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Manganese Oxides
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About Manganese Oxides
Name:
A generic name given to manganese oxides and hydroxides of uncertain composition and mineralogy.
A generic name usually applied to any unidentified manganese oxides and hydroxides, especially where fine-grained and often intermixed, including Akhtenskite, Asbolane, Aurorite, Birnessite, Buserite, Coronadite, Chalcophanite, Cryptomelane, Feitknechtite, Groutite, Hausmannite, Hollandite, Manganite, Psilomelane, Pyrochroite, Pyrolusite, Ramsdellite, Ranciรฉite, Romanรจchite, Todorokite, Vernadite, Wad.
A review on these minerals has been published by Post (1999).
A review on these minerals has been published by Post (1999).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
26664
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:26664:8
Other Language Names for Manganese Oxides
Varieties of Manganese Oxides
| Manganese Dendrites | Black dendritic films or aggregates of various visually indistinguishable black manganese oxides, which may occur on all kinds of rocks. These dendrites may consist of birnessite, coronadite, cryptomelane, hollandite, romanèchite, todorokite or other spe... |
| Rat's Hair | A popular name used for fuzzy hairlike mm-long crystals of manganese oxides. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 184 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 138 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 80 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl |
| 47 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 44 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with 'Campylite' | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 44 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| 41 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 37 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 37 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with 'Limonite' | |
| 31 photos of Manganese Oxides associated with Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 ยท nH2O, x < 1 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Manganese Oxides
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-26664.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Manganese Oxides
Reference List:
Fairbanks, Ernest E. (1924) The identification of manganese minerals. Economic Geology, 19 (8) 769-770 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.19.8.769
Thiel, George A. (1924) The manganese minerals: their identification and paragenesis. Economic Geology, 19 (2). 107-145 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.19.2.107
Crittenden, M. D., Cuttitta, Frank, Rose, H. J., Fleischer, Michael (1962) Studies on manganese oxide minerals. VI. Thallium in some manganese oxides. American Mineralogist, 47 (11-12). 1461-1466
Chukhrov, F. V., Gorshkov, A. I., Drits, V. A. (1987) Advances in the crystal chemistry of manganese oxides. International Geology Review, 29 (4). 435-444 doi:10.1080/00206818709466161
Bish, David L., Post, Jeffrey E. (1989) Thermal behavior of complex, tunnel-structure manganese oxides. American Mineralogist, 74 (1-2) 177-186
HARIYA, Yu (1991) On the formation of manganese oxide minerals. Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan, 20 (1) 3-11 doi:10.2465/gkk1952.20.3
Feng, Qi, Kanoh, Hirofumi, Ooi, Kenta (1999) Manganese oxide porous crystals. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 9. 319-333 doi:10.1039/a805369c
Post, J. E. (1999) Manganese oxide minerals: Crystal structures and economic and environmental significance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96 (7) 3447-3454 doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3447
McKeown, David A., Post, Jeffrey E. (2001) Characterization of manganese oxide mineralogy in rock varnish and dendrites using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 86 (5) 701-713 doi:10.2138/am-2001-5-611
Post, Jeffrey E., McKeown, David A., Heaney, Peter J. (2020) Raman spectroscopy study of manganese oxides: Tunnel structures. American Mineralogist, 105 (8) 1175-1190 doi:10.2138/am-2020-7390
Post, Jeffrey E., McKeown, David A., Heaney, Peter J. (2021) Raman spectroscopy study of manganese oxides: Layer structures. American Mineralogist, 106 (3) 351-366 doi:10.2138/am-2021-7666
Bernardini, Simone, Bellatreccia, Fabio, Della Ventura, Giancarlo, Sodo, Armida (2021) A Reliable Method for Determining the Oxidation State of Manganese at the Microscale in Mn Oxides
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Raman Spectroscopy. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 45 (1) 223-244 doi:10.1111/ggr.12361
Hou, Zhaoliang, Woล, Dawid, Tschegg, Cornelius, Rogowitz, Anna, Rice, A. Hugh N., Nasdala, Lutz, Fusseis, Florian, Szymczak, Piotr, Grasemann, Bernhard (2023) Three-dimensional mineral dendrites reveal a nonclassical crystallization pathway. Geology, 51 (7) 626-630 doi:10.1130/g51127.1
Vermeersch, Eva, Koลกek, Filip, De Grave, Johan, Jehliฤka, Jan, Vandenabeele, Peter, Rousaki, Anastasia (2023) Identification of tunnel structures in manganese oxide minerals using microโRaman spectroscopy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 54 (11) 1201-1212 doi:10.1002/jrs.6536
Localities for Manganese Oxides
Showing 1,748 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
โ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Serra da Mina Mine, Cercal do Alentejo, Santiago do Cacรฉm, Setรบbal, Portugal