Stolzite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Stolzite
Johann A. Stolz
Formula:
Pb(WO4)
Colour:
Reddish brown, brown, yellowish gray, smoky-gray, gray-brown, ostraw-yellow, lemon-yellow, orange-yellow, red or green (rare)
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
8.34
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in honour of Johann Anton Stolz (11 June 1778, Prague - 17 August 1855, Teplice), physician and mineral collector from Teplice, Bohemia, Czech Republic. He spent much of his life interested in minerals and built an important collection. He provided the first specimen of stolzite for study.
Note: the mineral is NOT named for the physician Joseph Alexis Stolz (1803–1896) of France, as is reported by some other sources.
Note: the mineral is NOT named for the physician Joseph Alexis Stolz (1803–1896) of France, as is reported by some other sources.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Stolzite-Wulfenite Series.
The tetragonal dimorph of raspite.
A rare secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of hydrothermal tungsten-bearing lead deposits.
The tetragonal dimorph of raspite.
A rare secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of hydrothermal tungsten-bearing lead deposits.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3794
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3794:1
IMA Classification of Stolzite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Pb2+W6+O4
Classification of Stolzite
7.GA.05
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
G : Molybdates, Wolframates and Niobates
A : Without additional anions or H2O
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
G : Molybdates, Wolframates and Niobates
A : Without additional anions or H2O
48.1.3.2
48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : AXO4
48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : AXO4
27.4.8
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
4 : Tungstates
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
4 : Tungstates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sz | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Stolzite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Stolzite
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Reddish brown, brown, yellowish gray, smoky-gray, gray-brown, ostraw-yellow, lemon-yellow, orange-yellow, red or green (rare)
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Imperfect on {001}; indistinct on {011}
Imperfect on {001}; indistinct on {011}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
8.34 g/cm3 (Measured) 8.408 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Stolzite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 2.27 nε = 2.18 - 2.19
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.080 - 0.090
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Stolzite
Mindat Formula:
Pb(WO4)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mo
Crystallography of Stolzite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.461 Å, c = 12.049 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.206
Unit Cell V:
359.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals commonly dipyramidal {111}, {101} or other pyramidal forms; also thick tabular {001}, {101}, with {011}, {112}, {001}. Development may be complex with over 30 additional forms recorded. Prism faces horizontally striated; pyramidal faces often striated parallel to the edge {h0l}{hhl} or diagonally striated parallel to the edges with third-order pyramids.
Comment:
Space group determined on synthetic material.
Crystallographic forms of Stolzite
Crystal Atlas:
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Stolzite no.1 - {100} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Stolzite no.21 - {112} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
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Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0011974 | Stolzite | Xu K, Xue J, Ding Y, Lu G (1995) Discovery of stolzite in China and refinement of its crystal structure Acta Geologica Sinica 8 111-116 | 1995 | Yaogangxian, Hunan Province, China | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012826 | Stolzite | Chipaux R, Andre G, Cousson A (2001) Crystal structure of lead tungstate at 1.4 and 300 K Journal of Alloys and Compounds 325 91-94 | 2001 | synthetic | 0 | 290 | |
| 0012825 | Stolzite | Chipaux R, Andre G, Cousson A (2001) Crystal structure of lead tungstate at 1.4 and 300 K Journal of Alloys and Compounds 325 91-94 | 2001 | synthetic | 0 | 290 | |
| 0012824 | Stolzite | Chipaux R, Andre G, Cousson A (2001) Crystal structure of lead tungstate at 1.4 and 300 K Journal of Alloys and Compounds 325 91-94 | 2001 | synthetic | 0 | 290 | |
| 0012828 | Stolzite | Chipaux R, Andre G, Cousson A (2001) Crystal structure of lead tungstate at 1.4 and 300 K Journal of Alloys and Compounds 325 91-94 | 2001 | synthetic | 0 | 1.4 | |
| 0012827 | Stolzite | Chipaux R, Andre G, Cousson A (2001) Crystal structure of lead tungstate at 1.4 and 300 K Journal of Alloys and Compounds 325 91-94 | 2001 | synthetic | 0 | 1.4 | |
| 0012777 | Stolzite | Moreau J M, Galez P, Peigneux J P, Korzhik M V (1996) Structural characterization of PbWO4 and related new phase Pb7W8O(32-x) Journal of Alloys and Compounds 238 46-48 | 1996 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.25 Å | (100) |
| 2.024 Å | (35) |
| 1.6606 Å | (35) |
| 2.732 Å | (30) |
| 3.01 Å | (20) |
| 1.7820 Å | (20) |
| 1.931 Å | (16) |
Comments:
Synthetic. Data are from Swanson et al. (1967).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Geological Setting:
Oxidation zone of hydrothermal tungsten-bearing lead deposits.
Type Occurrence of Stolzite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Saxony, Germany: #17596.
Synonyms of Stolzite
Other Language Names for Stolzite
Dutch:Stolziet
French:Scheeltine
German:Stolzit
Bleischeelat
Bleiwolframat
Scheelbleispat
Scheel-Bleispath
Scheelsaures Blei
Wolframbleierz
Bleischeelat
Bleiwolframat
Scheelbleispat
Scheel-Bleispath
Scheelsaures Blei
Wolframbleierz
Russian:Штольцит
Simplified Chinese:钨铅矿
Spanish:Stolzita
Varieties of Stolzite
Relationship of Stolzite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Scheelite Group:
| Babunaite-(Nd) | NdAsO4 | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
| Powellite | Ca(MoO4) | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
| Ronpetersonite | BaWO4 | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
| Scheelite | Ca(WO4) | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
| Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) | Tet. 4/m : I41/a |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 118 photos of Stolzite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 71 photos of Stolzite associated with Raspite | Pb(WO4) |
| 70 photos of Stolzite associated with Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl |
| 60 photos of Stolzite associated with Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 41 photos of Stolzite associated with Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| 33 photos of Stolzite associated with Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| 28 photos of Stolzite associated with Wolframite Group | |
| 22 photos of Stolzite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 20 photos of Stolzite associated with Alunite Supergroup | AD3(XO4)2(OH)6 |
| 15 photos of Stolzite associated with Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.GA. | Yunhaoite | K2(MoO4) |
| 7.GA.05 | Ronpetersonite | BaWO4 |
| 7.GA.05 | Fergusonite-(Ce) | CeNbO4 · 0.3H2O |
| 7.GA.05 | 'Fergusonite-(Nd)' | NdNbO4 |
| 7.GA.05 | Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| 7.GA.05 | Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| 7.GA.05 | Suseinargiuite | NaBi(MoO4)2 |
| 7.GA.05 | Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| 7.GA.05 | Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| 7.GA.10 | Formanite-(Y) | YTaO4 |
| 7.GA.10 | Iwashiroite-(Y) | Y(Ta,Nb)O4 |
| 7.GA.15 | Paraniite-(Y) | Ca2Y(AsO4)(WO4)2 |
| 7.GA.20 | Takanawaite-(Y) | YTaO4 |
Fluorescence of Stolzite
May be bright red to red-orange (LW UV), and lemon-yellow (SW UV).
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Melting Point 1123° C.
Notes:
Decomposed by HCl with the separation of yellow tungstic acid.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Stolzite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3794.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Stolzite
Reference List:
Beudant, François-Sulpice (1832) Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition] (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Tome II [Volume II]. Chez Verdière. p.662 - as Scheeltine
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.138
Palache, Charles (1941) Crystallographic notes: cahnite, stolzite, zincite, ultrabasite. American Mineralogist, 26 (7) 429-436
Localities for Stolzite
Showing 218 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Biglia et al. (2016) |
Australia | |
| Donald H. McColl (1973) |
| Rankin et al. (2002) |
| Glastonbury et al. (1929) +1 other reference |
| Museum Victoria mineral collection | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference | |
| Museum Victoria collection | |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| Worner et al. (1982) |
| Robertson +1 other reference |
| Anon (2013) |
| Bottrill +2 other references | |
Austria | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Auer (1995) |
| Exel (1993) | |
| Auer (1995) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Niedermayr et al. (2009) | |
Brazil | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
Bulgaria | |
| Tarassov et al. (2018) |
| - (n.d.) |
Canada | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Roberts (2017) |
China | |
| Hanquan Ye (1985) |
| Shen (n.d.) |
| chinesefineminerals.com |
| Keqin Xu et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Guangming Yang (1980) |
| Xingyu Liao (2001) |
| Enkui Cao (1991) |
| Shen (n.d.) |
| Fleischer et al. (1979) |
Czech Republic | |
| Krátký et al. (2026) |
| www.researchgate.net (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| SEJKORA et al. (2026) | |
Europe (TL) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +3 other references |
France | |
| Ducluzaux (2022) |
| Heinz Förch and Uwe Kolitsch collections (single-crystal XRD and SEM-EDS) |
| Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet ... +1 other reference |
| Cuchet et al. (2000) | |
| Chollet et al. (2013) |
| Personally collected by Yves MOUREY in ... |
| GOURAULT C. (2011) |
| Kolitsch (1997) |
| Les Vosges minières +1 other reference |
| Hohl (1994) | |
| Hohl (1994) | |
| Mindat's pics and Philippe SAGET collection. Stolzite et al. (J.-C. Leydet, P. Leroch', J.-P. Tissier, Ph. Saget...) |
| Pierre Le Roch (visual ID) +1 other reference |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Hohl (1994) +1 other reference |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Picot et al. (1982) |
| Gayraud et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Garric François |
| Dill (2008) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Scwab et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| GAYRAUD (2010) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Blaß et al. (2000) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| Markl (1991) +1 other reference |
| Habel (2003) +1 other reference |
| Th.Lühr collection |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Junker et al. (1991) |
| Gröbner et al. (2006) |
| - (1986) |
| Junge et al. (2023) |
| Jahn (1999) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Daniel Lunau | |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
| [var: Molybdenian Stolzite] Kilias et al. (1997) |
Hungary | |
| Geoda 2012/I. |
Italy | |
| Corrado Balestra - 3M Ferrania ... |
| C. Balestra | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Martini et al. (2012) |
| Martini et al. (2012) | |
| SEM/EDS 18/09/2001 MNHN-Paris |
| ALBERTINI C. (2014) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Conforti et al. (1992) +3 other references |
| Mauro Savia collection |
| Olmi F. et al. (SS) +3 other references |
| Olmi F. et al. (1995) | |
| orenza et al. (2005) |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Saccardo D. et al. (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza) |
Japan | |
| Fujiwara (1977) |
| Izumino et al. (2015) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
Namibia | |
| Bezing et al. (2007) |
| Schnaitmann et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Niedermayr (2010) | |
| Foord et al. (1982) |
New Zealand | |
| Watters |
| Rod Martin Collection | |
| Thornton |
Nigeria | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Norway | |
| Eldjarn (1977) |
| Neumann (1959) |
| Bjørlykke (1959) |
| Bjørlykke (1959) +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| collections of Rock Currier +1 other reference |
| Hyršl (2011) |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Gomes et al. (2010) |
| Hydrothermal tungstates from Serra de ... |
| C. Leal Gomes et al. (2011) | |
| Alves (2017) |
| Pedro Alves information November 2014 |
| Pierre Rosseel collection |
Russia | |
| Kasatkin et al. (2022) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2025) +1 other reference |
| Rogov et al. (2023) | |
| Rogov et al. (2023) +1 other reference | |
| Hyršl (1992) |
| Kiseleva et al. (2008) +2 other references |
Slovakia | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
Spain | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
| Merchán et al. (1987) |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf (2013) |
| Ruiz Mora (1982) |
Sweden | |
| Öhman et al. (2000) |
| Gavelin |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| Dill (2008) |
| MEISSER et al. (1996) |
Thailand | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Econ Geol (1995) |
UK | |
| Green et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Foster (n.d.) |
| Green et al. (1996) |
| Moulding et al. (2008) |
| Moulding et al. (2008) |
| Greg et al. (1858) +6 other references |
| Cooper et al. (1990) +1 other reference | |
| Claringbull (1951) +6 other references |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +4 other references | |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +1 other reference | |
| Cooper et al. (1990) | |
| Dudgeon (1890) +1 other reference |
| Livingstone (1992) |
| |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Graeme (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Palache (1941) +2 other references | |
| Palache (1941) +3 other references |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Yang et al. (2021) |
| [var: Molybdenian Stolzite] Galbraith (1959) |
| Faick (1958) +2 other references |
| [var: Molybdenian Stolzite] Faick (1958) +3 other references |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Collected by Mark Ascher Sight ... |
| R.O. Meyer collection +1 other reference |
| - (1990) +2 other references |
| Moore |
| Bradley (1941) +2 other references |
| Tucker (1941) +1 other reference | |
| Pemberton (1983) |
| Pemberton (1983) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| - (2005) |
| M.Felch et al |
| Emerson (1917) +1 other reference |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Waisman (1992) +1 other reference |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ... |
| Nashua Min. Soc. Display Cat. |
| Smith (2005) |
| DeMark (2004) |
| Min News 20:10 p 8 | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| DeMark (1989) | |
| Jerry Cone Collection |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| - (2005) |
| Wilson et al. (1978) | |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Miller (1971) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| collected by and in te collection of ... +1 other reference |
| Calkins +3 other references |
| R&M 68:6 p381-393 | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
Uzbekistan | |
| Wilde et al. (2000) |
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Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany