: . The Crash of Trump Air . Barbara . Peterson . April 13, 2017 . May 17, 2023.
36. 10 Donald Trump Business Failures . . October 11, 2016 . May 17, 2023.
37. News: Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC . June 22, 2002 . Jim . Rutenberg . Jim Rutenberg . August 14, 2016 . . limited.
38. News: There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC . June 22, 2002 . Lisa . de Moraes . Lisa de Moraes . . August 14, 2016 . limited.
39. News: Zara . Christopher . Christopher Zara . Why the heck does Donald Trump have a Walk of Fame star, anyway? It's not the reason you think . . October 26, 2016 . June 16, 2018.
40. News: NBC to Donald Trump: You're fired . . Maria . Puente . June 29, 2015 . July 28, 2015.
41. News: Donald Trump Agrees to Pay $25 Million in Trump University Settlement . Eder . Steve . November 18, 2016 . . November 18, 2016 . limited.
42. News: Nonprofit Explorer . . Mike . Tigas . Sisi . Wei . May 9, 2013 . September 9, 2016.
43. News: David A. . Fahrenthold . David Fahrenthold . How Donald Trump retooled his charity to spend other people's money . . September 10, 2016 . March 19, 2024 . limited.
44. News: Pallotta . Frank . Investigation into Vince McMahon's hush money payments reportedly turns up Trump charity donations . . August 18, 2022 . March 19, 2024.
45. News: . September 15, 2016 . September 30, 2021 . Claude . Solnik . Taking a peek at Trump's (foundation) tax returns .
46. News: Chris . Cillizza . Chris Cillizza . David A. . Fahrenthold . David Fahrenthold . Meet the reporter who's giving Donald Trump fits . . September 15, 2016 . June 26, 2021 . limited.
47. News: . October 3, 2016 . May 17, 2023 . David A. . Fahrenthold . David Fahrenthold . Trump Foundation ordered to stop fundraising by N.Y. attorney general's office . limited.
48. News: Donald Trump to dissolve his charitable foundation after mounting complaints . Jacobs . Ben . Ben Jacobs (journalist) . December 24, 2016 . . December 25, 2016.
49. News: Five things to know about the lawsuit against the Trump Foundation . Thomsen . Jacqueline . June 14, 2018 . . June 15, 2018.
50. News: Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality' . . December 18, 2018 . May 9, 2019 . Shane . Goldmacher . limited.
51. News: President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit . . November 7, 2019 . November 7, 2019 . Aaron . Katersky . Aaron Katersky.
52. News: Winter . Tom . Trump Bankruptcy Math Doesn't Add Up . . June 24, 2016 . February 26, 2020.
53. News: . July 17, 2016 . Emily . Flitter . Art of the spin: Trump bankers question his portrayal of financial comeback . October 14, 2018 . limited.
54. News: . December 8, 2017 . Allan . Smith . Trump's long and winding history with Deutsche Bank could now be at the center of Robert Mueller's investigation . October 14, 2018 .
55. News: Riley . Charles . Egan . Matt . Deutsche Bank won't do any more business with Trump . September 14, 2022 . . January 12, 2021.
56. News: Trump boasted about writing many books – his ghostwriter says otherwise . . Andrew . Buncombe . July 4, 2018 . October 11, 2020.
57. Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All . . Jane . Mayer . Jane Mayer . July 18, 2016 . June 19, 2017.
58. Adrienne . LaFrance . Adrienne LaFrance . Three Decades of Donald Trump Film and TV Cameos . December 21, 2015 . .
59. News: Massie . Christopher . Kaczynski . Andrew . Andrew Kaczynski . There Are Hours Of Audio Of Donald Trump's Nationally Syndicated Radio Show In The 2000s . . December 6, 2024 . March 16, 2016.
60. News: Grossmann . Matt . Hopkins . David A. . How the conservative media is taking over the Republican Party . October 19, 2018 . . September 9, 2016 . limited.
61. Harmata . Claudia . Donald Trump Banned from Future Re-Admission to SAG-AFTRA: It's 'More Than a Symbolic Step' . . February 7, 2021 . February 8, 2021.
62. News: Grynbaum . Michael M. . Parker . Ashley . Ashley Parker . July 16, 2016 . Donald Trump the Political Showman, Born on 'The Apprentice' . . July 8, 2018 . limited.
63. Nussbaum . Emily . Emily Nussbaum . The TV That Created Donald Trump . . July 24, 2017 . October 18, 2023.
64. News: Poniewozik . James . James Poniewozik . Donald Trump Was the Real Winner of 'The Apprentice' . . September 28, 2020 . October 18, 2023 . limited.
65. Web site: Gillin . Joshua . August 24, 2015 . Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade' . September 23, 2025 . PolitiFact.
66. News: Hall . Amy . Donald Trump was once a registered Democrat and party donor. So why did he jump ship? . . March 29, 2025 . July 25, 2024.
67. News: Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy . . Michael . Oreskes . Michael Oreskes . September 2, 1987 . February 17, 2016 . limited.
68. News: Trump Urged To Head Gala Of Democrats . . November 18, 1987 . October 1, 2021 . Fox . Butterfield . Fox Butterfield . limited.
69. News: George W. Bush 'surprised' by dad's criticism, author says . Gass . Nick . November 6, 2015 . December 20, 2024 . Politico.
70. News: Richard . Winger . Richard Winger . Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries . December 25, 2011 . October 1, 2021 . .
71. News: Clift . Eleanor . Eleanor Clift . The Last Time Trump Wrecked a Party . . July 18, 2016 . October 14, 2021.
72. News: Nagourney . Adam . Adam Nagourney . Reform Bid Said to Be a No-Go for Trump . . February 14, 2000 . December 26, 2020 . subscription.
73. News: MacAskill . Ewen . Ewen MacAskill . Donald Trump bows out of 2012 US presidential election race . . May 16, 2011 . February 28, 2020.
74. News: Bobic . Igor . Stein . Sam . How CPAC Helped Launch Donald Trump's Political Career . . February 22, 2017 . February 28, 2020.
75. News: Lerner . Adam B. . Adam B. Lerner . June 16, 2015 . The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech . June 7, 2018 . Politico.
76. News: Graham . David A. . May 13, 2016 . The Lie of Trump's 'Self-Funding' Campaign . June 7, 2018 . The Atlantic.
77. News: Terris . Ben . Donald Trump begins 2016 bid, citing his outsider status . . June 16, 2015 . April 26, 2025 . limited.
78. News: December 19, 2015 . Outsider Sentiment Leaves Its Mark on 2016 Races (Poll) . April 26, 2025 . ABC News.
79. Web site: Newport . Frank . Saad . Lydia . Trump Support Built on Outsider Status, Business Experience . . March 4, 2016 . April 26, 2025.
80. News: Kenneth T. . Walsh . Kenneth T. Walsh . Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt' . August 15, 2016 . October 1, 2021 . .
81. News: Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing. . Aaron . Blake . July 6, 2016 . October 1, 2021 . . limited.
82. News: Donald Trump's controversial speech often walks the line . McCammon . Sarah . Sarah McCammon . . August 10, 2016 . October 1, 2021.
83. News: The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump . . March 4, 2019 . December 21, 2015.
84. News: 2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump . . December 21, 2015 . October 1, 2021 . Angie Drobnic . Holan . Angie Drobnic Holan . Linda . Qiu.
85. News: Paul . Farhi . Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.) . February 26, 2016 . October 1, 2021 . . limited.
86. News: Bump . Philip . March 23, 2016 . Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll . October 1, 2021 . . limited.
87. News: Ohlemacher . Stephen . Mister 1,237: North Dakota delegate puts Trump over the top . . May 26, 2016 . January 28, 2025.
88. News: Jenna . Johnson . Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.' . . April 12, 2017 . November 26, 2019 . limited.
89. News: Rucker . Philip . Philip Rucker . Costa . Robert . Robert Costa (journalist) . March 21, 2016 . August 24, 2021 . Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy . . limited.
90. News: Trump's promises before and after the election . September 19, 2017 . October 1, 2021 . BBC News.
91. News: February 6, 2017 . Donald Trump's Mexico wall: Who is going to pay for it? . December 9, 2017 . BBC News.
92. News: August 19, 2015 . Donald Trump emphasizes plans to build 'real' wall at Mexico border . September 29, 2015 . CBC News.
93. Oh . Inae . August 19, 2015 . Donald Trump: The 14th Amendment is Unconstitutional . November 22, 2015 . Mother Jones.
94. News: Wolf . Z. Byron . April 6, 2018 . Trump basically called Mexicans rapists again . June 28, 2022 . CNN.
95. News: August 13, 2015 . NBC officially fires Trump from 'Celebrity Apprentice' . August 27, 2025 . AP News.
96. News: Diamond . Jeremy . Jeremy Diamond . Frates . Chris . July 22, 2015 . Donald Trump's 92-page financial disclosure released . September 14, 2022 . CNN.
97. . . July 15, 2015 . Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report (U.S. OGE Form 278e) . July 23, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150723053945/https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf . December 21, 2023.
98. News: Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns . Rappeport . Alan . Alan Rappeport . May 11, 2016 . . July 19, 2016 . limited.
99. News: Qiu . Linda . Pence's False claim that Trump 'hasn't broken' tax return promise . . October 5, 2016 . April 29, 2020.
100. News: Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits . Isidore . Chris . Sahadi . Jeanne . February 26, 2016 . March 1, 2023 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20250701174716/https://money.cnn.com/2016/02/26/pf/taxes/trump-tax-returns-audit/ . July 1, 2025.
101. News: Supreme Court allows release of Trump tax returns to NY prosecutor . Ariane . de Vogue . February 22, 2021 . September 14, 2022 . CNN.
102. News: Jessica . Gresko . Supreme Court won't halt turnover of Trump's tax records . February 22, 2021 . October 2, 2021 . AP News.
103. News: Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years . Eder . Steve . Twohey . Megan . Megan Twohey . October 10, 2016 . October 2, 2021 . . limited.
104. News: Kiersten . Schmidt . Wilson . Andrews . A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton . December 19, 2016 . January 31, 2017 . . limited.
105. Web site: Desilver . Drew . Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones . . December 20, 2016 . October 2, 2021.
106. News: Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience . Crockett . Zachary . November 11, 2016 . . January 3, 2017.
107. News: . November 9, 2016 . October 2, 2021 . Amber . Phillips . Republicans are poised to grasp the holy grail of governance . limited.
108. News: Blau . Max . McKirdy . Euan . Yan . Holly . Protesters target Trump buildings in massive street rallies . November 11, 2016 . . December 15, 2025.
109. News: Mele . Christopher . Correal . Annie . 'Not Our President': Protests Spread After Donald Trump's Election . . November 9, 2016 . May 10, 2024 . limited.
110. News: At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations . Przybyla . Heidi M. . Schouten . Fredreka . January 21, 2017 . . January 22, 2017.
111. News: Quigley . Aidan . All of Trump's executive actions so far . January 28, 2017 . . January 25, 2017.
112. News: April 18, 2017 . Donald Trump: A list of potential conflicts of interest . October 2, 2021 . BBC News.
113. News: Venook . Jeremy . Trump's Interests vs. America's, Dubai Edition . . August 9, 2017 . October 2, 2021.
114. News: Stone . Peter . How Trump's businesses are booming with lobbyists, donors and governments . . July 19, 2019 . November 20, 2024.
115. News: Andrew . Van Dam . Trump will have the worst jobs record in modern U.S. history. It's not just the pandemic. . . January 8, 2021 . October 2, 2021 . limited.
116. News: Smialek . Jeanna . June 8, 2020 . The U.S. Entered a Recession in February . . June 10, 2020 . limited.
117. News: Long . Heather . The final GOP tax bill is complete. Here's what is in it. . . December 15, 2017 . July 31, 2021 . limited.
118. News: What's in the Final Republican Tax Bill . . Wilson . Andrews . Alicia . Parlapiano . December 15, 2017 . December 22, 2017 . limited.
119. News: Long . Heather . Stein . Jeff . Jeff Stein (author) . The U.S. deficit hit $984 billion in 2019, soaring during Trump era . June 10, 2020 . . October 25, 2019 . limited.
120. News: Allan . Sloan . Cezary . Podkul . Donald Trump Built a National Debt So Big (Even Before the Pandemic) That It'll Weigh Down the Economy for Years . . January 14, 2021 . October 3, 2021.
121. • News: Ashley . Parker . Ashley Parker . Coral . Davenport . Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules . May 26, 2016 . October 3, 2021 . . limited.
     • News: Jason . Samenow . Jason Samenow . Donald Trump's unsettling nonsense on weather and climate . March 22, 2016 . October 3, 2021 . . limited.
     • News: Lemire . Jonathan . Jonathan Lemire . Madhani . Aamer . Weissert . Will . Knickmeyer . Ellen . September 15, 2020 . Trump spurns science on climate: 'Don't think science knows' . May 11, 2024 . AP News.
     • News: Plumer . Brad . Davenport . Coral . December 28, 2019 . Science Under Attack: How Trump Is Sidelining Researchers and Their Work . May 11, 2024 . . limited.
122. News: Trump proposes cuts to climate and clean-energy programs . May 3, 2019 . . November 24, 2023.
123. News: Dennis . Brady . As Syria embraces Paris climate deal, it's the United States against the world . . November 7, 2017 . May 28, 2018 . limited.
124. News: Gardner . Timothy . Senate confirms Brouillette, former Ford lobbyist, as energy secretary . December 15, 2019 . . December 3, 2019 . limited.
125. News: Trump's fossil fuel agenda gets pushback from federal judges . . Matthew . Brown . September 15, 2020 . October 3, 2021.
126. News: Lipton . Eric . Eric Lipton . October 5, 2020 . 'The Coal Industry Is Back,' Trump Proclaimed. It Wasn't. . October 3, 2021 . . limited.
127. News: Tara . Subramaniam . From building the wall to bringing back coal: Some of Trump's more notable broken promises . . January 30, 2021 . October 3, 2021.
128. News: Popovich . Nadja . Albeck-Ripka . Livia . Pierre-Louis . Kendra . Kendra Pierre-Louis . The Trump Administration Rolled Back More Than 100 Environmental Rules. Here's the Full List. . . January 20, 2021 . December 21, 2023 . limited.
129. News: Thompson . Frank W. . Six ways Trump has sabotaged the Affordable Care Act . . October 9, 2020 . January 3, 2022.
130. News: Arnsdorf . Isaac . DePillis . Lydia . Lind . Dara . Song . Lisa . Syed . Moiz . Osei . Zipporah . Tracking the Trump Administration's "Midnight Regulations" . . November 25, 2020 . January 3, 2022.
131. News: Baker . Cayli . The Trump administration's major environmental deregulations . December 15, 2020 . January 29, 2022 . Brookings Institution.
132. News: Siemaszko . Corky . Trump made it easier for the mentally ill to get guns when he rolled back Obama regulation . . August 6, 2017 . August 21, 2025.
133. News: Lipton . Eric . Eric Lipton . Appelbaum . Binyamin . Binyamin Appelbaum . Leashes Come Off Wall Street, Gun Sellers, Polluters and More . . March 5, 2017 . January 29, 2022 . limited.
134. News: Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples . . . January 29, 2022 . March 5, 2017.
135. News: Kodjak . Alison . Alison Kodjak . Trump Can Kill Obamacare With Or Without Help From Congress . January 12, 2017 . . November 9, 2016.
136. News: Trump Issues Executive Order Scaling Back Parts of Obamacare . Davis . Julie Hirschfeld . Julie Hirschfeld Davis . Pear . Robert . Robert Pear . January 20, 2017 . . January 23, 2017 . limited.
137. News: What's in Trump's health care executive order? . Tami . Luhby . . October 13, 2017 . October 14, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20250701174806/https://money.cnn.com/2017/10/12/news/economy/trump-health-care-executive-order/index.html . July 1, 2025.
138. News: Trump says he plans to 'let Obamacare fail' . Nelson . Louis . July 18, 2017 . . September 29, 2017.
139. News: Trump Ramps Up Obamacare Sabotage With Huge Cuts To Enrollment Programs . Young . Jeffrey . August 31, 2017 . . September 29, 2017.
140. News: Mann . Brian . October 29, 2020 . Opioid Crisis: Critics Say Trump Fumbled Response To Another Deadly Epidemic . . December 13, 2020.
141. News: Abortion: How do Trump and Biden's policies compare? . . July 17, 2023 . September 9, 2020.
142. News: LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination . . Mary Emily . O'Hara . March 30, 2017 . July 30, 2017.
143. News: Luthi . Susannah . Judge halts Trump's rollback of transgender health protections . . August 17, 2020 . November 8, 2023.
144. News: Bures . Brendan . February 21, 2020 . October 3, 2021 . Trump administration doubles down on anti-marijuana position . .
145. News: Wolf . Zachary B. . Trump returns to the death penalty as Democrats turn against it . . September 18, 2022 . July 27, 2019.
146. News: Honderich . Holly . In Trump's final days, a rush of federal executions . . January 16, 2021 . September 18, 2022.
147. News: Michael . Tarm . Michael . Kunzelman . Trump administration carries out 13th and final execution . . January 15, 2021 . January 30, 2022.
148. Web site: Gramlich . John . Trump used his clemency power sparingly despite a raft of late pardons and commutations . . January 22, 2021 . July 23, 2023.
149. News: Vogel . Kenneth P. . Kenneth P. Vogel . The Road to Clemency From Trump Was Closed to Most Who Sought It . . March 21, 2021 . July 23, 2023 . limited.
150. News: Trump wields pardon power as political weapon, rewarding loyalists and undermining prosecutors . December 24, 2020 . October 3, 2021 . . Toluse . Olorunnipa . Toluse Olorunnipa . Josh . Dawsey . Josh Dawsey . limited.
151. News: Kevin . Johnson . David . Jackson . Dennis . Wagner . Donald Trump grants clemency to 144 people (not himself or family members) in final hours . January 19, 2021 . . July 23, 2023.
152. News: Phillips . Dave . Trump Clears Three Service Members in War Crimes Cases . . November 22, 2019 . April 18, 2024 . limited.
153. News: Fritze . John . August 8, 2019 . A USA Today analysis found Trump used words like 'invasion' and 'killer' at rallies more than 500 times since 2017 . August 9, 2019 . USA Today.
154. News: Mitchell . Ellen . January 29, 2019 . Pentagon to send a 'few thousand' more troops to southern border . June 4, 2020 . The Hill.
155. News: Kanno-Youngs . Zolan . Zolan Kanno-Youngs . Shear . Michael D. . Michael D. Shear . October 1, 2020 . Trump Virtually Cuts Off Refugees as He Unleashes a Tirade on Immigrants . September 30, 2021 . . limited.
156. News: November 4, 2019 . Donald Trump has cut refugee admissions to America to a record low . June 25, 2020 . The Economist.
157. News: Hesson . Ted . October 11, 2019 . Trump ending U.S. role as worldwide leader on refugees . June 25, 2020 . Politico.
158. News: Snow . Anita . February 25, 2020 . Crackdown on immigrants who use public benefits takes effect . June 4, 2020 . AP News.
159. News: Timm . Jane C. . January 13, 2021 . Fact check: Mexico never paid for it. But what about Trump's other border wall promises? . December 21, 2021 . NBC News.
160. News: Farley . Robert . February 16, 2021 . Trump's Border Wall: Where Does It Stand? . December 21, 2021 . FactCheck.org.
161. News: Davis . Julie Hirschfeld . Julie Hirschfeld Davis . Tackett . Michael . Michael Tackett . January 2, 2019 . Trump and Democrats Dig in After Talks to Reopen Government Go Nowhere . January 3, 2019 . . limited.
162. News: Gambino . Lauren . Walters . Joanna . January 26, 2019 . Trump signs bill to end $6bn shutdown and temporarily reopen government . May 31, 2020 . The Guardian.
163. News: Pramuk . Jacob . January 25, 2019 . Trump signs bill to temporarily reopen government after longest shutdown in history . May 31, 2020 . CNBC.
164. News: Pramuk . Jacob . Wilkie . Christina . February 15, 2019 . Trump declares national emergency to build border wall, setting up massive legal fight . May 31, 2020 . CNBC.
165. News: Carney . Jordain . October 17, 2019 . Senate fails to override Trump veto over emergency declaration . May 31, 2020 . The Hill.
166. News: Walters . Joanna . Helmore . Edward . Dehghan . Saeed Kamali . Saeed Kamali Dehghan . January 28, 2017 . US airports on frontline as Donald Trump's travel ban causes chaos and protests . July 19, 2017 . The Guardian.
167. News: January 28, 2017 . Protests erupt at airports nationwide over immigration action . March 22, 2021 . CBS News.
168. News: Barrett . Devlin . Frosch . Dan . February 4, 2017 . Federal Judge Temporarily Halts Trump Order on Immigration, Refugees . October 3, 2021 . . subscription.
169. News: Levine . Dan . Rosenberg . Mica . March 15, 2017 . Hawaii judge halts Trump's new travel ban before it can go into effect . October 3, 2021 . . limited.
170. News: March 6, 2017 . Trump signs new travel ban directive . March 18, 2017 . BBC News.
171. News: Sherman . Mark . June 26, 2017 . Limited version of Trump's travel ban to take effect Thursday . August 5, 2017 . . Associated Press.
172. News: Laughland . Oliver . September 25, 2017 . Trump travel ban extended to blocks on North Korea, Venezuela and Chad . October 13, 2017 . The Guardian.
173. News: Hurley . Lawrence . December 4, 2017 . Supreme Court lets Trump's latest travel ban go into full effect . October 3, 2021 . . limited.
174. News: Wagner . Meg . Ries . Brian . Rocha . Veronica . June 26, 2018 . Supreme Court upholds travel ban . June 26, 2018 . CNN.
175. News: Vasquez . Tina . Trump's border policy tore apart many families. Nobody knows what happens to them now . . January 17, 2025 . November 26, 2025.
176. News: Pearle . Lauren . February 5, 2019 . Trump administration admits thousands more migrant families may have been separated than estimated . May 30, 2020 . ABC News.
177. News: Spagat . Elliot . October 25, 2019 . Tally of children split at border tops 5,400 in new count . May 30, 2020 . AP News.
178. News: Domonoske . Camila . Gonzales . Richard . June 19, 2018 . What We Know: Family Separation And 'Zero Tolerance' At The Border . May 30, 2020 . NPR News.
179. News: Epstein . Jennifer . June 18, 2018 . Donald Trump's family separations bedevil GOP as public outrage grows . May 30, 2020 . . The Sydney Morning Herald.
180. News: Sarlin . Benjy . June 15, 2018 . Despite claims, GOP immigration bill would not end family separation, experts say . June 18, 2018 . NBC News.
181. News: Davis . Julie Hirschfeld . Julie Hirschfeld Davis . Nixon . Ron . Ron Nixon . May 29, 2018 . Trump Officials, Moving to Break Up Migrant Families, Blame Democrats . December 29, 2020 . . limited.
182. Beckwith . Ryan Teague . June 20, 2018 . Here's What President Trump's Immigration Order Actually Does . May 30, 2020 . Time.
183. News: Shear . Michael D. . Michael D. Shear . Goodnough . Abby . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . June 20, 2018 . Trump Retreats on Separating Families, but Thousands May Remain Apart . June 20, 2018 . . limited.
184. News: Hansler . Jennifer . June 27, 2018 . Judge says government does a better job of tracking 'personal property' than separated kids . May 30, 2020 . CNN.
185. News: Walters . Joanna . June 27, 2018 . Judge orders US to reunite families separated at border within 30 days . May 30, 2020 . The Guardian.
186. News: William . Cummings . 'I am a nationalist': Trump's embrace of controversial label sparks uproar . . October 24, 2018 . August 24, 2021.
187. News: Katrin . Bennhold . Has 'America First' Become 'Trump First'? Germans Wonder . . June 6, 2020 . August 24, 2021 . limited.
188. News: Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump? . Carothers . Thomas . Thomas Carothers . Brown . Frances Z. . October 1, 2018 . . October 19, 2019.
189. News: Ana . Swanson . Trump Administration Escalates Tensions With Europe as Crisis Looms . March 12, 2020 . October 4, 2021 . . limited.
190. News: Baker . Peter . Peter Baker (journalist) . May 26, 2017 . October 4, 2021 . Trump Says NATO Allies Don't Pay Their Share. Is That True? . .
191. News: Barnes . Julian E. . Cooper . Helene . Helene Cooper . Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia . . January 14, 2019 . April 5, 2021 . limited.
192. News: Sommer . Allison Kaplan . July 25, 2019 . How Trump and Netanyahu Became Each Other's Most Effective Political Weapon . . August 2, 2019.
193. News: Crowley . Michael . Michael Crowley (journalist) . September 15, 2020 . Israel, U.A.E. and Bahrain Sign Accords, With an Eager Trump Playing Host . . February 9, 2024 . limited.
194. News: Swanson . Ana . July 5, 2018 . Trump's Trade War With China Is Officially Underway . May 26, 2019 . . limited.
195. News: Zengerle . Patricia . January 16, 2019 . Bid to keep U.S. sanctions on Russia's Rusal fails in Senate . October 5, 2021 . . limited.
196. News: Whalen . Jeanne . January 15, 2019 . In rare rebuke of Trump administration, some GOP lawmakers advance measure to oppose lifting Russian sanctions . October 5, 2021 . . limited.
197. News: Baker . Peter . Peter Baker (journalist) . August 10, 2017 . Trump Praises Putin Instead of Critiquing Cuts to U.S. Embassy Staff . June 7, 2020 . . limited.
198. News: Nussbaum . Matthew . April 8, 2018 . Trump blames Putin for backing 'Animal Assad' . October 5, 2021 . Politico.
199. News: December 21, 2019 . Nord Stream 2: Trump approves sanctions on Russia gas pipeline . October 5, 2021 . BBC News.
200. News: Bugos . Shannon . September 2019 . U.S. Completes INF Treaty Withdrawal . October 5, 2021 . Arms Control Association.
201. News: Panetta . Grace . June 14, 2018 . Trump reportedly claimed to leaders at the G7 that Crimea is part of Russia because everyone there speaks Russian . February 13, 2020 . Business Insider.
202. News: Taylor . Adam . Meko . Tim . December 21, 2017 . What made North Korea's weapons programs so much scarier in 2017 . July 5, 2019 . The Washington Post.
203. News: Baker . Peter . Peter Baker (journalist) . Crowley . Michael . Michael Crowley (journalist) . June 30, 2019 . Trump Steps Into North Korea and Agrees With Kim Jong-un to Resume Talks . October 5, 2021 . The New York Times.
204. News: Sanger . David E. . David E. Sanger . Sang-Hun . Choe . Choe Sang-hun . June 12, 2020 . Two Years After Trump-Kim Meeting, Little to Show for Personal Diplomacy . October 5, 2021 . The New York Times.
205. News: Tanner . Jari . Lee . Matthew . Matt Lee (journalist) . October 5, 2019 . North Korea Says Nuclear Talks Break Down While U.S. Says They Were 'Good' . July 21, 2021 . AP News.
206. News: Trump White House Has Highest Turnover in 40 Years . Trimble . Megan . December 28, 2017 . . March 16, 2018.
207. News: AP: Trump admin sets record for White House turnover . . July 2, 2018 . July 3, 2018 . Wise . Justin.
208. News: Trump White House sets turnover records, analysis shows . . July 2, 2018 . July 3, 2018 . Associated Press.
209. News: White House Staff Turnover Was Already Record-Setting. Then More Advisers Left . Keith . Tamara . Tamara Keith . . March 7, 2018 . March 16, 2018.
210. News: Kathryn Dunn . Tenpas . Tracking Turnover in the Trump Administration . March 16, 2018 . . March 16, 2018.
211. News: Cillizza . Chris . Chris Cillizza . Donald Trump makes terrible hires, according to Donald Trump . June 24, 2020 . . June 19, 2020.
212. News: Keith . Tamara . Tamara Keith . March 6, 2020 . October 5, 2021 . Mick Mulvaney Out, Mark Meadows in As White House Chief Of Staff . .
213. Stanek . Becca . May 11, 2017 . President Trump just completely contradicted the official White House account of the Comey firing . . May 11, 2017.
214. News: Schmidt . Michael S. . Michael S. Schmidt . Apuzzo . Matt . Matt Apuzzo . June 7, 2017 . Comey Says Trump Pressured Him to 'Lift the Cloud' of Inquiry . . November 2, 2021 . limited.
215. News: The Incredibly And Historically Unstable First Year Of Trump's Cabinet . Jones-Rooy . Andrea . November 29, 2017 . . March 16, 2018.
216. News: Trump Leaves Top Administration Positions Unfilled, Says Hollow Government By Design . Keith . Tamara . Tamara Keith . October 12, 2017 . . March 16, 2018.
217. News: . January 8, 2019 . October 6, 2021 . Tracking how many key positions Trump has filled so far . limited.
218. Web site: Gramlich . John . How Trump compares with other recent presidents in appointing federal judges . . January 13, 2021 . May 30, 2021.
219. Web site: Judgeship Appointments by President . United States Courts . January 16, 2026.
220. News: . Trump's legacy is now the Supreme Court . Anita . Kumar . September 26, 2020.
221. News: . Trump's Lasting Legacy: Conservative Supermajority on Supreme Court . Masood . Farivar . December 24, 2020 . December 21, 2023.
222. News: Nine Black Robes: Inside the Supreme Court's Drive to the Right and Its Historic Consequences . Joan . Biskupic . Joan Biskupic . June 2, 2023 . . December 21, 2023.
223. . Trump takes credit for Dobbs decision but worries it 'won't help him in the future' . Grayson . Quay . June 25, 2022 . October 2, 2023.
224. News: . Trump: 'I was able to kill Roe v. Wade' . Sahil . Kapur . May 17, 2023 . December 21, 2023.
225. News: Abby . Phillip . Abby Phillip . Robert . Barnes . Ed . O'Keefe . Ed O'Keefe . Supreme Court nominee Gorsuch says Trump's attacks on judiciary are 'demoralizing' . . February 8, 2017 . October 6, 2021.
226. News: Katie . Shepherd . Trump 'violates all recognized democratic norms,' federal judge says in biting speech on judicial independence . . November 8, 2019 . October 6, 2021 . limited.
227. News: How Trump let the U.S. fall behind the curve on coronavirus threat . . April 19, 2020 . November 27, 2024 . David S. . Cloud . Paul . Pringle . Paul Pringle . Eli . Stokols . Eli Stokols.
228. News: Trump creates task force to lead U.S. coronavirus response . . January 30, 2020 . October 10, 2020.
229. News: Hulse . Carl . Carl Hulse . Cochrane . Emily . As Coronavirus Spread, Largest Stimulus in History United a Polarized Senate . . March 26, 2020 . November 27, 2024 . limited.
230. News: Taylor . Andrew . Fram . Alan . Kellman . Laurie . Superville . Darlene . Trump signs $2.2T stimulus after swift congressional votes . . March 28, 2020 . November 27, 2024.
231. News: Ollstein . Alice Miranda . Trump halts funding to World Health Organization . September 7, 2020 . . April 14, 2020.
232. News: Shear . Michael D. . Michael D. Shear . Mervosh . Sarah . Trump Encourages Protest Against Governors Who Have Imposed Virus Restrictions . April 17, 2020 . . April 19, 2020.
233. News: CDC was pressured 'from the top down' to change coronavirus testing guidance, official says . August 26, 2020 . . Nick . Valencia . Sara . Murray . Sara Murray (journalist) . Kristen . Holmes . August 26, 2020.
234. News: FDA pulls emergency approval for antimalarial drugs touted by Trump as covid-19 treatment . . June 15, 2020 . October 7, 2021 . Laurie . McGinley . Carolyn Y. . Johnson . limited.
235. News: Trump Pressed for Plasma Therapy. Officials Worry, Is an Unvetted Vaccine Next? . September 12, 2020 . . Sharon . LaFraniere . Sharon LaFraniere . Noah . Weiland . Michael D. . Shear . Michael D. Shear . September 13, 2020 . limited.
236. News: Weiland . Noah . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . Mazzetti . Mark . Mark Mazzetti . Karni . Annie . Annie Karni . February 11, 2021 . Trump Was Sicker Than Acknowledged With Covid-19 . . February 16, 2021.
237. News: Woodward . Calvin . Pace . Julie . December 16, 2018 . Scope of investigations into Trump has shaped his presidency . December 19, 2018 . AP News.
238. News: Buchanan . Larry . Yourish . Karen . September 25, 2019 . Tracking 30 Investigations Related to Trump . October 4, 2020 . . limited.
239. News: Apuzzo . Matt . Matt Apuzzo . Goldman . Adam . Adam Goldman . Fandos . Nicholas . Nicholas Fandos . May 16, 2018 . Code Name Crossfire Hurricane: The Secret Origins of the Trump Investigation . limited . December 21, 2023 . The New York Times.
240. News: Dilanian . Ken . September 7, 2020 . FBI agent who helped launch Russia investigation says Trump was 'compromised' . December 21, 2023 . NBC News.
241. News: Rosenberg . Matthew . Matthew Rosenberg . July 6, 2017 . Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don't Need to Agree . October 7, 2021 . . limited.
242. News: Sanger . David E. . David E. Sanger . January 6, 2017 . Putin Ordered 'Influence Campaign' Aimed at U.S. Election, Report Says . October 4, 2021 . . limited.
243. News: Pearson . Nick . May 17, 2018 . Crossfire Hurricane: Trump Russia investigation started with Alexander Downer interview . December 21, 2023 . Nine News.
244. News: Schmidt . Michael S. . Michael S. Schmidt . August 30, 2020 . Justice Dept. Never Fully Examined Trump's Ties to Russia, Ex-Officials Say . limited . October 8, 2021 . The New York Times.
245. News: May 27, 2020 . Rosenstein to testify in Senate on Trump-Russia probe . October 19, 2021 . . limited.
246. News: Breuninger . Kevin . March 22, 2019 . Mueller probe ends: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr . March 22, 2019 . CNBC.
247. News: January 16, 2012 . Main points of Mueller report . https://web.archive.org/web/20190420143436/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/main-points-mueller-report-doc-1fr5vv1 . April 20, 2019 . April 20, 2019 . Agence France-Presse.
248. News: Mazzetti . Mark . Mark Mazzetti . July 24, 2019 . Mueller Warns of Russian Sabotage and Rejects Trump's 'Witch Hunt' Claims . March 4, 2020 . . limited.
249. News: Bump . Philip . May 30, 2019 . Trump briefly acknowledges that Russia aided his election – and falsely says he didn't help the effort . March 5, 2020 . . limited.
250. News: Polantz . Katelyn . Kaufman . Ellie . Murray . Sara . June 19, 2020 . Mueller raised possibility Trump lied to him, newly unsealed report reveals . October 30, 2022 . CNN.
251. News: Ostriker . Rebecca . Puzzanghera . Jim . Finucane . Martin . Datar . Saurabh . Uraizee . Irfan . Garvin . Patrick . April 18, 2019 . What the Mueller report says about Trump and more . April 22, 2019 . The Boston Globe.
252. Law . Tara . April 18, 2019 . Here Are the Biggest Takeaways From the Mueller Report . April 22, 2019 . Time.
253. News: Yen . Hope . Woodward . Calvin . July 24, 2019 . AP Fact Check: Trump falsely claims Mueller exonerated him . October 8, 2021 . AP News.
254. News: Barrett . Devlin . Zapotosky . Matt . April 17, 2019 . Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president . April 20, 2019 . . limited.
255. News: Farley . Robert . Robertson . Lori . Gore . D'Angelo . Spencer . Saranac Hale . Fichera . Angelo . McDonald . Jessica . April 18, 2019 . What the Mueller Report Says About Obstruction . April 22, 2019 . FactCheck.org.
256. News: Mascaro . Lisa . April 18, 2019 . Mueller drops obstruction dilemma on Congress . April 20, 2019 . AP News.
257. News: Bump . Philip . Trump wanted Russia's main geopolitical adversary to help undermine the Russian interference story . October 1, 2019 . . September 25, 2019 . limited.
258. News: Document: Read the Whistle-Blower Complaint . September 24, 2019 . . October 2, 2019 . limited.
259. News: Gregorian . Dareh . Trump impeached by the House for abuse of power, obstruction of Congress . December 18, 2019 . . December 18, 2019.
260. News: . February 5, 2020 . Trump acquitted of both charges in Senate impeachment trial . Wilkie . Christina . Breuninger . Kevin . February 2, 2021.
261. News: Fandos . Nicholas . Nicholas Fandos . Trump Impeached for Inciting Insurrection . . January 14, 2021 . January 13, 2021 . limited.
262. News: Levine . Sam . Gambino . Lauren . February 13, 2021 . Donald Trump acquitted in impeachment trial . . February 13, 2021.
263. News: Morehouse . Lee . January 31, 2017 . Trump breaks precedent, files as candidate for re-election on first day . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202210255/https://www.azfamily.com/story/34380443/trump-breaks-precedent-files-on-first-day-as-candidate-for-re-election . February 2, 2017 . February 19, 2017 . KTVK.
264. News: Graham . David A. . February 15, 2017 . Trump Kicks Off His 2020 Reelection Campaign on Saturday . February 19, 2017 . The Atlantic.
265. News: Martin . Jonathan . Jonathan Martin (journalist) . Burns . Alexander . Alex Burns (journalist) . Karni . Annie . Annie Karni . August 24, 2020 . Nominating Trump, Republicans Rewrite His Record . August 25, 2020 . The New York Times.
266. News: Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . Corasaniti . Nick . Karni . Annie . Annie Karni . July 21, 2020 . As Trump Pushes into Portland, His Campaign Ads Turn Darker . July 25, 2020 . . limited.
267. News: Kumar . Anita . August 8, 2020 . Trump aides exploring executive actions to curb voting by mail . August 15, 2020 . Politico.
268. News: Saul . Stephanie . Stephanie Saul . Epstein . Reid J. . August 31, 2020 . Trump Is Pushing a False Argument on Vote-by-Mail Fraud. Here Are the Facts. . October 8, 2021 . . limited.
269. News: Sonmez . Felicia . Felicia Sonmez . July 19, 2020 . Trump declines to say whether he will accept November election results . October 8, 2021 . . limited.
270. News: Browne . Ryan . Starr . Barbara . Barbara Starr . September 25, 2020 . As Trump refuses to commit to a peaceful transition, Pentagon stresses it will play no role in the election . October 8, 2021 . CNN.
271. News: December 11, 2020 . Presidential Election Results: Biden Wins . December 11, 2020 . . limited.
272. News: December 10, 2020 . 2020 US Presidential Election Results: Live Map . December 11, 2020 . ABC News.
273. News: Holder . Josh . Gabriel . Trip . Trip Gabriel . Paz . Isabella Grullón . December 14, 2020 . Biden's 306 Electoral College Votes Make His Victory Official . October 9, 2021 . . limited.
274. News: November 4, 2020 . With results from key states unclear, Trump declares victory . November 10, 2020 . Reuters.
275. News: King . Ledyard . November 7, 2020 . Trump revives baseless claims of election fraud after Biden wins presidential race . November 7, 2020 . USA Today.
276. News: Helderman . Rosalind S. . Rosalind S. Helderman . Viebeck . Elise . December 12, 2020 . 'The last wall': How dozens of judges across the political spectrum rejected Trump's efforts to overturn the election . October 9, 2021 . . limited.
277. News: Blake . Aaron . December 14, 2020 . The most remarkable rebukes of Trump's legal case: From the judges he hand-picked . October 9, 2021 . . limited.
278. News: Woodward . Calvin . November 16, 2020 . AP Fact Check: Trump conclusively lost, denies the evidence . November 17, 2020 . AP News.
279. News: Liptak . Adam . Adam Liptak . December 11, 2020 . Supreme Court Rejects Texas Suit Seeking to Subvert Election . October 9, 2021 . . limited.
280. News: Gardner . Amy . January 3, 2021 . 'I just want to find 11,780 votes': In extraordinary hour-long call, Trump pressures Georgia secretary of state to recalculate the vote in his favor . January 20, 2021 . . limited.
281. News: Kumar . Anita . Orr . Gabby . McGraw . Meridith . December 21, 2020 . Inside Trump's pressure campaign to overturn the election . December 22, 2020 . Politico.
282. News: Cohen . Marshall . November 5, 2021 . Timeline of the coup: How Trump tried to weaponize the Justice Department to overturn the 2020 election . November 6, 2021 . CNN.
283. News: Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . Karni . Annie . Annie Karni . January 5, 2021 . Pence Said to Have Told Trump that he Lacks Power to Change Election Result . January 7, 2021 . . limited.
284. News: Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . January 20, 2021 . Trump Departs Vowing, 'We Will Be Back in Some Form' . January 25, 2021 . . limited.
285. News: Savage . Charlie . Charlie Savage (journalist) . January 10, 2021 . Incitement to Riot? What Trump Told Supporters Before Mob Stormed Capitol . January 11, 2021 . . limited.
286. News: Tan . Shelley . Shin . Youjin . Rindler . Danielle . January 9, 2021 . How one of America's ugliest days unraveled inside and outside the Capitol . May 2, 2021 . . limited.
287. News: Rubin . Olivia . Mallin . Alexander . Steakin . Will . January 4, 2022 . By the numbers: How the Jan. 6 investigation is shaping up 1 year later . June 4, 2023 . ABC News.
288. News: Cameron . Chris . January 5, 2022 . These Are the People Who Died in Connection With the Capitol Riot . January 29, 2022 . . limited.
289. News: Gregorian . Dareh . Gibson . Ginger . Kapur . Sahil . Helsel . Phil . January 6, 2021 . Congress confirms Biden's win after pro-Trump mob's assault on Capitol . January 8, 2021 . NBC News.
290. News: Wolfe . Jan . January 27, 2021 . Explainer: Why Trump's post-presidency perks, like a pension and office, are safe for the rest of his life . February 2, 2021 . . limited.
291. Solender . Andrew . May 3, 2021 . Trump Says He'll Appropriate 'The Big Lie' To Refer To His Election Loss . October 10, 2021 . Forbes.
292. News: Wolf . Zachary B. . May 19, 2021 . The 5 key elements of Trump's Big Lie and how it came to be . October 10, 2021 . CNN.
293. News: Balz . Dan . Dan Balz . May 29, 2021 . The GOP push to revisit 2020 has worrisome implications for future elections . June 18, 2021 . . limited.
294. News: Izaguirre . Anthony . Coronado . Acacia . January 31, 2021 . GOP lawmakers seek tougher voting rules after record turnout . January 17, 2023 . AP News.
295. News: McCaskill . Nolan D. . March 15, 2021 . After Trump's loss and false fraud claims, GOP eyes voter restrictions across nation . January 17, 2023 . Politico.
296. News: Bender . Michael C. . Michael C. Bender . Epstein . Reid J. . July 20, 2022 . Trump Recently Urged a Powerful Legislator to Overturn His 2020 Defeat in Wisconsin . August 13, 2022 . The New York Times.
297. News: Goldmacher . Shane . April 17, 2022 . Mar-a-Lago Machine: Trump as a Modern-Day Party Boss . July 31, 2022 . . limited.
298. News: Paybarah . Azi . Azi Paybarah . August 2, 2022 . Where Trump's Endorsement Record Stands Halfway through Primary Season . August 3, 2022 . . limited.
299. News: Bhuyian . Johana . February 21, 2022 . Donald Trump's social media app launches on Apple store . May 7, 2023 . The Guardian.
300. News: Harwell . Drew . Drew Harwell . March 26, 2024 . Trump Media soars in first day of public tradings . March 28, 2024 . . limited.
301. News: Ransom . Jan . November 4, 2019 . E. Jean Carroll, Who Accused Trump of Rape, Sues Him for Defamation . January 24, 2024 . . limited.
302. News: Weiser . Benjamin . November 17, 2022 . Writer Who Accused Trump of Rape to File New Defamation Lawsuit . January 24, 2025 . . limited.
303. News: Sullivan . Becky . Bernstein . Andrea . Marritz . Ilya . Lawrence . Quil . May 9, 2023 . A jury finds Trump liable for battery and defamation in E. Jean Carroll trial . May 10, 2023 . NPR News.
304. News: Offenhartz . Jake . Appeals court upholds E. Jean Carroll's $83.3M defamation judgment against Trump . . September 8, 2025 . September 11, 2025.
305. News: Neumeister . Larry . Sisak . Michael R. . December 30, 2024 . An appeals court upholds a $5 million award in a sexual abuse verdict against President-elect Trump . December 31, 2024 . AP News.
306. News: Scannell . Kara . September 21, 2022 . New York attorney general files civil fraud lawsuit against Trump, some of his children and his business . September 21, 2022 . CNN.
307. News: Bromwich . Jonah E. . Protess . Ben . February 17, 2024 . Trump Fraud Trial Penalty Will Exceed $450 Million . February 17, 2024 . . limited.
308. News: Bromwich . Jonah E. . Protess . Ben . Divided Court Eliminates Trump's Half-Billion-Dollar Fine in Fraud Case . . August 21, 2025 . August 26, 2025 . limited.
309. News: Feuer . Alan . December 19, 2022 . It's Unclear Whether the Justice Dept. Will Take Up the Jan. 6 Panel's Charges . March 25, 2023 . . limited.
310. News: Lowell . Hugo . Wicker . Jewel . August 15, 2023 . Donald Trump and allies indicted in Georgia over bid to reverse 2020 election loss . December 22, 2023 . The Guardian.
311. News: Drenon . Brandon . August 25, 2023 . What are the charges in Trump's Georgia indictment? . December 22, 2023 . BBC News.
312. News: Fausset . Richard . Hakim . Danny . Judge Dismisses Georgia Election Interference Case Against Trump . . November 26, 2025 . November 26, 2025 . limited.
313. News: Lybrand . Holmes . Cohen . Marshall . Rabinowitz . Hannah . August 12, 2022 . Timeline: The Justice Department criminal inquiry into Trump taking classified documents to Mar-a-Lago . August 14, 2022 . CNN.
314. News: Barrett . Devlin . Dawsey . Josh . Josh Dawsey . August 12, 2022 . Agents at Trump's Mar-a-Lago seized 11 sets of classified documents, court filing shows . August 12, 2022 . . limited.
315. News: Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . Thrush . Glenn . Glenn Thrush . Savage . Charlie . Charlie Savage (journalist) . August 12, 2022 . Files Seized From Trump Are Part of Espionage Act Inquiry . August 13, 2022 . . limited.
316. News: Barrett . Devlin . Dawsey . Josh . Josh Dawsey . Stein . Perry . Alemany . Jacqueline . Jacqueline Alemany . June 9, 2023 . Trump Put National Secrets at Risk, Prosecutors Say in Historic Indictment . June 10, 2023 . . limited.
317. News: Schonfeld . Zach . July 28, 2023 . 5 revelations from new Trump charges . August 4, 2023 . The Hill.
318. News: Greve . Joan E. . Lowell . Hugo . June 14, 2023 . Trump pleads not guilty to 37 federal criminal counts in Mar-a-Lago case . June 14, 2023 . The Guardian.
319. News: Tucker . Eric . July 15, 2024 . Federal judge dismisses Trump classified documents case over concerns with prosecutor's appointment . July 15, 2024 . AP News.
320. News: Stein . Perry . Hsu . Spencer S. . November 25, 2024 . With D.C. case dismissed, Trump is no longer under federal indictment . November 26, 2024 . . limited.
321. News: Protess . Ben . Bromwich . Jonah E. . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . Christobek . Kate . McKinley . Jesse . Jesse McKinley . Rashbaum . William K. . May 30, 2024 . Trump Convicted on All Counts to Become America's First Felon President . January 22, 2024 . . limited.
322. News: Bump . Philip . August 21, 2018 . How the campaign finance charges against Michael Cohen implicate Trump . July 25, 2019 . . limited.
323. News: Hawkins . Derek . Jacobs . Shayna . Berman . Mark . January 10, 2025 . What Trump's unconditional discharge sentence means in the hush money case . January 11, 2025 . . limited.
324. News: Arnsdorf . Isaac . Scherer . Michael . Michael Scherer (journalist) . November 15, 2022 . Trump, who as president fomented an insurrection, says he is running again . December 5, 2022 . . limited.
325. News: Schouten . Fredreka . November 16, 2022 . Questions about Donald Trump's campaign money, answered . December 5, 2022 . CNN.
326. News: Goldmacher . Shane . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . June 25, 2023 . As Legal Fees Mount, Trump Steers Donations Into PAC That Has Covered Them . June 25, 2023 . . limited.
327. News: Escobar . Molly Cook . Sun . Albert . Goldmacher . Shane . March 27, 2024 . How Trump Moved Money to Pay $100 Million in Legal Bills . April 3, 2024 . . limited.
328. • News: Bender . Michael C. . Michael C. Bender . Gold . Michael . November 20, 2023 . Trump's Dire Words Raise New Fears About His Authoritarian Bent . . limited.
     • News: Stone . Peter . November 22, 2023 . 'Openly authoritarian campaign': Trump's threats of revenge fuel alarm . The Guardian.
     • News: Colvin . Jill . Barrow . Bill . December 7, 2023 . Trump's vow to only be a dictator on 'day one' follows growing worry over his authoritarian rhetoric . AP News.
     • News: LeVine . Marianne . November 12, 2023 . Trump calls political enemies 'vermin', echoing dictators Hitler, Mussolini . . limited.
329. News: Levine . Sam . November 10, 2023 . Trump suggests he would use FBI to go after political rivals if elected in 2024 . The Guardian.
330. News: Vazquez . Maegan . November 10, 2023 . Trump says on Univision he could weaponize FBI, DOJ against his enemies . . limited.
331. News: Stracqualursi . Veronica . October 14, 2024 . Trump suggests using military against 'enemy from within' on Election Day . CNN.
332. News: Lerer . Lisa . Gold . Michael . October 15, 2024 . Trump Escalates Threats to Political Opponents He Deems the 'Enemy' . . limited.
333. • News: Gold . Michael . Huynh . Anjali . April 2, 2024 . Trump Again Invokes 'Blood Bath' and Dehumanizes Migrants in Border Remarks . April 3, 2024 . . limited.
     • News: Savage . Charlie . Charlie Savage (journalist) . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . Swan . Jonathan . Jonathan Swan . November 11, 2023 . Sweeping Raids, Giant Camps and Mass Deportations: Inside Trump's 2025 Immigration Plans . . limited.
     • News: Layne . Nathan . Slattery . Gram . Reid . Tim . April 3, 2024 . Trump calls migrants 'animals', intensifying focus on illegal immigration . April 3, 2024 . . limited.
     • News: Philbrick . Ian Prasad . Bentahar . Lyna . December 5, 2023 . Donald Trump's 2024 Campaign, in His Own Menacing Words . May 10, 2024 . . limited.
334. • News: Trump campaign defends "vermin" speech amid fascist comparisons . . November 13, 2023 . Basu . Zachary . December 8, 2023.
     • News: Browning . Christopher R. . July 25, 2023 . A New Kind of Fascism . . December 8, 2023.
     • News: Trump compares political opponents to 'vermin' who he will 'root out', alarming historians . . November 13, 2023 . Kim . Soo Rin . Ibssa . Lalee . December 8, 2023.
     • News: Ward . Myah . October 12, 2024 . We watched 20 Trump rallies. His racist, anti-immigrant messaging is getting darker. . . October 12, 2024.
335. News: Donald Trump Has Never Sounded Like This . . April 27, 2024 . April 27, 2024 . Homans . Charles . limited.
336. News: Applebaum . Anne . Anne Applebaum . October 18, 2024 . Trump Is Speaking Like Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini . . October 18, 2024.
337. News: Baker . Peter . Peter Baker (journalist) . Freedman . Dylan . October 6, 2024 . Trump's Speeches, Increasingly Angry and Rambling, Reignite the Question of Age . November 6, 2024 . . limited.
338. News: Lane . Nathan . Ulmer . Alexandra . May 16, 2024 . Trump, allies are laying the groundwork to contest potential election loss . September 12, 2024 . . limited.
339. News: Yourish . Karen . Smart . Charlie . May 24, 2024 . Trump's Pattern of Sowing Election Doubt Intensifies in 2024 . August 30, 2024 . . limited.
340. News: Browne . Malachy . Lum . Devon . Cardia . Alexander . July 26, 2024 . Speculation Swirls About What Hit Trump. An Analysis Suggests It was a Bullet . July 29, 2024 . . limited.
341. News: Hutchinson . Bill . Cohen . Miles . July 16, 2024 . Gunman opened fire at Trump rally as witnesses say they tried to alert police . July 17, 2024 . ABC News.
342. News: July 14, 2024 . AP Photos: Shooting at Trump rally in Pennsylvania . July 23, 2024 . AP News.
343. News: Astor . Maggie . July 15, 2024 . What to Know About J.D. Vance, Trump's Running Mate . July 15, 2024 . . limited.
344. News: Debusmann . Bernd Jr . Yousif . Nadine . September 23, 2024 . Suspect described Trump 'assassination attempt' in pre-written note . November 21, 2024 . BBC News.
345. News: 2024 Presidential Election Results . November 25, 2024 . November 25, 2024 . AP News.
346. Web site: 2024 Presidential Election Results . . January 16, 2025 . January 16, 2025.
347. News: The Progressive Moment in Global Politics is Over . December 27, 2024 . December 27, 2024 . Bertrand . Benoit . David . Luhnow . Vipal . Monga . . subscription.
348. News: Burn-Murdoch . John . December 29, 2024 . What the 'year of democracy' taught us, in 6 charts . December 30, 2024 . . The billions who voted in 2024 sent an angry message to incumbents, and warmed to populists on left and right.
349. News: Sheerin . Jude . Murphy . Matt . November 6, 2024 . Trump pulls off historic White House comeback . November 9, 2024 . BBC News.
350. News: Miller . Zeke . Zeke Miller . Price . Michelle L. . Weissert . Will . Colvin . Jill . November 6, 2024 . Trump wins the White House in political comeback rooted in appeals to frustrated voters . November 9, 2024 . AP News.
351. News: Bump . Philip . June 18, 2024 . Trump has unveiled an agenda of his own. He just doesn't mention it much . June 26, 2024 . The Washington Post.
352. News: Garcia-Navarro . Lulu . Inside the Heritage Foundation's Plans for 'Institutionalizing Trumpism' . . January 21, 2024 . June 23, 2024.
353. News: Contorno . Steve . Trump claims not to know who is behind Project 2025. A CNN review found at least 140 people who worked for him are involved . July 11, 2024 . . July 11, 2024.
354. Web site: Prokop . Andrew . July 13, 2024 . Project 2025: The myths and the facts . July 17, 2024 . Vox.
355. News: Alfonseca . Kiara . Faulders . Katherine . How Trump has infused parts of Project 2025 into his administration . February 4, 2025 . . December 9, 2024.
356. Popli . Nik . January 24, 2025 . Trump's Early Actions Mirror Project 2025 . January 25, 2025 . Time.
357. News: Morgan . David . Borter . Gabriella . Mason . Jeff . Ax . Joseph . January 20, 2025 . Trump sworn in a second time, says he was 'saved by God' to rescue America . January 20, 2025 . . limited.
358. News: Hussein . Mohamed H. . January 20, 2025 . How does Trump's age at inauguration compare with other presidents? . . January 20, 2025.
359. News: Ogwude . Haadiza . Page . Susan . January 20, 2025 . Is Donald Trump the oldest president sworn into office? A look at his historic feats . . January 20, 2025.
360. News: How Trump Is Trying to Consolidate Power Over Courts, Congress and More . Erica L. . Green . Zolan . Kanno-Youngs . Zolan Kanno-Youngs . Maggie . Haberman . Maggie Haberman . . March 20, 2025 . March 20, 2025 . limited.
361. News: Doan . Laura . Ingram . Julia . Trump issues record 100th executive order within first 100 days of term. Here's a breakdown. . . March 26, 2025 . November 8, 2025.
362. Web site: January 12, 2026 . Litigation Tracker: Legal Challenges to Trump Administration Actions . January 13, 2026 . Just Security.
363. Multiple sources:
     • News: Parker . Ned . Spector . Mike . Eisler . Peter . So . Linda . Raymond . Nate . These judges ruled against Trump. Then their families came under attack. . August 9, 2025 . . May 2, 2025.
     • News: Blake . Aaron . It's not just 'leftist' judges. GOP appointees have many sharp words for Trump. . August 9, 2025 . . April 24, 2025.
     • News: The Editorial Board . 'Egregious'. 'Brazen'. 'Lawless'. How 48 Judges Describe Trump's Actions, in Their Own Words . . July 9, 2025 . August 9, 2025.
364. News: Riccardi . Nicholas . March 16, 2025 . Trump administration ramps up rhetoric targeting the courts amid mounting legal setbacks . . March 20, 2025.
365. News: Jouvenal . Justin . July 21, 2025 . Trump officials accused of defying 1 in 3 judges who ruled against him . . limited . August 1, 2025.
366. News: Savage . Charlie . Charlie Savage (journalist) . July 3, 2025 . Trump Claims Sweeping Power to Nullify Laws, Letters on TikTok Ban Show . . subscription . August 23, 2025 .
367. Lucas . Ryan . March 19, 2025 . Experts say Trump's targeting of law firms is unprecedented . . . April 13, 2025.
368. News: Scarcella . Mike . Merken . Sara . Sloan . Karen . March 21, 2025 . Law firm Paul Weiss defends deal with Trump as lawyers sound alarm . . April 13, 2025 . limited.
369. News: Yourish . Karen . Lipton . Eric . Eric Lipton . Gamio . Lazaro . January 17, 2025 . An Illustrated Guide to Trump's Conflict of Interest Risks . . limited.
370. News: Schouten . Fredreka . January 8, 2025 . Gold-plated watches and electoral map sneakers: Trump's newest merchandise raises conflict of interest questions . January 18, 2025 . CNN.
371. News: Lipton . Eric . Eric Lipton . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . February 17, 2025 . With Congress Pliant, an Emboldened Trump Pushes His Business Interests . . limited.
372. News: Savage . Charlie . Charlie Savage (journalist) . May 12, 2025 . Trump's Plan to Take Jet From Qatar Heightens Corruption Concerns . subscription . May 18, 2025 . The New York Times.
373. News: Stringer . Connor . Lawford . Melissa . May 18, 2025 . 'It's open season for corruption': How Trump turned the White House into a cash cow . May 18, 2025 . The Daily Telegraph.
374. News: Trump Media launches FinTech services brand amid crypto boom . January 29, 2025 . . limited.
375. News: Schouten . Fredreka . January 23, 2025 . 'The gloves are off': Trump appears poised to cash in from his presidency in new ways . .
376. News: Weissert . Will . January 22, 2025 . Trump has canceled Biden's ethics rules. Critics call it the opposite of 'drain the swamp' . AP News.
377. News: Suderman . Alan . Trump promotes new meme coin before taking office on pro-crypto agenda . . January 19, 2025 . May 10, 2025.
378. News: Lipton . Eric . Eric Lipton . Yaffe-Ballany . David . Protess . Ben . April 29, 2025 . Secret Deals, Foreign Investments, Presidential Policy Changes: The Rise of Trump's Crypto Firm . . limited.
379. News: Davies . Emily . On Day 4 of President Trump, telework is on the chopping block . . January 23, 2025 . February 5, 2025 . limited.
380. News: Green . Erica L. . Robertson . Campbell . Scheiber . Noam . Noam Scheiber . Trump's Moves to Upend Federal Bureaucracy Touch Off Fear and Confusion . . January 25, 2025 . January 28, 2025 . limited.
381. News: Doyle . Michael . Trump plan to upend civil service advances under new name . . January 27, 2025 . January 28, 2025.
382. News: Shalal . Andrea . Spetalnick . Matt . Trump accelerates campaign to remake federal bureaucracy . . January 23, 2025 . January 28, 2025 . limited.
383. News: Collinson . Stephen . January 28, 2025 . Trump sets about his retribution agenda with relish . . January 28, 2025.
384. News: Savage . Charlie . Charlie Savage (journalist) . January 27, 2025 . Fired Inspectors General Raise Alarms as Trump Administration Moves to Finalize Purge . . January 28, 2025 . limited.
385. News: Basu . Zachary . Lawler . Dave . Trump's bureaucracy goes to war . . January 27, 2025 . January 28, 2025.
386. News: DOGE continues to hollow federal workforce after already firing more than 30,000 . February 28, 2025 . Desjardins . Lisa . Lisa Desjardins . PBS Newshour.
387. News: Reid . Tim . Trump's rapid changes in US government stun federal workers . . January 24, 2025 . January 28, 2025 . limited.
388. News: Mark . Julian . Telford . Taylor . Svrluga . Susan . In first days, Trump deals 'death blow' to DEI and affirmative action . . January 23, 2025 . limited.
389. News: Brownstein . Ronald . Ron Brownstein . March 20, 2025 . Trump's moves to hollow out government could be difficult to undo . . April 3, 2025.
390. News: Pager . Tyler . March 15, 2025 . Trump Orders Gutting of 7 Agencies, Including Voice of America's Parent . . April 3, 2025 . limited.
391. News: Trump and Musk move to dismantle USAID, igniting battle with Democratic lawmakers . February 3, 2025 . February 5, 2025 . Ellen . Knickmeyer . Farnoush . Amiri . Adriana . Gomez Licon . AP News.
392. News: Vogel . Kenneth P. . Kenneth P. Vogel . Goldmacher . Shane . March 19, 2025 . With Orders, Investigations and Innuendo, Trump and G.O.P. Aim to Cripple the Left . . March 20, 2025 . limited.
393. News: Cooper . Jonathan J. . September 6, 2025 . How Donald Trump is weaponizing the government to settle personal scores and pursue his agenda . . September 7, 2025.
394. News: Savage . Charlie . Charlie Savage (journalist) . April 30, 2025 . Trump's Maximalist Assertion of Presidential Power Tests the Rule of Law . . May 4, 2025 . limited.
395. News: Riccardi . Nicholas . March 1, 2025 . Trump's moves test the limits of presidential power and the resilience of US democracy . . April 13, 2025.
396. News: Leingang . Rachel . Noor . Dharna . April 10, 2025 . Fear spreads as Trump targets lawyers and non-profits in 'authoritarian' takedown . . April 13, 2025.
397. News: Mascaro . Lisa . US democratic backsliding under Trump encourages autocrats globally, democracy watchdog says . . April 18, 2025 . November 20, 2025 . limited.
398. News: Lotz . Avery . May 28, 2025 . Trump pardons criminals with MAGA credentials or big money . . May 31, 2025.
399. News: Thrush . Glenn . Glenn Thrush . May 29, 2025 . Trump's Flurry of Pardons Signals a Wholesale Effort to Redefine Crime . . limited . May 31, 2025.
400. News: Reilly . Ryan J. . Trump pardons roughly 1,500 criminal defendants charged in the Jan. 6 Capitol attack . . January 21, 2025 . January 23, 2025.
401. News: The Jan. 6 attack: The cases behind the biggest criminal investigation in U.S. history . . March 14, 2025 . April 14, 2025.
402. News: Plumer . Brad . Friedman . Lisa . April 11, 2025 . Trump's New Way to Kill Regulations: Because I Say So . . limited . August 23, 2025.
403. News: Joselow . Maxine . Natanson . Hannah . Duncan . Ian . May 18, 2025 . Trump orders the government to stop enforcing rules he doesn't like . . limited . August 23, 2025.
404. • News: Aspan . Maria . August 14, 2025 . Trump is tightening the screws on corporate America — and CEOs are staying mum . . August 24, 2025.
     • News: Morrow . Allison . Mattingly . Phil . August 20, 2025 . Corporate America is silent as Trump abandons free-market principles . . August 24, 2025.
     • News: Wile . Rob . August 22, 2025 . U.S. takes 10% stake in Intel as Trump flexes more power over big business . . August 24, 2025 . Trump continues to bulldoze through long-held norms regarding government and business, departing from the free-market ethos that has long prevailed in both major U.S. political parties..
     • News: Sutton . Sam . Guida . Victoria . August 22, 2025 . Trump is turning the government into an investment firm . . August 24, 2025.
405. News: Johnson . Keith . Lu . Christina . July 16, 2025 . Trump Embraces State Capitalism . . subscription . August 24, 2025.
406. News: August 13, 2025 . Trump wants to command bosses like Xi does. He is failing . . subscription . August 24, 2025.
407. News: Morrow . Allison . August 13, 2025 . Trump is tightening his grip on the economy, taking a page from China . . August 24, 2025.
408. News: Casselman . Ben . Ben Casselman . March 31, 2025 . Trump's Science Policies Pose Long-Term Risk, Economists Warn . . limited . April 3, 2025.
409. News: Waldman . Annie . June 17, 2025 . Federal Judge Deems Trump Administration's Termination of NIH Grants Illegal . . August 16, 2025.
410. News: Fischler . Jacob . August 7, 2025 . Trump illegally froze 1,800 NIH medical research grants, Congress' watchdog says . . January 24, 2026.
411. News: Smith . Michelle R. . Ungar . Laura . October 21, 2025 . Anti-science bills hit statehouses, stripping away public health protections built over a century . . October 22, 2025.
412. News: Sun . Lena H. . Diamond . Dan . September 23, 2025 . Trump's escalating attacks on vaccines shock public health leaders . . October 22, 2025 . limited.
413. News: Yourish . Karen . Smart . Charlie . August 22, 2025 . How Trump Used 10 Emergency Declarations to Justify Hundreds of Actions . . August 23, 2025 . limited.
414. News: Elliott . Rebecca F. . Oil Companies Embrace Trump, but Not 'Drill, Baby, Drill' . . January 27, 2025 . February 16, 2025 . limited.
415. News: Brady . Jeff . Trump's energy emergency is a gift to fossil fuel firms. It's likely headed to court . . January 22, 2025 . February 16, 2025.
416. News: Daly . Matthew . Borenstein . Seth . January 20, 2025 . Trump signs executive order directing US withdrawal from the Paris climate agreement — again . January 23, 2025 . AP News.
417. News: Green . Erica L. . February 3, 2025 . As Trump Attacks Diversity, a Racist Undercurrent Surfaces . . February 4, 2025 . limited.
418. News: Green . Erica L. . Aleaziz . Hamed . January 22, 2025 . Federal Workers Ordered to Report on Colleagues Over D.E.I. Crackdown . . February 4, 2025 . limited.
419. News: Hurley . Lawrence . February 3, 2025 . Under Trump, conservatives reignite a battle over race and the Constitution . . February 4, 2025.
420. News: Trump's changes to the Smithsonian are the latest in his takeover of the arts . Blair . Elizabeth . Simon . Scott . Scott Simon . March 29, 2025 . NPR.
421. News: The Little-Known Bureaucrats Tearing Through American Universities . Whyte . Liz Essley . Belkin . Douglas . Randazzo . Sara . April 14, 2025 . . subscription.
422. News: Tucker . Eric . April 11, 2025 . Trump reaches deals with 5 law firms, allowing them to avoid prospect of punishing executive orders . AP News.
423. News: Broadwater . Luke . Luke Broadwater . June 11, 2025 . Suggesting More Troops in More Cities, Trump Bends Military's Role . . limited . September 6, 2025.
424. News: Kim . Juliana . Wise . Alana . Lonsdorf . Kat . September 6, 2025 . Trump threatens 'Apocalypse Now'-style action against Chicago to boost deportations . . September 6, 2025.
425. News: Neff . Cy . US to begin immediate removal of up to 1,000 trans military members . . May 9, 2025 . October 1, 2025.
426. News: Yourish . Karen . Daniel . Annie . Datar . Saurabh . White . Isaac . Gamio . Lazaro . These Words Are Disappearing in the New Trump Administration . September 10, 2025 . . March 7, 2025 . limited.
427. News: Hansford . Amelia . August 27, 2025 . US government orders 46 states to destroy trans education materials . September 1, 2025 . PinkNews.
428. News: Kurtzleben . Danielle . February 7, 2025 . Trump's executive actions curbing transgender rights focus on 'gender ideology' . February 16, 2025 . NPR News.
429. News: November 17, 2025 . Harmon . Amy . Amy Harmon . . New Passport Rule Sends Blunt and Sweeping Message to Trans Americans . November 19, 2025 . limited.
430. News: Freking . Kevin . Mascaro . Lisa . What's in the tax and spending bill that Trump has signed into law . . July 3, 2025 . July 12, 2025.
431. News: Romm . Tony . Duehren . Andrew . Sanger-Katz . Margot . Plumer . Brad . Wood . Daniel . Tax Cuts Now, Benefit Cuts Later: The Timeline in the Republican Megabill . . July 2, 2025 . July 12, 2025 . limited.
432. News: Bustillo . Ximena . Trump signs sweeping actions on immigration and border security on Day 1 . . January 20, 2025 . February 16, 2025.
433. News: Montoya-Galvez . Camilo . Trump's sweeping immigration crackdown targets some legal means to enter U.S., too . . January 28, 2025 . February 16, 2025.
434. News: Renteria . Nelson . O'Boyle . Brendan . Cortes . Raul . March 20, 2025 . Explainer: What is El Salvador's mega-prison holding Venezuelans deported from the US? . . April 12, 2025 . limited.
435. News: Kanno-Youngs . Zolan . Zolan Kanno-Youngs . Pager . Tyler . Aleaziz . Hamed . March 21, 2025 . As Trump Broadens Crackdown, Focus Expands to Legal Immigrants and Tourists . . March 29, 2025 . limited.
436. News: Danner . Chas . May 3, 2025 . All the U.S. Citizens Who've Been Caught Up in Trump's Immigration Crackdown . May 4, 2025 . New York.
437. News: Hesson . Ted . Cooke . Kristina . January 10, 2026 . Trump's showy immigration enforcement leads to violent confrontations . January 31, 2026 . Reuters.
438. News: Rao . Sonia A. . Mayorquín . Orlando . Schweber . Nate . Watkins . Rhianwen . Bonamo . Mark . January 30, 2026 . Protesters Denounce Trump Immigration Tactics in 'National Shutdown' . . January 31, 2026 . limited.
439. News: Colvin . Jill . Gillies . Rob . January 9, 2025 . Trump, the 'America First' candidate, has a new preoccupation: Imperialism . . January 28, 2025.
440. News: Erlanger . Steven . Steven Erlanger . January 7, 2026 . Europe and Rest of World Try to Come to Terms With Trump the Imperialist . . January 19, 2026 . limited.
441. News: Baker . Peter . Peter Baker (journalist) . February 2, 2025 . Trump Favors Blunt Force in Dealing With Foreign Allies and Enemies Alike . . September 7, 2025 . limited.
442. News: Hvistendahl . Mar . July 23, 2025 . China Flexes Muscles at U.N. Cultural Agency, Just as Trump Walks Away . . September 7, 2025 . limited.
443. News: Basu . Zachary . Lawler . Dave . July 17, 2025 . Trump's soft-power retreat scrambles U.S.-China race . . September 7, 2025.
444. News: Erlanger . Steven . Steven Erlanger . February 27, 2025 . Indifference or Hostility? Trump's View of European Allies Raises Alarm . . subscription . February 28, 2025 . Mr. Trump has rebuffed NATO and aligned himself with the longstanding, principal threat to the alliance: Russia..
445. News: Liptak . Kevin . Zeleny . Jeff . Jeff Zeleny . Maher . Kit . Collins . Kaitlan . Kaitlan Collins . February 28, 2025 . Trump and Vance erupt at Zelensky in tense Oval Office meeting . March 20, 2025 . CNN.
446. News: De Luce . Dan . March 1, 2025 . Trump-Zelenskyy clash marks a defining turn away from U.S. defense of democracies . March 27, 2025 . NBC News.
447. News: Trump wants Jordan and Egypt to accept more Palestinian refugees and floats plan to 'clean out' Gaza . . January 26, 2025 . December 26, 2025.
448. News: Magid . Jacob . US bombs Fordo, 2 other nuclear facilities, joining Israel's war in Iran . June 22, 2025 . . June 22, 2025.
449. News: Gazans trek to ruined homes as Israeli forces pull back under ceasefire . Lubell . Maayan . Al-Mughrabi . Nidal . . October 9, 2025 . October 9, 2025 . limited.
450. News: Sanger . David E. . David E. Sanger . February 28, 2026 . For Trump, the Iran Attack Is the Ultimate War of Choice . . subscription . February 28, 2026.
451. Web site: March 1, 2026 . Ayatollah Khamenei Death: Official Confirmation - Islamic Info Center . March 1, 2026 . Islamic Info Center.
452. News: Barnes . Julian E. . Bergman . Ronen . Ronen Bergman . Schmitt . Eric . Eric P. Schmitt . Pager . Tyler . March 1, 2026 . The C.I.A. Helped Pinpoint a Gathering of Iranian Leaders. Then Israel Struck. . March 1, 2026 . The New York Times.
453. News: Douglas . Jason . Fairless . Tom . March 24, 2025 . Trade War Explodes Across World at Pace Not Seen in Decades . March 25, 2025 . . subscription.
454. News: Swanson . Ana . Austen . Ian . Romero . Simon . Simon Romero . Trump's Tariffs on Canada, Mexico and China Snap Into Effect . . March 4, 2025 . March 4, 2025 . limited.
455. News: Goldman . David . August 1, 2025 . Trump's new tariffs have no precedent in the modern era . . August 8, 2025.
456. News: Romm . Tony . Staggering U.S. Tariffs Begin as Trump Widens Trade War . . August 7, 2025 . August 9, 2025 . limited.
457. News: Fritze . John . Cole . Devan . Buchwald . Elizabeth . Sneed . Tierney Sneed . Supreme Court rules that Trump's sweeping emergency tariffs are illegal . . February 20, 2026 . February 20, 2026.
458. News: Wong . Edward . Edward Wong . Pierson . David . July 11, 2025 . Rubio and China's Top Envoy Vie for Influence in Asia Over Trump's Tariffs . subscription . November 24, 2025 . The New York Times.
459. News: Boak . Josh . Burrows . Emma . Niemann . Daniel . January 17, 2026 . Trump says 8 European countries will face 10% tariff for opposing US control of Greenland . January 19, 2026 . AP News.
460. News: Woodward . Alex . September 3, 2025 . Trump's Venezuelan boat violated international law, experts warn . September 3, 2025 . The Independent.
461. News: Chávez . Steve . Stott . Michael . US naval build-up near Venezuela stokes tensions in Latin America . September 5, 2025 . . August 28, 2025. subscription.
462. News: Downs . Garrett . Trump admin pressed on pardon for ex-Honduras president after Venezuela's Maduro snatched . . January 4, 2026 . January 6, 2026.
463. News: Jakes . Lara . Tankersley . Jim . Kanno-Youngs . Zolan . Trump Says He Has Framework for Greenland Deal as NATO Mulls Idea of U.S. Sovereignty Over Bases . . January 21, 2026 . February 4, 2026.
464. News: Griffiths . Brent D. . November 13, 2024 . Trump's early Cabinet picks show how much he values loyalty in his second term . . February 23, 2025.
465. News: Slattery . Gram . Ulmer . Alexander . November 11, 2024 . As Trump staffs up for second term, only MAGA loyalists need apply . . February 23, 2025 . limited.
466. News: Picchi . Aimee . The White House says Elon Musk is a "special government employee." Here's what that means. . . February 4, 2025 . February 5, 2025.
467. News: Meet the Press – February 23, 2025 . February 23, 2025 . NBC News.
468. News: Elon Musk's Team Now Has Access to Treasury's Payments System . Andrew . Duehren . Maggie . Haberman . Maggie Haberman . Theodore . Schleifer . Alan . Rappeport . Alan Rappeport . February 1, 2025 . February 2, 2025 . . limited.
469. News: Nicole . Narea . Elon Musk's secretive government IT takeover, explained . February 5, 2025 . February 5, 2025 . Vox.
470. News: Weigel . David . August 20, 2016 . 'Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy . January 9, 2026 . The Washington Post.
471. News: Pearce . Matt . September 30, 2020 . Q&A: What is President Trump's relationship with far-right and white supremacist groups? . January 12, 2026 . Los Angeles Times.
472. News: Krieg . Gregory . August 25, 2016 . Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right'– What is it? . January 9, 2026 . CNN.
473. News: O'Brien . Timothy L. . Timothy L. O'Brien . The Peculiarly American Roots of Trumpism . . November 1, 2024 . November 26, 2024 . limited.
474. News: Chotiner . Isaac . Redefining Populism . . July 29, 2021 . October 14, 2021.
475. News: Savage . Charlie . Charlie Savage (journalist) . January 22, 2025 . Trump Seeks to Paralyze Independent Privacy and Civil Liberties Watchdog . . January 25, 2025.
476. News: Savage . Charlie . Charlie Savage (journalist) . January 22, 2025 . How Trump Is Pushing at Limits of Presidential Power in Early Orders . . January 28, 2025.
477. News: Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . September 11, 2024 . 'The End of Our Country': Trump Paints Dark Picture at Debate . . September 25, 2024 . limited.
478. News: May 18, 2024 . Jesus is their savior, Trump is their candidate. Ex-president's backers say he shares faith, values . January 9, 2026 . . Trump's rallies take on the symbols, rhetoric and agenda of Christian nationalism.
479. News: Baker . Peter . Peter Baker (journalist) . July 16, 2025 . For Trump, Domestic Adversaries Are Not Just Wrong, They Are 'Evil' . . subscription . January 9, 2026.
480. • News: Lopez . German . February 14, 2019 . Donald Trump's long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019 . June 15, 2019 . Vox.
     • News: Desjardins . Lisa . Lisa Desjardins . January 12, 2018 . Every moment in Trump's charged relationship with race . January 13, 2018 . PBS NewsHour.
     • News: Dawsey . Josh . Josh Dawsey . January 11, 2018 . Trump's history of making offensive comments about nonwhite immigrants . January 11, 2018 . . limited.
     • News: Weaver . Aubree Eliza . January 12, 2018 . Trump's 'shithole' comment denounced across the globe . January 13, 2018 . . .
     • News: Stoddard . Ed . Mfula . Chris . January 12, 2018 . Africa calls Trump racist after 'shithole' remark . October 1, 2019 . . limited.
481. News: Lopez . German . December 15, 2017 . The past year of research has made it very clear: Trump won because of racial resentment . January 14, 2018 . Vox.
482. News: Trump Defends One Of The Most Blatantly Racist Moments From His Past . . Ryan . Grenoble . September 11, 2024.
483. News: Diaz . Jaclyn . The Central Park 5 are suing Trump over Philly debate comments . . October 21, 2024 . November 27, 2024.
484. News: Kessler . Glenn . Glenn Kessler (journalist) . May 8, 2020 . The 'very fine people' at Charlottesville: Who were they? . October 23, 2021 . . limited.
485. News: Beauchamp . Zack . January 11, 2018 . Trump's "shithole countries" comment exposes the core of Trumpism . January 11, 2018 . Vox.
486. News: Wintour . Patrick . Patrick Wintour . Burke . Jason . Jason Burke . Livsey . Anna . January 13, 2018 . 'There's no other word but racist': Trump's global rebuke for 'shithole' remark . January 13, 2018 . The Guardian.
487. News: Mak . Tim . Tim Mak . July 16, 2019 . House Votes To Condemn Trump's 'Racist Comments' . July 17, 2019 . NPR News.
488. • News: Shear . Michael D. . Michael D. Shear . Aleaziz . Hamed . Ulloa . Jazmine . September 11, 2024 . How Trump Uses Vitriol for Migrants to Sideline Other Issues . July 27, 2025 . . limited.
     • News: Gold . Michael . Huynh . Anjali . April 2, 2024 . Trump Again Invokes 'Blood Bath' and Dehumanizes Migrants in Border Remarks . July 27, 2025 . . limited.
     • News: Sullivan . Kate . October 6, 2023 . Trump's anti-immigrant comments draw rebuke . July 27, 2025 . CNN.
     • News: Ward . Myah . October 12, 2024 . We watched 20 Trump rallies. His racist, anti-immigrant messaging is getting darker. . July 27, 2025 . Politico.
489. News: Leonnig . Carol D. . Carol D. Leonnig . Zapotosky . Matt . Dawsey . Josh . Josh Dawsey . Tan . Rebecca . Barr personally ordered removal of protesters near White House, leading to use of force against largely peaceful crowd . . June 2, 2020 . June 3, 2020 . limited.
490. News: Bump . Philip . June 2, 2020 . Timeline: The clearing of Lafayette Square . . June 6, 2020 . limited.
491. News: Gittleson . Ben . Phelps . Jordyn . Police use munitions to forcibly push back peaceful protesters for Trump church visit . June 29, 2021 . . June 3, 2020.
492. News: O'Neil . Luke . June 2, 2020 . What do we know about Trump's love for the Bible? . . June 11, 2020.
493. News: Stableford . Dylan . Wilson . Christopher . Religious leaders condemn teargassing protesters to clear street for Trump . June 8, 2020 . . June 3, 2020.
494. News: Shear . Michael D. . Michael D. Shear . Sullivan . Eileen . Eileen Sullivan . October 16, 2018 . 'Horseface,' 'Lowlife,' 'Fat, Ugly': How the President Demeans Women . August 5, 2020 . . limited.
495. News: Timm . Jane C. . Trump caught on hot mic making lewd comments about women in 2005 . . October 7, 2016 . June 10, 2018.
496. News: Pennington . Bill . Bill Pennington . What Exactly Is 'Locker-Room Talk'? Let an Expert Explain . . October 11, 2016 . December 14, 2024 . limited.
497. News: Fahrenthold . David . David Fahrenthold . Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005 . . December 14, 2024 . limited.
498. News: Donald Trump Apology Caps Day of Outrage Over Lewd Tape . October 7, 2016 . . October 8, 2016 . Burns . Alexander . Alex Burns (journalist) . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . Martin . Jonathan . Jonathan Martin (journalist) . limited.
499. News: Osborne . Lucy . September 17, 2020 . 'It felt like tentacles': the women who accuse Trump of sexual misconduct . June 6, 2024 . The Guardian.
500. News: Baker . Peter . Peter Baker (journalist) . September 16, 2024 . Trump, Outrage and the Modern Era of Political Violence . . January 20, 2025 . limited.
501. News: Baker . Peter . Peter Baker (journalist) . December 1, 2022 . Trump Embraces Extremism as He Seeks to Reclaim Office . . January 20, 2025.
502. News: Swenson . Ali . Kunzelman . Michael . November 18, 2023 . Fears of political violence are growing as the 2024 campaign heats up and conspiracy theories evolve . . January 20, 2025.
503. News: Kunzelman . Michael . Galvan . Astrid . August 7, 2019 . Trump words linked to more hate crime? Some experts think so . October 7, 2021 . AP News.
504. News: Feinberg . Ayal . Branton . Regina . Martinez-Ebers . Valerie . March 22, 2019 . Counties that hosted a 2016 Trump rally saw a 226 percent increase in hate crimes . October 7, 2021 . . limited.
505. News: Yousef . Odette . September 17, 2024 . The U.S. has had a long history of political violence, but experts see a new trend . . January 20, 2025.
506. Angove . James . Stochastic terrorism: critical reflections on an emerging concept . . February 3, 2024 . 17 . 21–43 . 10.1080/17539153.2024.2305742 . free .
507. Tracy . Abigail . August 8, 2019 . "The President of the United States Says It's Okay": The Rise of the Trump Defense . October 7, 2021 . Vanity Fair.
508. News: Helderman . Rosalind S. . Rosalind S. Helderman . Hsu . Spencer S. . Weiner . Rachel . January 16, 2021 . 'Trump said to do so': Accounts of rioters who say the president spurred them to rush the Capitol could be pivotal testimony . September 27, 2021 . . limited.
509. News: Levine . Mike . May 30, 2020 . 'No Blame?' ABC News finds 54 cases invoking 'Trump' in connection with violence, threats, alleged assaults. . February 4, 2021 . ABC News.
510. News: Olorunnipa . Toluse . Toluse Olorunnipa . Wootson . Cleve R. Jr. . Trump refused to condemn white supremacists and militia members in presidential debate marked by disputes over race . . September 30, 2020 . December 25, 2024 . limited.
511. News: Cheney . Kyle . Kyle Cheney (journalist) . Enrique Tarrio, Proud Boys leader on Jan. 6, sentenced to 22 years for seditious conspiracy . December 25, 2024 . . September 5, 2023.
512. News: Hsu . Spencer S. . Silverman . Ellie . Zakrzewski . Cat . January 22, 2025 . Clemency for Oath Keepers, Proud Boys fuels extremism threat, experts say . . January 22, 2025 . limited.
513. News: Feuer . Alan . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . April 13, 2024 . Inside Donald Trump's Embrace of the Jan. 6 Rioters . January 20, 2025 . . limited.
514. News: Finnegan . Michael . September 25, 2016 . Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate . October 10, 2021 . Los Angeles Times.
515. Glasser . Susan B. . Susan Glasser . August 3, 2018 . It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose . January 10, 2019 . The New Yorker.
516. News: Konnikova . Maria . Maria Konnikova . January 20, 2017 . Trump's Lies vs. Your Brain . March 31, 2018 . Politico Magazine.
517. News: Kessler . Glenn . Glenn Kessler (journalist) . Kelly . Meg . Rizzo . Salvador . Shapiro . Leslie . Dominguez . Leo . January 23, 2021 . A term of untruths: The longer Trump was president, the more frequently he made false or misleading claims . October 11, 2021 . . limited.
518. News: Qiu . Linda . January 21, 2017 . Donald Trump had biggest inaugural crowd ever? Metrics don't show it . March 30, 2018 . PolitiFact.
519. News: Rein . Lisa . March 6, 2017 . Here are the photos that show Obama's inauguration crowd was bigger than Trump's . March 8, 2017 . . limited.
520. News: Wong . Julia Carrie . Julia Carrie Wong . April 7, 2020 . Hydroxychloroquine: how an unproven drug became Trump's coronavirus 'miracle cure' . June 25, 2021 . The Guardian.
521. News: Spring . Marianna . Marianna Spring . May 27, 2020 . Coronavirus: The human cost of virus misinformation . June 13, 2020 . BBC News.
522. News: Rowland . Christopher . March 23, 2020 . As Trump touts an unproven coronavirus treatment, supplies evaporate for patients who need those drugs . March 24, 2020 . . limited.
523. News: Parkinson . Joe . Gauthier-Villars . David . March 23, 2020 . Trump Claim That Malaria Drugs Treat Coronavirus Sparks Warnings, Shortages . subscription . March 26, 2020 . The Wall Street Journal.
524. News: Siders . David . May 25, 2020 . Trump sees a 'rigged election' ahead. Democrats see a constitutional crisis in the making. . October 9, 2021 . Politico.
525. News: Riccardi . Nicholas . September 17, 2020 . AP Fact Check: Trump's big distortions on mail-in voting . October 7, 2020 . AP News.
526. News: Eric . Lipton . Eric Lipton . David E. . Sanger . David E. Sanger . Maggie . Haberman . Maggie Haberman . Michael D. . Shear . Michael D. Shear . Mark . Mazzetti . Mark Mazzetti . Julian E. . Barnes . He Could Have Seen What Was Coming: Behind Trump's Failure on the Virus . April 11, 2020 . . April 11, 2020 . limited.
527. News: Guynn . Jessica . October 5, 2020 . From COVID-19 to voting: Trump is nation's single largest spreader of disinformation, studies say . October 7, 2020 . USA Today.
528. Bergengruen . Vera . Hennigan . W.J. . October 6, 2020 . 'You're Gonna Beat It.' How Donald Trump's COVID-19 Battle Has Only Fueled Misinformation . October 7, 2020 . Time.
529. News: Allen . Jonathan . December 31, 2018 . Does being President Trump still mean never having to say you're sorry? . June 14, 2020 . NBC News.
530. News: Greenberg . David . David Greenberg (historian) . January 28, 2017 . The Perils of Calling Trump a Liar . June 13, 2020 . Politico Magazine.
531. News: Bauder . David . August 29, 2018 . News media hesitate to use 'lie' for Trump's misstatements . September 27, 2023 . AP News.
532. News: Farhi . Paul . June 5, 2019 . Lies? The news media is starting to describe Trump's 'falsehoods' that way. . April 11, 2024 . . limited.
533. News: John . Arit . June 23, 2020 . From birtherism to 'treason': Trump's false allegations against Obama . February 17, 2023 . Los Angeles Times.
534. News: Keneally . Meghan . September 18, 2015 . Donald Trump's History of Raising Birther Questions About President Obama . August 27, 2016 . ABC News.
535. News: Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . February 29, 2016 . Even as He Rises, Donald Trump Entertains Conspiracy Theories . October 11, 2021 . . limited.
536. Web site: Fichera . Angelo . Spencer . Saranac Hale . October 20, 2020 . Trump's Long History With Conspiracy Theories . September 15, 2021 . FactCheck.org.
537. News: Bump . Philip . November 26, 2019 . President Trump loves conspiracy theories. Has he ever been right? . October 11, 2021 . . limited.
538. McEvoy . Jemima . December 17, 2020 . These Are The Voter Fraud Claims Trump Tried (And Failed) To Overturn The Election With . September 13, 2021 . Forbes.
539. News: Block . Melissa . Melissa Block . January 16, 2021 . Can The Forces Unleashed By Trump's Big Election Lie Be Undone? . . December 25, 2024.
540. News: This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise . Chris . Cillizza . Chris Cillizza . June 14, 2016 . October 1, 2021 . . limited.
541. News: $2 Billion Worth of Free Media for Donald Trump . Nicholas . Confessore . Nicholas Confessore . Karen . Yourish . March 15, 2016 . . limited.
542. Web site: Hetherington . Marc . Ladd . Jonathan M. . May 1, 2020 . Destroying trust in the media, science, and government has left America vulnerable to disaster . October 11, 2021 . Brookings Institution.
543. News: Grynbaum . Michael M. . December 30, 2019 . After Another Year of Trump Attacks, 'Ominous Signs' for the American Press . October 11, 2021 . . limited.
544. News: Kapur . Sahil . October 13, 2024 . 'Totally illegal': Trump escalates rhetoric on outlawing political dissent and criticism . November 23, 2024 . NBC News.
545. News: Folkenflik . David . David Folkenflik . October 21, 2024 . Could Trump's threats against news outlets carry weight if he wins the presidency? . November 23, 2024 . NPR News.
546. News: Spike . Justin . Riccardi . Nicholas . September 18, 2025 . Trump's moves against the media mirror approaches by authoritarian leaders to silence dissent . . September 18, 2025.
547. News: Abels . Grace . Sherman . Amy . April 29, 2025 . President Trump said he 'brought back free speech.' His first 100 days tell a different story. . . May 4, 2025.
548. News: Gilliand . Olivia . Dumalaon . Janelle . April 26, 2025 . Trump's attacks on media test US press freedom rules . . May 4, 2025.
549. News: Riccardi . Nicholas . Konstantin . Toropin . September 15, 2025 . Trump administration joins Republicans' campaign to police speech in reaction to Kirk's murder . September 15, 2025 . AP News.
550. News: Progressive groups fear 'McCarthy era' attacks in wake of Charlie Kirk shooting . George . Chidi . September 16, 2025 . . September 18, 2025.
551. News: Yerushalmy . Jonathan . September 18, 2025 . 'Censoring you in real time': suspension of Jimmy Kimmel show sparks shock and fears for free speech . September 18, 2025 . The Guardian.
552. News: Brodkin . Jon . January 23, 2025 . Trump's FCC chair gets to work on punishing TV news stations accused of bias . . March 20, 2025.
553. News: Fischer . Sara . Wang . Christine . May 27, 2025 . Journalism under pressure amid fear of retribution . . May 31, 2025.
554. Web site: Ferragamo . Mariel . World Press Freedom Continues Decline at a Time of Upheaval . . May 2, 2025 . January 15, 2026.
555. Web site: United States . . January 15, 2026.
556. Web site: Press freedom in the US . . January 15, 2026.
557. Web site: Will press freedom decline further? . . January 6, 2026 . January 15, 2026.
558. West . Sonja R. . Presidential Attacks on the Press . . 83 . 915 . 2018 . January 16, 2026.
559. Jones . RonNell Andersen . West . Sonja R. . The Fragility of the Free American Press . . 112 . 3 . 567 . 2017 . January 16, 2026.
560. Book: Kalb, Marvin . Enemy of the People: Trump's War on the Press, the New McCarthyism, and the Threat to American Democracy . . 2018 . January 16, 2026.
561. News: Madhani . Aamer . Colvin . Jill . January 9, 2021 . A farewell to @realDonaldTrump, gone after 57,000 tweets . October 10, 2021 . AP News.
562. News: Dwoskin . Elizabeth . May 27, 2020 . Twitter labels Trump's tweets with a fact check for the first time . July 7, 2020 . The Washington Post.
563. News: Conger . Kate . Kate Conger . Isaac . Mike . Mike Isaac . January 16, 2021 . Inside Twitter's Decision to Cut Off Trump . October 10, 2021 . . limited.
564. News: Fischer . Sara . Gold . Ashley . January 11, 2021 . All the platforms that have banned or restricted Trump so far . January 16, 2021 . Axios.
565. News: Timberg . Craig . January 14, 2021 . Twitter ban reveals that tech companies held keys to Trump's power all along . February 17, 2021 . . limited.
566. News: Alba . Davey . Davey Alba . Koeze . Ella . Silver . Jacob . June 7, 2021 . What Happened When Trump Was Banned on Social Media . December 21, 2023 . . limited.
567. News: Dwoskin . Elizabeth . Timberg . Craig . January 16, 2021 . Misinformation dropped dramatically the week after Twitter banned Trump and some allies . February 17, 2021 . . limited.
568. News: Harwell . Drew . Drew Harwell . Dawsey . Josh . Josh Dawsey . November 7, 2022 . Trump once reconsidered sticking with Truth Social. Now he's stuck. . May 7, 2023 . . limited.
569. News: Mac . Ryan . Ryan Mac . Browning . Kellen . November 19, 2022 . Elon Musk Reinstates Trump's Twitter Account . November 21, 2022 . . limited.
570. News: Dang . Sheila . Coster . Helen . November 20, 2022 . Trump snubs Twitter after Musk announces reactivation of ex-president's account . May 10, 2024 . . limited.
571. News: Bond . Shannon . January 23, 2023 . Meta allows Donald Trump back on Facebook and Instagram . NPR News.
572. News: Datta . Monti . September 16, 2019 . 3 countries where Trump is popular . October 3, 2021 . The Conversation.
573. Web site: Wike . Richard . Fetterolf . Janell . Mordecai . Mara . September 15, 2020 . U.S. Image Plummets Internationally as Most Say Country Has Handled Coronavirus Badly . December 24, 2020 . Pew Research Center.
574. News: Rating World Leaders: 2018 The U.S. vs. Germany, China and Russia . October 3, 2021 . . Politico. Page 9
575. Web site: Jones . Jeffrey M. . January 18, 2021 . Last Trump Job Approval 34%; Average Is Record-Low 41% . October 3, 2021 . Gallup, Inc..
576. Bach . Natash . December 28, 2017 . Trump Is the Only Elected U.S. President Not to Be Named America's Most Admired Man In His First Year . November 19, 2024 . Fortune.
577. Web site: 2021 . Presidential Historians Survey 2021 . . June 30, 2021.
578. News: Sheehey . Maeve . June 30, 2021 . Trump debuts at 41st in C-SPAN presidential rankings . . March 31, 2023.
579. News: Brockell . Gillian . Historians just ranked the presidents. Trump wasn't last. . July 1, 2021 . . June 30, 2021 . limited.
580. Web site: American Presidents: Greatest and Worst . . June 22, 2022 . July 11, 2022.
581. News: Rottinghaus . Brandon . Vaughn . Justin S. . February 19, 2018 . Opinion: How Does Trump Stack Up Against the Best—and Worst—Presidents? . July 13, 2024 . . limited.
582. News: Chappell . Bill . February 19, 2024 . In historians' Presidents Day survey, Biden vs. Trump is not a close call . NPR News.
583. News: Barron . James . James Barron (journalist) . December 12, 1990 . Trumps Get Divorce; Next, Who Gets What? . March 5, 2023 . . limited.
584. News: Hafner . Josh . July 19, 2016 . Get to know Donald's other daughter: Tiffany Trump . July 10, 2022 . USA Today.
585. News: July 2, 2021 . Donald Trump Fast Facts . September 29, 2021 . CNN.
586. News: Stump . Scott . October 26, 2015 . Donald Trump: My dad gave me 'a small loan' of $1 million to get started . November 13, 2016 . CNBC.
587. News: Barstow . David . David Barstow . Craig . Susanne . Susanne Craig . Buettner . Russ . Russ Buettner . October 2, 2018 . 11 Takeaways From The Times's Investigation into Trump's Wealth . October 3, 2018 . . limited.
588. News: Ex-Forbes reporter says Trump posed as executive, lied to him to crack Forbes 400 list . Stracqualursi . Veronica . April 20, 2018 . December 25, 2024 . CNN.
589. News: Hilzenrath . David S. . Singletary . Michelle . Trump went broke, but stayed on top . . November 29, 1992 . June 19, 2025 . limited.
590. Lane . Randall . September 29, 2015 . Inside The Epic Fantasy That's Driven Donald Trump For 33 Years . . April 3, 2025.
591. Peterson-Withorn . Chase . Chung . Grace . Durot . Matt . 2025 . Forbes World's Billionaires List - The Richest in 2025 . . April 2, 2025. – Scroll down and enter "trump" in the search box.
592. News: Feuer . Alan . Goldstein . Matthew . July 19, 2025 . Inside the Long Friendship Between Trump and Epstein . . August 27, 2025 . limited.
593. News: Victoria . Bisset . Dylan . Wells . August 2, 2025 . A timeline of how the Epstein controversy became a headache for Trump . . August 27, 2025 . limited.
594. News: Feuer . Alan . December 20, 2025 . 6 Takeaways From the First Batch of the Epstein Files . . December 20, 2025.
595. News: Eder . Steve . Bender . Michael C. . Michael C. Bender . Enrich . David . David Enrich . February 1, 2026 . How Trump Appears in the Epstein Files . . February 6, 2026.
596. News: In Trump and Biden, a Choice of Teetotalers for President . Nagourney . Adam . Adam Nagourney . October 30, 2020 . . February 5, 2021 . limited.
597. News: Kavanaugh likes beer — but Trump is a teetotaler: 'He doesn't like drinkers.' . Parker . Ashley . Ashley Parker . Rucker . Philip . Philip Rucker . October 2, 2018 . . February 5, 2021 . limited.
598. News: Donald Trump sleeps 4–5 hours each night; he's not the only famous 'short sleeper' . Dangerfield . Katie . January 17, 2018 . . February 5, 2021.
599. News: Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry . Golf News Net . July 14, 2018 . July 4, 2019 . Ryan . Ballengee.
600. News: Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's 'finite' energy . Rachael . Rettner . . May 14, 2017 . September 29, 2021 . limited.
601. News: Alex . Marquardt . Lawrence III . Crook . Exclusive: Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter . . May 1, 2018 . May 20, 2018.
602. News: Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files . Schecter . Anna . May 1, 2018 . . June 6, 2019.
603. Web site: Campbell . Colin . Trump: If I'm president, 'Christianity will have power' in the US . . January 20, 2025 . January 23, 2016.
604. Web site: Engel . Pamela . Trump on God: 'Hopefully I won't have to be asking for much forgiveness' . . January 20, 2025 . June 8, 2016.
605. Jenkins . Jack . Mwaura . Maina . Trump, confirmed a Presbyterian, now identifies as 'non-denominational Christian' . . January 20, 2025 . October 24, 2020.
606. Web site: Fahmy . Dalia . March 25, 2020 . Most Americans don't see Trump as religious; fewer than half say they think he's Christian . April 21, 2023 . Pew Research Center.
607. News: Friedman . Ann . Op-Ed: Is Trump religious? Who cares? . March 31, 2025 . . April 19, 2017.
608. News: Taylor . Jessica . Citing 'Two Corinthians,' Trump Struggles To Make The Sale To Evangelicals . March 31, 2025 . . January 18, 2016.
609. News: Peters . Jeremy W. . Dias . Elizabeth . Paula White, Newest White House Aide, Is a Uniquely Trumpian Pastor . . November 2, 2019 . August 14, 2025 . limited.
610. Shellnut . Faith . Trump Appoints Paula White to Oversee Faith Office . . February 10, 2025 . August 14, 2025.
611. News: Peters . Jeremy W. . Jeremy W. Peters . Haberman . Maggie . Maggie Haberman . Paula White, Trump's Personal Pastor, Joins the White House . . October 31, 2019 . September 29, 2021 . limited.
612. News: Gabbatt . Adam . 'False teacher': Trump's pick to head the 'White House faith office' roils some fellow Christians . . April 5, 2025 . August 14, 2025.
613. News: Bridges . C. A. . Walker . Diamond . Trump's new faith office. What to know about controversial Florida pastor Paula White . . February 20, 2025 . August 14, 2025.