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Crandallite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Crandallite (248)Discuss Crandallite

Crandallite Gallery Search Photos of Crandallite

Edit Crandallite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Strontium-bearing Crandallite

Mont-des-Groseillers, Blaton, Bernissart, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium

Crandallite, etc.

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Crandallite

Arșița mine, Iacobeni, Suceava County, Romania

Strontium-bearing Crandallite

Mont-des-Groseillers, Blaton, Bernissart, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium

Crandallite, etc.

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Crandallite

Arșița mine, Iacobeni, Suceava County, Romania

Strontium-bearing Crandallite

Mont-des-Groseillers, Blaton, Bernissart, Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium

Crandallite, etc.

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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About CrandalliteHide

Milan Lucian Crandall, Jr.

Formula:

CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆

Colour:

Yellow, white, gray; colorless in transmitted light.

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Greasy, Silky, Dull, Earthy

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

2.78 - 3.04

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Member of:

Plumbogummite Group > Alunite Supergroup

Name:

Named in 1917 by Gerald Francis Loughlin and Waldemar T. Schaller in honor of mining engineer, Milan Lucian Crandall, Jr. [August 9, 1880, Springville, Utah, USA - April 19, 1959, Napa County, California, USA], previously of the Knight Mining Company, Provo, Utah, USA. (Schaller redefined goyazite as a Ba phosphate rather than a calcium phosphate in order to name crandallite.)

Type Locality:

ⓘ Brooklyn Mine, Silver City, Tintic Mining District, East Tintic Mountains, Utah, USA

The calcium analogue of plumbogummite, phosphate analogue of arsenocrandallite, and Al analogue of UM2006-23-PO:AlBiCaFeH.

Commonly forms solid solutions with goyazite and gorceixite, rarely also with woodhouseite or svanbergite.

See also the visually and chemically similar minerals perhamite, krásnoite (both containing also major Si) and iangreyite.

A possible triclinic polymorph is reported ('UM1963-02-PO:AlCaH').

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1147

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1147:7

Similar NamesHide

Corundellite

A synonym of Margarite

IMA Classification of CrandalliteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

Approval history:

Redefined 1999 s.p.: Jambor (1999).

Classification of CrandalliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

8.BL.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H₂O
L : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 3:1

Dana 8th ed.:

42.7.3.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)₂(XO₄)Z_q·xH₂O

Hey's CIM Ref.:

19.8.16

19 : Phosphates
8 : Phosphates of Al and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Cdl	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Cdl	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
Cdl	Warr (2020)	Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Pronunciation of CrandalliteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of CrandalliteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Greasy, Silky, Dull, Earthy

Transparency:

Translucent, Opaque

Comment:

Massive material grades from vitreous to dull and chalky.

Colour:

Yellow, white, gray; colorless in transmitted light.

Comment:

Theoretically white; iron may make the mineral yellow to brown; also frequently stained when fine-grained.

Streak:

White

Hardness:

5 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
On {0001}, perfect.

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

2.78 - 3.04 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.00 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of CrandalliteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (+)

RI values:

n_ω = 1.613 - 1.618 n_ε = 1.622 - 1.632

Birefringence:

0.011

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.009 - 0.014
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic (convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.

For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.

Thickness: 30 µm

Optical Extinction:

Parallel

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of CrandalliteHide

Mindat Formula:

CaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	54.102 %
Al	19.551 %
P	14.963 %
Ca	9.680 %
H	1.704 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, Ca, H, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Sr,Ba,Fe

Chemical AnalysisHide

wt%

	1
Ca	4.9 %
Pb	12.23 %
Ba	0.8 %
Al	22.6 %
Fe	0.06 %
P	15.65 %
S	0.00 %
F	4.5 %
Total:	60.74 %

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Beauvoir quarry, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France	Pascal Chollet collection and analyse - sample n° 6034	SEM-EDS performed on picked sample on carbon ribbon. Low vac mode at 19kV

Crystallography of CrandalliteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3m(32/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral

Space Group:

R3m

Setting:

R3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 7.005 Å, c = 16.192 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 2.311

Unit Cell V:

688.09 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Commonly massive, nodular aggregates having concentric layering with layers comprised of sub-parallel or matted fibers. May be fine-granular and grading to a dense, agate-like or chalcedonic form; also as banded spherules with a radial-fibrous structure. Found as well-formed pseudomorphs after wavellite crystals, minyulite crystals, and other phosphates. Original crystals are rare, minute, as pseudo-cubic rhombohedrons or trigonal prisms terminated by {0001}; as rosettes of fibers elongated perpendicular to [0001]. Note: Many fibrous crandallite "crystals" are pseudomorphs.

Crystal StructureHide

Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

Rotation
Stop | Start

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0000392	Crandallite	Blount A M (1974) The crystal structure of crandallite American Mineralogist 59 41-47		1974	Clay Canyon, Fairfield, Utah, USA	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Crandallite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Blount A M'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 59 
_journal_year 1974
_journal_page_first 41
_journal_page_last 47
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of crandallite
;
_database_code_amcsd 0000392
_chemical_compound_source 'Clay Canyon, Fairfield, Utah, USA'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ca1.002 P2 Al3 O14'
_cell_length_a 7.005
_cell_length_b 7.005
_cell_length_c 16.192
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 688.093
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.947
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'R -3 m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '2/3+x,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3+x,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'y,x,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3+y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3+y,2/3+z'
  '-x,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  'x-y,-y,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '2/3+y,1/3-x+y,1/3-z'
  '1/3+y,2/3-x+y,2/3-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  '2/3-x+y,1/3-x,1/3+z'
  '1/3-x+y,2/3-x,2/3+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '2/3-x,1/3-y,1/3-z'
  '1/3-x,2/3-y,2/3-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '2/3-y,1/3+x-y,1/3+z'
  '1/3-y,2/3+x-y,2/3+z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '2/3+x-y,1/3+x,1/3-z'
  '1/3+x-y,2/3+x,2/3-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Ca   0.04400   0.00000   0.00000   0.16700
P   0.00000   0.00000   0.31370   1.00000
Al   0.50000   0.00000   0.50000   1.00000
O1   0.00000   0.00000   0.40760   1.00000
O2   0.21420  -0.21420   0.94710   1.00000
O3   0.12370  -0.12370   0.13530   1.00000
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Ca 0.01119 0.03114 0.00398 0.01547 0.00015 0.00035
P 0.00746 0.00746 0.00598 0.00373 0.00000 0.00000
Al 0.00522 0.00429 0.00664 0.00224 0.00025 0.00000
O1 0.01137 0.01137 0.01063 0.00578 0.00000 0.00000
O2 0.01771 0.01771 0.00797 0.01454 0.00015 -0.00015
O3 0.00671 0.00671 0.00797 0.00354 0.00050 -0.00050

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.503 Å	(25)
2.983 Å	(40)
2.938 Å	(100)
2.163 Å	(60)
1.8946 Å	(45)
1.7520 Å	(35)
1.4285 Å	(25)

Comments:

ICDD 33-0257

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Geological Setting:

Late-stage phosphate mineralization in granite pegmatite; sedimentary phosphate nodules; phosphate-bearing rock fractures or in sedimentary layers.

Type Occurrence of CrandalliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Brooklyn Mine, Silver City, Tintic Mining District, East Tintic Mountains, Utah, USA

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Cavities in a quartz-baryte aggregate.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Baryte

Quartz

Synonyms of CrandalliteHide

Other Language Names for CrandalliteHide

Dutch:Crandalliet

German:Crandallit
Kalkwavellit

Russian:Крандаллит

Simplified Chinese:纤磷钙铝石

Spanish:Crandallita

Traditional Chinese:纖磷鈣鋁石

Varieties of CrandalliteHide

Strontium-bearing Crandallite	A strontian variety of Crandallite.
Viséite	Si-bearing crandallite. Originally described from Visé, Liège Province, Belgium.

Relationship of Crandallite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Plumbogummite Group > Alunite Supergroup

Other Members of Plumbogummite Group:

Arsenobenauite	SrFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Benauite	SrFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Eylettersite	Th_0.75Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Florencite-(Ce)	CeAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Florencite-(La)	LaAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Florencite-(Nd)	NdAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Florencite-(Sm)	SmAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Galloplumbogummite	Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m : R3m
Gorceixite	BaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Mon. m : Bm
Goyazite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Kintoreite	PbFe₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
'Kintoreite-2c'	PbFe³⁺₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₆
Plumbogummite	PbAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Springcreekite	BaV³⁺₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
'UM2006-23-PO:AlBiCaFeH'	(Ca,Bi)(Fe,Al)₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
'Unnamed (As-analogue of Zaïrite)'	(Bi,Pb)Fe³⁺₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆
Waylandite	BiAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
Zaïrite	BiFe³⁺₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m

Forms a series with:

Goyazite

Crandallite-Goyazite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

227 photos of Crandallite associated with Variscite	AlPO₄ · 2H₂O
212 photos of Crandallite associated with Wardite	NaAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₄ · 2H₂O
46 photos of Crandallite associated with Millisite	(Na,K)CaAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₉ · 3H₂O
40 photos of Crandallite associated with Wavellite	Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃ · 5H₂O
36 photos of Crandallite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
35 photos of Crandallite associated with Montgomeryite	Ca₄MgAl₄(PO₄)₆(OH)₄ · 12H₂O
33 photos of Crandallite associated with Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ · 4H₂O
33 photos of Crandallite associated with Fluellite	Al₂(PO₄)F₂(OH) · 7H₂O
24 photos of Crandallite associated with Senegalite	Al₂(PO₄)(OH)(OH)₂ · H₂O
18 photos of Crandallite associated with Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

8.BL.	Kiryuite	NaMnAl(PO₄)F₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
8.BL.	Metaheimite	PbCu₂(AsO₄)(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
8.BL.	Graulichite-(La)	LaFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.	Cloudite	BaFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.	Oberwolfachite	SrFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.	Arsenobenauite	SrFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Gallobeudantite	PbGa₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m : R3m
8.BL.05	Slottaite	SrFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Corkite	PbFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Hidalgoite	PbAl₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m : R3m
8.BL.05	Hinsdalite	PbAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	'UM2011-07-POSO:AlBaH'	BaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆
8.BL.05	Kemmlitzite	SrAl₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Beudantite	PbFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Weilerite	BaAl₃(AsO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Hex.
8.BL.05	Woodhouseite	CaAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.05	Svanbergite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Segnitite	PbFe³⁺₃AsO₄(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Arsenogoyazite	SrAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Arsenogorceixite	BaAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Dussertite	BaFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Galloplumbogummite	Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m : R3m
8.BL.10	Stibiosegnitite	Pb(Fe³⁺_2.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10 va	'Viséite'
8.BL.10	Arsenocrandallite	CaAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m)
8.BL.10	Benauite	SrFe³⁺₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Philipsbornite	PbAl₃(AsO₄)(AsO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Springcreekite	BaV³⁺₃(PO₄)₂(OH,H₂O)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Eylettersite	Th_0.75Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Kintoreite	PbFe₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Plumbogummite	PbAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.10	Gorceixite	BaAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Mon. m : Bm
8.BL.10	Goyazite	SrAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Florencite-(Ce)	CeAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Florencite-(La)	LaAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Florencite-(Nd)	NdAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Zaïrite	BiFe³⁺₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Arsenoflorencite-(La)	LaAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	'Arsenoflorencite-(Nd)'	NdAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig.
8.BL.13	'Unnamed (As-analogue of Zaïrite)'	(Bi,Pb)Fe³⁺₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆
8.BL.13	Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)	CeAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Graulichite-(Ce)	CeFe³⁺₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	'Arsenowaylandite'	BiAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig.
8.BL.13	Waylandite	BiAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.13	Florencite-(Sm)	SmAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
8.BL.15	Viitaniemiite	Na(Ca,Mn²⁺)Al(PO₄)(F,OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
8.BL.25	Pattersonite	PbFe³⁺₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₅ · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1

Fluorescence of CrandalliteHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:

Before the blowpipe, it decrepitates somewhat, then exfoliates slightly and fuses to an opaque white enamel, coloring the flame intermittently a pale green due to phosphorous with flashes of red (due to calcium). Heated in a closed tube, decrepitates and gives water.

Notes:

Soluble with difficulty in acids.

May be pseudomorphic after Gordonite.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CrandalliteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1147.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for CrandalliteHide

Reference List:

Kosmann (1869) Zeitschrift der Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Berlin, 21, 799 (as Kalkwavellit).

Gordon, S.G. (1917) New minerals. American Mineralogist, 2, 41-42.

Laubmann (1922) Berichte deutsche chemische Gesellschaft, 55B, 3016 (as Pseudowavellite).

Laubmann (1922) Geognost. Jahrehefte, München, 35, 203.

Larsen, Esper S., Shannon, Earl V. (1930) Two phosphates from Dehrn; dehrnite and crandallite. American Mineralogist, 15 (8) 303-306

Larsen, Esper S., Shannon, Earl V. (1930) The minerals of the phosphate nodules from near Fairfield, Utah. American Mineralogist, 15 (8) 307-337

Larsen, Esper S., 3d, (1942) The mineralogy and paragenesis of the variscite nodules from near Fairfield, Utah, Part 1. American Mineralogist, 27 (4) 281-300

Gordon, Samuel G. (1944) The mineralogy of the tin mines of Cerro de Llallagua, Bolivia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 96. 279-359p.336

Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.

Hutchinson, Ursula M. Cowgill G. E., Joensuu, Oiva (1963) An apparently triclinic dimorph of crandallite from a tropical swamp sediment in El Petén, Guatemala. American Mineralogist, 48 (9-10) 1144-1153

Wambeke, L. Van (1971) The problem of cation deficiencies in some phosphates due to alteration processes. American Mineralogist, 56 (5-6) 1366-1384

Blanchard, Frank N. (1972) Physical and chemical data for crandallite from Alachua County, Florida. American Mineralogist, 57 (3-4) 473-484

Blount, Alice M. (1974) The crystal structure of crandallite. American Mineralogist, 59 (1-2) 41-47

Lasnier, Bernard, Masse, René, Van Tassel, René (1978) Crandallite, CaAl3H (OH)6(PO4)2.H2O. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 101 (5) 578 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1978.7236

Goreaud, Michel, Raveau, Bernard (1980) Alunite and crandallite: a structure derived from that of pyrochlore. American Mineralogist, 65 (9-10) 953-956

Gilkes, R. J., Palmer, B. (1983) Synthesis, properties, and dehydroxylation of members of the crandallite-goyazite series. Mineralogical Magazine, 47 (343) 221-227 doi:10.1180/minmag.1983.047.343.13

Cassedanne, Jacques P., Nen, Luizhélio Barreto da Silva (1991) Strontian Crandallite from the Alto Benedito Pegmatite, Paraiba, Brazil. The Mineralogical Record, 22 (3) 183-185

Bermanec, V., Šćavničar, S., ZebeC, V. (1995) Childrenite and crandallite from the Stari Trg mine (Trepča), Kosovo: new data. Mineralogy and Petrology, 52 (3) 197-208 doi:10.1007/bf01163245

Breitinger, D.K., Krieglstein, R., Bogner, A., Schwab, R.G., Pimpl, Th.H., Mohr, J., Schukow, H. (1997) Vibrational spectra of synthetic minerals of the alunite and crandallite type. Journal of Molecular Structure, 408. 287-290 doi:10.1016/s0022-2860(96)09627-5

Visser, D., Felius, R. O., Moree, M. (1997) Augelite and cerian crandallite in dumortierite quartzites, Vaca Morta quarry, Vereda range, Macaúbas, Bahia, Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine, 61 (407) 607-609 doi:10.1180/minmag.1997.061.407.11

Jambor, John L. (1999) Nomenclature of the alunite supergroup. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37 (6). 1323-1341

Schwab, R.G., Pimpl, T., Schukow, H., Stolle, A., Breitinger, D.K. (2004) Compounds of the crandallite-type: Synthesis, properties and thermodynamic data of pure crandallite and woodhouseite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2004 (9) 385-409 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2004/2004-0385

(2005) Crandallite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Breitinger, D. K., Brehm, G., Mohr, J., Colognesi, D., Parker, S. F., Stolle, A., Pimpl, Th. H., Schwab, R. G. (2006) Vibrational spectra of synthetic crandallite-type minerals—optical and inelastic neutron scattering spectra. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 37 (1). 208-216 doi:10.1002/jrs.1444

Bayliss, P., Kolitsch, U., Nickel, E. H., Pring, A. (2010) Alunite supergroup: recommended nomenclature. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (5) 919-927 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.5.919

Frost, Ray L., Xi, Yunfei, Palmer, Sara J., Pogson, Ross (2011) Vibrational spectroscopic analysis of the mineral crandallite CaAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₅·(H₂O) from the Jenolan Caves, Australia. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 82 (1) 461-466 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2011.07.078

Loughlin, G.F., Schaller, W.T. (1917) Crandallite, a new mineral. American Journal of Science, 43, 69-74. https://rruff.info/uploads/AJS43_69.pdf

Rossi, Manuela, Rizzi, Rosanna, Vergara, Alessandro, Capitelli, Francesco, Altomare, Angela, Bellatreccia, Fabio, Saviano, Michele, Ghiara, Rosaria M. (2017) Compositional variation of turquoise-group minerals from the historical collection of the Real Museo Mineralogico of the University of Naples. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (6) 1405-1429 doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.055

Localities for CrandalliteHide

Showing 422 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Algeria
Tamanrasset Province (Tamanghasset Province) Abalessa District Timgaouine ⓘ Tahaggart deposit	infcis.iaea.org (2026)

Angola
Cuanza Sul Province Seles ⓘ Catanda	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
ⓘ Huilala-Ungongué	Campeny et al. (2015)

Argentina
Catamarca Province Andalgalá Department Andalgalá Capillitas mining district ⓘ La Argentina vein	Yaciuk et al. (2021)
ⓘ La Rosario vein	Yaciuk et al. (2021)
Jujuy Province Rinconada Department Mina Pirquitas ⓘ Chinchillas Mine	Mercado et al. (2025)
San Luis Province Chacabuco Department Sierra de la Estanzuela ⓘ La Viquita pegmatite	Galliski et al. (2012)
ⓘ San Elías mine	Galliski et al. (2012)
Sierra de Comechingones Comechingones Pegmatitic field ⓘ Ángel pegmatite	Demartis et al. (2011)

Aruba
San Nicolaas ⓘ Ceru Colorado	Stienstra (1985)

Australia
Australian Capital Territory Paddy's River District ⓘ Cotter Caves	McQueen et al. (1988)
Paddy's River Mine ⓘ Unnamed caves	McQueen +3 other references
ⓘ Christmas Island	Trueman (1965) +3 other references
ⓘ Grant's Well	Trueman (1965)
ⓘ Murray Hill	Trueman (1965)
New South Wales Canbelego Co. Girilambone ⓘ Murrawombie Copper Mine	Chapman et al. (2005)
Westmoreland County ⓘ Jenolan Caves	Frost et al. (2011)
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district Broken Hill Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine) ⓘ Kintore opencut	Birch et al. (1997)
South Australia Barossa Council Penrice ⓘ Moculta Phosphate Quarry	Harrowfield et al. (1981) +1 other reference
ⓘ Penrice marble quarry	Mills et al. (2008)
District Council of Mount Remarkable Wilmington ⓘ Spring Creek Mine	Beyer et al. (1996)
Eyre peninsula Middleback Range Iron Duke Complex ⓘ Iron Duchess	Francis (2010)
Light Regional Council Koonunga ⓘ Tom's Quarry	Frost et al. (2004)
St Johns ⓘ St Johns Quarry
St Kitts ⓘ St Kitts Phosphate Quarry	Francis et al. (self published)
Pastoral Unincorporated Area Iron Knob ⓘ Iron Monarch Main Pit	Pilkington et al. (1979)
Olympic Dam ⓘ Olympic Dam Mine	Ehrig et al. (2012)
Pernatty ⓘ Carrapateena Project (Carrapateena Deposit)	Habibi et al. (2025)
Robertstown ⓘ Fairview Quarry	Peter Elliott
Tasmania Meander Valley municipality Dunorlan ⓘ Punchs Terror	Bottrill et al. (2008)
Victoria City of Brimbank Keilor ⓘ Keilor quarry
Rural City of Wangaratta Whitfield ⓘ Edi-Cheshunt turquoise field	Birch et al. (1993)
Swan Hill Rural City Lake Boga ⓘ Lake Boga granite quarry	Henry et al. (1988) +1 other reference
Western Australia Carnarvon Shire Lyndon Station ⓘ Mineral Claim 08/693	Government Chemical Laboratories. In: ... +1 other reference
Laverton Shire Mount Weld Station ⓘ Mount Weld Mine	Dunkan et al. (1990) +5 other references
Meekatharra Shire Milgun Station ⓘ Mount Deverell variscite deposit	Mineralogical Magazine 39 (1974) +1 other reference
Woodlands Station ⓘ Woodlands variscite gold occurrence (Low Hill; Waldburg variscite deposit)	Nickel (2008)

Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Guttaring Ratteingraben ⓘ Emma adit	[var: Strontium-bearing Crandallite] Blaß (1999) +2 other references
Spittal an der Drau District Millstatt lake ⓘ Laggerhof	Niedermayr et al. (2005)
Spittal an der Drau Wolfsberg ⓘ Feldspar quarry	Pichler (2009)
Lower Austria Krems-Land District Mühldorf Amstall ⓘ Graphite quarry	Neschen (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Trandorf	Niedermayr (1985) +1 other reference
Neunkirchen District Prigglitz Gasteil ⓘ Sandriegel (Gasteil Cu I; copper mine)	Kolitsch et al. (2021)
Waidhofen an der Thaya District Raabs an der Thaya Eibenstein an der Thaya ⓘ Hengl quarry	- (n.d.)
Salzburg Zell am See District Mittersill ⓘ Graulahnerkopf (Graulahnerkogel)	Bernhard et al. (2004)
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Krieglach Freßnitzgraben Alpl ⓘ Höllkogel	unpublished +1 other reference
ⓘ Freßnitzkogel	www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016)
ⓘ Granegg	SEM-EDS on polished section
ⓘ Rotriegel ridge	Bernhard (1998)
ⓘ Wegscheidkreuz
Langenwang ⓘ Ganz valley	Bernhard (2006)
Pretulgraben ⓘ Fürstenbauer
Leoben District Sankt Peter-Freienstein ⓘ Brandberg	Meixner (1963) +3 other references
Weiz District Fischbach ⓘ Faschingbauerkreuz - Reithkogel area (Gießhübler Berg; Gießhübler Holzschlag)	Taucher (1995)

Belgium
Wallonia Hainaut Bernissart ⓘ Blaton	Mélon et al. (1976)
ⓘ Mont-des-Groseillers	[var: Strontium-bearing Crandallite] Van Tassel (1956) +9 other references
Saint-Ghislain ⓘ Sirault	Cornet (1927) +2 other references
Liège Sprimont Rouvreux ⓘ Florzé	Buurman et al. (1970) +1 other reference
ⓘ Visé	[var: Viséite] Mélon (1942) +3 other references
ⓘ Richelle	[var: Viséite] Fransolet et al. (1974) +1 other reference
Luxembourg ⓘ Vielsalm	Michel Blondieau. +2 other references
Cahay ⓘ Thier des Carrières	Hatert et al. (2002)
ⓘ Salmchâteau	Hatert et al. (2002)
ⓘ Coticule mines (east)	Blondieau (2005)
Namur Anhée ⓘ Bioul	Fournier (1897) +2 other references
ⓘ Haut-le-Wastia	Van Tassel (1985) +1 other reference

Bolivia
Oruro Pantaleón Dalence Province Huanuni ⓘ Huanuni mine	Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) +1 other reference
Santa Fé mining district ⓘ Japo Mine (Negro Pabellón Mine)	Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)
ⓘ Morococala Mine	Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)
ⓘ Santa Fé Mine	Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)
Potosí Rafael Bustillo Province Llallagua ⓘ Siglo Veinte Mine	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference

Brazil
Amazonas São Gabriel da Cachoeira ⓘ Morro dos Seis Lagos	Berger et al. (2009)
Bahia Boquira ⓘ Serra da Vereda	Franz et al. (2014)
ⓘ Vaca Morta quarry	MinMag 61:607 (1997)
ⓘ Brumado	Luis Menezes specimen
Goiás Iporá ⓘ Fazenda Buriti alkaline complex	Santos et al. (2024)
Maranhão Godofredo Viana Aurizona Aurizona Mine ⓘ Pirucaua deposit	Sioeira et al. (1982)
Minas Gerais Brumadinho Serra Azul ⓘ Tico-Tico mine	Menezes (n.d.)
Caldas ⓘ Osamu Utsumi mine	Waber et al. (1992) +1 other reference
Galiléia Sapucaia do Norte ⓘ Sapucaia mine	Sergio Varvello collection
Mendes Pimentel ⓘ Gentil claim	Pers. Comm. from Paulo Anselmo Matioli +1 other reference
Poços de Caldas ⓘ Morro do Ferro	Waber (1991)
Tapira ⓘ Tapira Complex	Berger et al. (2009)
Pará Curionópolis ⓘ Serra Pelada claims	Moroni et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Parauapebas Alemão Cu deposit ⓘ Igarapé Bahia mine	Grainger et al. (2008)
Viseu ⓘ Piriá ridge	Santos et al. (2016)
Paraíba Pedra Lavrada ⓘ Alto Patrimônio pegmatite	Murdoch (1955)
Picuí ⓘ Alto Benedito pegmatite	[var: Strontium-bearing Crandallite] Cassedanne et al. (1991)
Paraná Cerro Azul Mato Preto carbonatite complex ⓘ Clugger orebody	JENKINS II (1987)
Rio Grande do Norte Parelhas ⓘ Capoeira 1 pegmatite (Boqueirãozinho pegmatite)	Robinson et al. (1998)
São Paulo Registro ⓘ Juquiá alkaline carbonatite complex	www.sbgeo.org.br (2002)

Bulgaria
Sofia Province Chelopech Municipality ⓘ Chelopech Au-Cu Mine	Georgieva

Burundi
Bujumbura Rural Province ⓘ Gakara Project	Berger et al. (2009)
Kayanza Province ⓘ Haute Ruvubu Complex	Van den Haute et al. (Burundi) +6 other references

Canada
British Columbia Revelstoke Mining Division Boulder Mountain Pegmatite Group ⓘ Prof pegmatite	Breasley et al. (2024)
Manitoba Lac-du-Bonnet area Bernic Lake ⓘ Tanco Mine	153-155. +2 other references
Northwest Territories Yellowknife Pegmatite field ⓘ Moose II pegmatite (ELK; Beck; DeStaffany)	Anderson et al. (2013)
Nova Scotia Yarmouth Co. ⓘ Brazil Lake pegmatite	Kontak (2004)
Ontario Cochrane District South of Ridge Lake Area ⓘ Martison carbonatite complex	SAGE (1981)
Saskatchewan Athabasca Basin ⓘ Centennial deposit	Reid et al. (2016)
ⓘ McArthur River Mine	Adlakha et al. (2015)
Yukon Dawson mining district ⓘ Big Fish River	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ...
Rapid Creek ⓘ Mount Seafoam (Area D; Area 4)	Collected by Rod Tyson

Chile
Atacama Copiapó Province Tierra Amarilla ⓘ Paton Hill	Norman King
Huasco Province Freirina ⓘ La Blanco Mine	Vajdak (2006)
Coquimbo Elqui Province Vicuña ⓘ Tambo Mine	Deyell et al. (2005)

China
Fujian Nanping Yanping District Nanping pegmatite field ⓘ Pegmatite No. 31	Rao +5 other references
Hubei Shiyan Zhushan Co. ⓘ Woodhouseite occurrence	[var: Viséite] Zhenrong Shi (2008)
Shaanxi Ankang Baihe County ⓘ Yuertan Mine (Yue'ertan Mine)	Zhenrong Shi and Keqin Cai (2007)
Xi'an Lantian County ⓘ Lantian Mine	Zhang Jianguo et al. (2004)
Shanxi Jincheng ⓘ Sihe mine	Zhang et al. (2024)
Sichuan Deyang Shifang Co. Wangjiaping P deposit ⓘ Dengjiahuodi mine section	Ma et al. (2022)
Xinjiang Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture) Qinghe Co. (Qinggil Co.; Chinggil Co.) Qinghe pegmatite field ⓘ Talate pegmatite	Chen et al. (2022)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Kutná Hora District Vlkaneč ⓘ Přibyslavice	Povondra et al. (eds.) +1 other reference
Karlovy Vary Region Cheb District Aš ⓘ Vernéřov	Breiter K.
Karlovy Vary District Abertamy Hřebečná ⓘ Maurizi Mine (St. Maurizius shaft; Mauritius Mine; Beer Mine)	Sejkora et al. (2021)
Sokolov District ⓘ Horní Slavkov
Krásno ⓘ Huber stock (Huber shaft; Hub stock)	Sejkora et al. (2006)
Liberec Region ⓘ North Bohemian Uranium District	Scharm +7 other references
Semily District ⓘ Semily	Dolníček et al. (2023)
South Bohemian Region České Budějovice District Horní Stropnice ⓘ Šejby	Welser
Ústí nad Labem Region Chomutov District Březno ⓘ Libous quarry	Bouška
Kadaň Tušimice ⓘ Nástup Quarry	Bouška
Litoměřice District Podsedice ⓘ Podsedice pyrope deposit (Podseditz pyrope deposit)	Novák

DR Congo
North Kivu Beni Territory Bashu ⓘ Bingo carbonatite	Mineral. Deposita (Berl.) +1 other reference
Rutshuru Territory Bwito ⓘ Lueshe Mine	Wall et al. (1996)
South Kivu Mwenga Territory ⓘ Kobokobo pegmatite	Daltry (1992)

Europe
Ore Mountains ⓘ Zinnwald-Cínovec mining region	Sejkora et al. (2009)
Rhenish Massif ⓘ Stavelot Massif	Fransolet et al. (1997)

Finland
Lapland Savukoski Tulppio ⓘ Sokli carbonatite complex	Vartiainen (1980)
Pirkanmaa Orivesi Eräjärvi area ⓘ Viitaniemi pegmatite	[var: Strontium-bearing Crandallite] Sandström et al. (2009)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Allier Vichy Échassières ⓘ Beauvoir quarry	Queneau (n.d.) +2 other references
Montmins mining district Le Mazet ⓘ Le Mazet vein no. 1	Uwe Kolitsch (EDS-analysis)
ⓘ Ste Barbe vein (Les Montmins)	Kolitsch et al. (2009)
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Haute-Saône Lure ⓘ Chagey	Wittern et al. (1997)
Brittany Côtes-d'Armor Saint-Brieuc Caurel ⓘ N164 By-pass	Boisson et al. (2012)
Finistère Châteaulin Laz ⓘ Plessis quarry	Mindat's pics and Philippe SAGET collection. Stolzite et al. (J.-C. Leydet, P. Leroch', J.-P. Tissier, Ph. Saget...)
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Creuse Aubusson Soumans Montebras ⓘ Montebras Mines	Patureau et al. (2011)
Occitanie Aveyron Villefranche-de-Rouergue Prévinquières ⓘ Phosphate occurrence	Jean-Marie LAURENT collection
Gard Nîmes Le Grau-du-Roi ⓘ Pointe de l’Espiguette beach alluvial deposits	BRGM (2000)
Pyrénées-Orientales Perpignan ⓘ Tautavel	Lacroix (1910)
ⓘ Caune de l'Arago	Quattropani et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Tarn Castres Fontrieu Fumade ⓘ Phosphate occurrence	GAYRAUD (2010)
Pays de la Loire Loire-Atlantique Châteaubriant-Ancenis Pannecé ⓘ La Floquerie quarry	Lheur C. (1993) +1 other reference
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-Maritimes Grasse Arrondissement Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne ⓘ Guano Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Nice Arrondissement Saint-Etienne-de-Tinée ⓘ Claï	Jean-Pierre Bourgarel collection - ...

Gabon
Moyen-Ogooué Province ⓘ Mabounie Nb prospect	Laval et al. (1988)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Gengenbach Gengenbach ⓘ Silberbrünnle Mine	Walenta (1998)
Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta (1992)
Karlsruhe Region Calw ⓘ Neubulach	Walenta (1992)
Bavaria Lower Franconia Aschaffenburg District Mömbris ⓘ Quartzite quarry	Erik Hock
Upper Palatinate Amberg-Sulzbach District Auerbach in der Oberpfalz ⓘ Leonie Mine	42. (in German) +2 other references
Nitzlbuch (Nitzelbuch) ⓘ Maffei Mine (Nitzelbuch Mine)	Dana 7:II:772
ⓘ Amberg	Palache et al. (1951)
Neustadt an der Waldnaab District Pleystein ⓘ Unnamed placers	Dill (2008)
Waidhaus Hagendorf ⓘ Hagendorf North Pegmatite	Dill et al. (2013)
Schwandorf District Nabburg Lissenthan ⓘ Gisela Mine	Dill et al. (2010)
Schwarzach bei Nabburg Wölsendorf ⓘ Marienschacht Mine	Dill et al. (2010)
Hesse Giessen Region Lahn-Dill-Kreis Lahnau Waldgirmes ⓘ Rotläufchen Mine	Weiß (1990)
Limburg-Weilburg Limburg an der Lahn ⓘ Ahlbach	Palache et al. (1951)
Runkel ⓘ Dehrn	Palache et al. (1951)
Weinbach ⓘ Mark Mine	Blaß et al. (2010)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Bestwig ⓘ Föckinghausen quarry	Blaß et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Sundern Hellefeld ⓘ Hardtkopf	Wittern (2001)
Soest Warstein ⓘ David Mine (Christiansglück Mine)	Stieglitz et al. (1987) +1 other reference
Rhineland-Palatinate Westerwaldkreis Wirges Dernbach ⓘ Schöne Aussicht Mine	SEM-EDS by Joy Desor
Saxony Görlitz District Neißeaue ⓘ Emmerichswalde	Witzke et al. (2013)
Vogtlandkreis Muldenhammer Tannenbergsthal Schneckenstein ⓘ Schneckenstein cliff (Königskrone Topaz Mine)	Wunderlich (1990) +1 other reference
Thuringia Greiz District Kauern ⓘ Lichtenberg Absetzer dump	Witzke et al. (1998)
Ronneburg ⓘ Lichtenberg open cast	Witzke et al. (1998)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) Mercati mines ⓘ Christiana Mine	Rieck et al. (2022)
ⓘ Lavrion Mining District	Rieck et al. (2020)
Plaka Plaka mines ⓘ Plaka Porphyry Deposit ("Porphyry Hill")	Rieck et al. (2020)
Central Macedonia Serres Nea Zichni Alistrati ⓘ Orpheas cave	Natural History Museum Vienna collection (collected by Robert Seemann in 2006, PXRD-analysed by Christian L. Lengauer, University of Vienna)
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Rhodope Iasmos ⓘ Melitena prospect	Voudouris et al. (2012)
Maroneia-Sapes ⓘ Mavrokoryfi prospect	Voudouris (2005)

Guatemala
ⓘ El Petén Department	[Clark

Hungary
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Kazincbarcika District Dédestapolcsány ⓘ Rágyincs Valley	geomania.hu (2011)
Fejér County Bicskei District Bicske-Csordakút ⓘ Bauxite Deposit	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Mór District ⓘ Kincsesbánya	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Székesfehérvár District Gánt ⓘ Bagoly Hill	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Győr-Moson-Sopron County Fenyőfő ⓘ Fenyõfõ II Mine	Szakáll et al. (1996)
Kópháza ⓘ Kő hill quarry
Heves County Parádfürdő ⓘ Etelka mine	Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Loc.
ⓘ Hosszú-bérci Alum Quarry
Pétervására District Parádsasvár ⓘ Ilona Völgy (Helena Valley)	Sorrell (n.d.)
Recsk ⓘ Antal adit	GEODA 2013/2
ⓘ RM-48 adit (Lejtakna)	Szakáll et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Veszprém County Ajka District Halimba ⓘ Halimba bauxite deposit	Szakáll et al. (1996)

Iran
West Azerbaijan Province Mahabad County ⓘ Kolijan bauxite deposit	Abedini et al. (2024)

Ireland
Munster Kerry County ⓘ Ballybunnion	Moreton et al. (1995)
Limerick County Shanagolden ⓘ Fort Lismeenagh (Ballycormick)	King et al. (1993)

Israel
Haifa District Hadera Hof HaCarmel ⓘ et-Tabun Cave	Goldberg et al. (1975)
ⓘ Kebara Cave	Weiner et al. (1993)

Italy
Sicily Metropolitan City of Palermo Carini ⓘ Carburangeli Cave	Audra et al. (2019)
Trapani Province Castellammare del Golfo ⓘ Abisso dei Cocci	Vattano M. et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol South Tyrol Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco) Pfitsch (Val di Vizze) Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo) ⓘ Vizze Pass (Pfitsch Pass; Pfitscher Joch)	Morteani et al. (1996)
Tuscany Grosseto Province Scansano ⓘ Pereta Mine	Stéphane Cuchet (2025)

Japan
Fukuoka Prefecture Fukuoka City ⓘ Nagatare (Nagatareyama; Nagatare mine)	SHIROSE et al. (2014)
Gunma Prefecture Agatsuma District Kusatsu ⓘ Okumanza Hot Spring	Matsubara (1998) +1 other reference
Kochi Prefecture Agawa District Ino ⓘ Shougase	Yamada (2004)
ⓘ Katsugase	Minakawa & Tamura (1995)
ⓘ Kochi City	Minakawa & Tamura (1995)
Shizuoka Prefecture Shimoda City Rendaiji ⓘ Kawazu mine (Rendaiji mine; Rendaizi mine)	Takashi Yamada et al. (1999)
Yamaguchi Prefecture Abu District Abu town ⓘ Hinomaru-Nako mine (Hinomaru-Nago mine)	Enju et al. (2017)

Kazakhstan
Aktobe Region Martuk District ⓘ Kuraili	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Jambyl Region Talas Alatau Range (Talas Ala-Too Range) ⓘ Djabagly Mountains (Zhabagly Mountains)	Ankinovich et al. (1997)
Turkistan Region ⓘ Karatau Range	Ankinovich et al. (1997)

Kosovo
Mitrovica District Mitrovica Trepça complex ⓘ Trepça Mine	Féraud J. (1979)

Kyrgyzstan
Batken Region Kadamjay District ⓘ Kara-Chagyr Mountain	Karpenko et al. (2009)
ⓘ Kara-Tangi U deposit	Uvarova et al. (2005)

Madagascar
Amoron'i Mania Ambositra District Tsarasaotra ⓘ Unnamed tonalite quarry	Berger et al. (2014)

Mexico
Coahuila Cuatro Ciénegas Municipality Cuatro Ciénegas Limestone caves ⓘ Rosillo cave	Forti (2006)
Durango Mapimí Municipality Mapimí ⓘ San Ilario Mine	Panczner (1987)

Morocco
Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab Region Oued Ed-Dahab Province ⓘ Terghat carbonatite structure	Malainine et al. (2025)
Oriental Region Berkane Province Zegzel commune ⓘ Chameau Cave	Audra et al. (2021)

Namibia
Oshikoto Region ⓘ Tsumeb	Dmitry Tonkacheev's personal data

Nigeria
Kogi Lokoja ⓘ Agbaja Iron Deposit	Kogi Iron Limited

Niue


Norway
Innlandet Elverum Heradsbygda ⓘ Kjeksberget	Ljøstad et al. (2023)

Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Abbottabad District Hazira Formation ⓘ Chura Gali prospect	Tahir Shah et al. (2007)
ⓘ Galdanian prospect	Tahir Shah et al. (2007)
ⓘ Kakul prospect	Tahir Shah et al. (2007)

Peru
Ancash Bolognesi Province Huallanca District Huanzala ⓘ ~~Huanzala Mine~~	[var: Strontium-bearing Crandallite] Hercule Shen +1 other reference
La Libertad Sánchez Carrión Province Huamachuco Mundo Nuevo ⓘ Mundo Nuevo Mine	EDS analysis Frank Keutsch and XRD Tony ...
Santiago de Chuco Province Quiruvilca District ⓘ ~~Quiruvilca Mine~~	Joan Rosell (2022)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Wrocław County Gmina Kobierzyce ⓘ Pustków Wilczkowski	Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation)
Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie Brodziszów ⓘ Bucznik Hill ?	Ł.K. visual/comparative identification ...
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Kielce County Daleszyce ⓘ Podłazie hill quarry	KRUSZEWSKI et al. (2018)

Portugal
Beja Barrancos Barrancos ⓘ Minancos Mine	Alves (n.d.)
Bragança Torre de Moncorvo Felgar e Souto da Velha ⓘ Fragas da Carvalhosa Mine	Alves (n.d.)
Castelo Branco Idanha-a-Nova União das Freguesias de Zebreira e Segura ⓘ Cerro Queimado	Cathelineau et al. (2024)
Évora Alandroal Alandroal-Nossa Senhora da Conceição - São Brás dos Matos-Mina do Bugalho e Juromenha-Nossa Senhora do Loreto ⓘ Bugalho Mine	Pedro Alves analytical data and ...
Viana do Castelo Viana do Castelo Montaria ⓘ Serra de Arga	Dias P et al. (2014)

Romania
Bihor County Bihor Mountains Firei valley ⓘ Humpleu Cave	Exel T. & Ottner F. (2015)
Caraş-Severin County Locva Mountains (Locvei Mountains) ⓘ Gaura cu Musca Cave	Onac et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Harghita County ⓘ Ditrău Complex	Hirtopanu (2006)
Hunedoara County Boșorod ⓘ Cioclovina cave	Dumitras et al. (2000)
Sibiu County Lotru-Cibin Mountains ⓘ Contu-Negovanu Pegmatite Field	CĂLIN et al. (2019)
Suceava County Iacobeni ⓘ Arșița mine	Koller G.2010 Own found

Russia
Altai Krai ⓘ Denisova Cave	Sokol et al. (2022)
Buryatia Dzhidinsky District ⓘ Ichetuyskoye	Jambor et al. (2001) +2 other references
ⓘ Manzhinskoe fluorite deposit	[var: Viséite] Arkhipchuk (1971)
Chelyabinsk Oblast Chebarkulsky District ⓘ Kundravy quarry	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data
ⓘ Ushtaganka quarry	...
ⓘ Zauralovo quarry	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Kaslinsky District ⓘ Boevskoe Be deposit (Boevka; Severnoye)	Pekov (1998)
Plastovsky District Svetlyi ⓘ Baturovsk quarry	Timophei Zefirov data +1 other reference
Komi Republic Timan Range ⓘ Schugorsk bauxite deposit	Mordberg (1999)
ⓘ Zhelannoye quartz deposit	Repina (2023)
Magadan Oblast Omsukchansky District Ducat ore field ⓘ Ducat Mine (Dukat Mine)	www.igem.ru (2001)
Moscow Oblast Ruzsky District ⓘ Shankinka iron occurrence	Ivan Novikov analytical data +1 other reference
Murmansk Oblast Kovdorsky District ⓘ Kovdor Massif	Ivanyuk et al. (2017)
ⓘ Kovdor Zheleznyi Mine	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Lovozero Massif	...
Sakha Polar Yakutia ⓘ Tomtor Massif	[var: Strontium-bearing Crandallite] S.M. Kravchenko and B.G. Pokrovsky +1 other reference
ⓘ Tomtor deposit	Lazareva et al. (2015)

Rwanda
Western Province Ngororero District Muhororo ⓘ Buranga pegmatite	Daltry et al. (1998) +1 other reference

Senegal
Kédougou Region Saraya ⓘ Mount Kourou Diakouma	Keegan et al. (1979) +1 other reference
Thiès Region ⓘ Pallo Mine	[var: Strontium-bearing Crandallite] Davidson et al. (2005)
Taiba ⓘ Taiba mine (Keur Mor Fall deposit)	rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.)

Serbia
Central Serbia Bor District ⓘ Gornja Lipa Mine	Buttinger-Kreuzhuber et al. (2015) +1 other reference

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Banská Bystrica District Ľubietová ⓘ Jamešná deposit	Ozdín (2015)
Detva District Detva ⓘ Biely vrch	Juraj ŽItňan (2011)
Košice Region Rožňava District Čučma ⓘ Kutačka U-REE occurrence	Rojkovič I. et al. (1999)
Kečovo ⓘ Domica Cave	[var: Viséite] Cílek (1999)
ⓘ Rožňava	Pauliš et al. (2002)
Nitra Region Nitra District Nitra ⓘ Lupka quarry	Uher et al. (2009)

South Africa

Gauteng West Rand District Municipality Far West Rand Western Sector Carletonville ⓘ West Driefontein cave	Martini et al. (1978)
Merafong City Local Municipality ⓘ Western Deep Levels 3 Mine	Fuchs et al. (2017)
KwaZulu-Natal iLembe District Municipality Sinkwazi ⓘ Stanger	Econ Geol (1989)
Northern Cape Namakwa District Municipality Kamiesberg Local Municipality ⓘ Zandkopsdrift carbonatite complex	Harmer et al. (2016) +1 other reference

Spain
Andalusia Málaga Málaga ⓘ Peinado Grande outcrop	Calvo (2015)
Aragon Teruel Castellote ⓘ Ladruñán	Bauluz et al. (2014)
Castile and Leon ⓘ Fregeneda–Almendra pegmatite field	Errandonea-Martin et al. (2022)
León Castrocalbón ⓘ Reguerón del Geijo	Calvo Rebollar (2015)
Salamanca Aldehuela de la Bóveda ⓘ Aldehuela de la Bóveda pegmatite	Roda et al. (2001)
Garcirrey ⓘ Julita quarry (Cañada pegmatite)	Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007)
ⓘ La Fregeneda	Roda-Robles et al. (2010)
Zamora San Vicente de la Cabeza ⓘ Palazuelo de las Cuevas	Moro et al. (1995)
Catalonia Barcelona Baix Llobregat ⓘ Gavà	Camprubí et al. (4)
Bruguers ⓘ Cal Gairal street outcrops	Joan Rosell (2023)
ⓘ Elvira Mine	[var: Viséite] Rosell-Riba et al. (2022)
ⓘ Gavà Mines Archaeological Park area (Can Tintorer Mines)	Bosch +6 other references
ⓘ Les Ferreres Range area	Díaz-Acha et al. (2022)
ⓘ Les Ferreres Range area mines	Díaz-Acha et al. (2022)
ⓘ Rambla de Pompeu Fabra outcrop	Joan Rosell-Riba (2026)
Vallès Occidental Montcada i Reixac ⓘ Montcada Hill Quarry	Mineralogistes de Catalunya (1997)
Lleida Pallars Jussà La Vall Fosca La Torre de Cabdella Castell-estaó ⓘ Eureka mine	Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019)
Extremadura Cáceres ⓘ Belvis de Monroy	Merino et al. (2013)
Galicia Pontevedra Forcarei Forcarei South pegmatite field ⓘ Presqueira pegmatite	Roza Llera +3 other references
Moaña ⓘ Mount Ermelo	Vérez et al. (2024)
Murcia Lorca Ramonete Lomo de Bas ⓘ Loma de Bas tunnel	Georges FAVREAU collection and EDX ...
Navarre Esteríbar Eugui ⓘ Azcárate Quarry (Azkarate Quarry)	Calvo et al. (2003)

Sri Lanka
North Central Province Anuradhapura District ⓘ Eppawala deposit (Eppawala carbonatite complex)	origin.island.lk (n.d.) +5 other references

Sudan
North Darfur ⓘ Jebel Tawiga	Schwarz et al. (1999)
South Kordofan ⓘ Uro	Abdelmajid et al. (2014)

Sweden
Norrbotten County Kiruna Svappavaara ⓘ Leveäniemi Mine	Bjällerud (1989) +2 other references
Värmland County Torsby ⓘ Hålsjöberg	Grensman (1989)
Västra Götaland County Tidaholm ⓘ Hökensås	Ek et al. (1990)

Tajikistan
Sughd Ghafurov District ⓘ Biryuzakan deposit	webmineral.ru (n.d.)

Togo
Maritime Region ⓘ Dagpati	Gnandi et al. (2003)
ⓘ Hahotoé	Gnandi et al. (2003)
ⓘ Kpogamé	Gnandi et al. (2003)
ⓘ Avéto	Gnandi et al. (2003)

Uganda
Eastern Region Manafwa Bukusu Carbonatite Complex ⓘ Busumbu deposit	www.uoguelph.ca (2004)
Western Region Ntungamo Ankole pegmatite field ⓘ Nyanga pegmatite	von Knorring et al. (1979)

UK
England Cornwall Kea ⓘ Wheal Jane	King et al. (1989) +1 other reference
Treverbyn Stenalees ⓘ Gunheath China Clay Pit	Tindle (2008)
ⓘ Staffordshire	Wilson et al. (1966)
Wales Swansea Pennard ⓘ Pwll Du Head

USA
Alabama ⓘ Autauga County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Bullock County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Choctaw County	Cook et al. (1982)
Clarke County ⓘ Campbell Mountain	Dean (1995)
ⓘ Crenshaw County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Dale County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Dallas County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Elmore County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Greene County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Hale County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Lowndes County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Macon County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Marengo County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Monroe County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Montgomery County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Perry County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Pickens County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Russell County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Sumter County	Cook et al. (1982)
ⓘ Wilcox County	Cook et al. (1982)
Arizona Cochise County Tombstone Mining District Silver Plume Mine ⓘ Emerald Mine	Marek Chorazewicz (2023)
Yavapai County ⓘ White Picacho Mining District	AmMin 67: 97-113 (1982)
Independence Gulch ⓘ Midnight Owl Mine	London et al. (1982)
Arkansas Garland County Avant ⓘ Dug Hill	Arthur E. Smith (2008)
ⓘ de Linde Pits	Rocks & Min.:63:107. +1 other reference
ⓘ Stuart Schmitt deposit	Arthur E. Smith (2008)
Hot Springs ⓘ Hot Springs Water Works	Arthur E. Smith (2008)
Indian Mountain ⓘ Smith Whetstone Quarry	Rocks & Min.: 63:108. +1 other reference
ⓘ Malvern Minerals Company Mine	Rocks & Min.: 63: 108.
Hot Spring County Magnet Cove ⓘ Diamond Jo Quarry	Smith (1989) +1 other reference
ⓘ Montgomery County	Howard (1987)
ⓘ Mauldin Mountain	Peter Hargis
ⓘ Mauldin Mountain Quarries	Charles Creekmur collection
California El Dorado County Slate Mountains Slate Mountain District Slate Mountain ⓘ Slate Mountain Mine	Pemberton (1983) +2 other references
Mono County White Mountains White Mountain Peak ⓘ Champion Mine	[var: Viséite]
Colorado Park County Montezuma Mining District Hall Valley (Hall's Valley) ⓘ Handcart Gulch	Bove
Routt County ⓘ Twentymile Park Mining District	Eckel et al. (1997)
Connecticut Middlesex County Portland Collins Hill Strickland pegmatite ⓘ Strickland Quarry ?	Schooner (1955)
Florida Alachua County Micanopy ⓘ US highway 441 roadcut	Blanchard (1972)
Polk County Central Florida Phosphate Mining District (Bone Valley) Homeland ⓘ Clear Spring Mine	rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Homeland Mine	Altschuler et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Noralyn/Phosphoria Mines (IMC-Agrico) ⓘ Noralyn Mine	Marc V. Hurst (2012)
ⓘ Phosphoria Mine	Marc V. Hurst (2012)
Georgia Burke County Girard Mining District ⓘ Girard	Rocks & Min.: 64:187.
Lincoln County ⓘ Graves Mountain	Barwood (1999) +1 other reference
Polk County Cedartown ⓘ Brewer Mine (R.H. Brewer Mine)	Wenrich (1997)
Indiana Lawrence County ⓘ Gardner Mine Ridge	AmMin 43:983 +1 other reference
Maine Oxford County Greenwood Uncle Tom Mountain ⓘ Emmons Quarry	Thompson et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Newry ⓘ Dunton Gem Quarry	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rose Quartz crystal locality (Pegmatite 24)	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Paris ⓘ Mount Mica Quarry	King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Nevada Elko County Carlin Mining District ⓘ Rain Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Independence Mountains Mining District ⓘ Enfield Mine (Jerritt Canyon gold mine; Bell mine; Marlboro Canyon; Allchem; Generator Hill pits)	Castor et al. (2004)
Esmeralda County ⓘ Candelaria Mining District (Columbus Mining District)	Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.
Eureka County Carlin Trend Maggie Creek Mining Subdistrict ⓘ Gold Quarry Mine	Newmont Mining Corporation
Lynn Mining District ⓘ Carlin Gold Mine	Jensen et al. (1995)
ⓘ Goldstrike Mines	Barrick Gold Corporation
Humboldt County Iron Point Mining District Valmy ⓘ Silver Coin Mine	Wise et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Osgood Mountains Potosi Mining District Adam Peak ⓘ Getchell Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Mineral County Candelaria Mining District ⓘ Argentum Mining Co. Mine (Northern Belle Mine; Holmes Mine)	Kampf et al. (2016)
Candelaria Silver Mine ⓘ Northern Belle pit	Adams (2019)
Nye County Hot Creek Range Tybo Mining District ⓘ Warm Springs	Castor et al. (2004)
Pershing County Willard Mining District ⓘ Willard Mine	Jensen et al. (2001)
New Hampshire Grafton County Alexandria ⓘ E.E. Smith Mine	Smith (2005)
Groton ⓘ Charles Davis Mine	Rocks & Min. 80:251
ⓘ Palermo No. 1 Mine	Rocks & Min. (July-Aug. 2002) +3 other references
ⓘ Palermo No. 2 Mine	Journal of Pegmatology vol. 1 +2 other references
Sullivan County Newport ⓘ Chandlers Mill Quarry	Smith (2005)
New Mexico Colfax County ⓘ Laughlin Peak	USGS Open File report 2010-5220
Grant County Burro Mountains Mining District Tyrone Area ⓘ Tyrone Mine	Freeport-McMoRan
ⓘ San Salvador Hill pit	Jerry Cone Collection
Socorro County Hansonburg District Bingham ⓘ Mex-Tex Mine	DeMark et al. (1999)
North Carolina Lincoln County ⓘ Clubb Mountain deposit (Reese Mountain - Clubb Mountain deposit)	Espenshade
Pennsylvania Juniata County Lack Township East Waterford ⓘ W.L. Newman Phosphate Mine	The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania +1 other reference
ⓘ Perulack	Mark R. Heintzelman Reference collection
Northampton County Lower Saucon Township Hellertown ⓘ Bachman Mine	Kampf et al. (2012)
Puerto Rico Mayagüez ⓘ Mona Island	Onac et al. (2011)
ⓘ Monito Island (Moneta Island; Muna Muna Island)	Wise (1997)
South Dakota Custer County Custer Mining District Fourmile ⓘ Tip Top Mine	Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. +1 other reference
Lawrence County Bald Mountain Mining District (Portland Mining District) ⓘ Wharf Mine	Loomis (2011)
Pennington County Harney City ⓘ Everly Mine (Riverton lode)	Smith et al. (2000)
Keystone Mining District Keystone ⓘ Hugo Mine	Fisher et al. (1958) +1 other reference
Utah Box Elder County Lucin Utahlite Hill ⓘ Utahlite claim	J. Marty (1995)
East Tintic Mountains Tintic Mining District Silver City ⓘ Brooklyn Mine (TL)	Palache et al. (1951) +3 other references
Juab County East Tintic Mountains ⓘ Tintic Mining District	Clark (1993)
Tooele County Stansbury Mountains ⓘ Amatrice Hill	Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references
Utah County Sunshine Mining District Fairfield ⓘ Clay Canyon	Larsen et al. (1942) +2 other references
ⓘ Little Green Monster Variscite Mine	Wilson (2010)
Virginia Alleghany County Clifton Forge Iron Mining District ⓘ Island Ford Cave	Dietrich (1990)
Bath County ⓘ Butler Cave	NSS Bulletin 44:90-97 (1982)
Buckingham County Farmville Mining District Sprouses Corner ⓘ Willis Mountain Mine	Giannini et al. (1) +1 other reference
Campbell County Alta Vista ⓘ Andalusite locality	Dietrich (1990)
Frederick County Gore ⓘ Glass Sand Corp. Quarry	Rocks & Min.:60:167.
Washington ⓘ Mount Rainier National Park	Rye et al. (2003)
West Virginia ⓘ Taylor County	Bauer et al. (2022)
Wisconsin Jackson County ⓘ Merrillan	Klemic et al. (1972) +1 other reference
Rusk County Ladysmith ⓘ Flambeau Mine	Jones +1 other reference
Wyoming Crook County ⓘ Bear Lodge alkaline igneous complex	Van Rythoven et al. (2020)

Uzbekistan
Navoiy Kokpatas village ⓘ Alisay	Mineraly Uzbekistana (Minerals of the Uzbekistan)

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Crandallite

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