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Hiärneite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hiärneite
Urban Hjärne
Formula:
Ca2Zr4Mn3+SbTiO16
formula revised due to acceptance of the proposal 21-G; formerly given as: (Ca,Mn,Na)2(Zr,Mn3+)5(Sb,Ti,Fe)2O16
Colour:
Red
Hardness:
7
Specific Gravity:
5.44 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after Urban Hiärne (20 December 1641 – 10 March 1724), a pioneer in Swedish geology. It is approximately pronounced year-ne-ite.
Isostructural with:
This page provides mineralogical data about Hiärneite.
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Hiarneite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6994
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6994:2
IMA Classification of Hiärneite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Ca2Zr4+4Mn3+Sb5+Ti4+O16
Approval year:
1996
First published:
1997
Approval history:
Redefined IMA 21-G - Miyawaki et al. 2022.
Classification of Hiärneite
4.DL.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
L : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
L : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hiä | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hiärneite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Red
Comment:
In thin section it is weakly dichroic in orange and yellow-orange.
Hardness:
7 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=1254 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
None observed
Density:
5.44(1) g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hiärneite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 2.12(2) nε = 2.16(2)
Birefringence:
Weakly dichroic in orange and yellow-orange.
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.040
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Anisotropism:
Weak
Colour in reflected light:
Colourless to gray
Internal Reflections:
Yellow
Chemistry of Hiärneite
Mindat Formula:
Ca2Zr4Mn3+SbTiO16
formula revised due to acceptance of the proposal 21-G; formerly given as: (Ca,Mn,Na)2(Zr,Mn3+)5(Sb,Ti,Fe)2O16
formula revised due to acceptance of the proposal 21-G; formerly given as: (Ca,Mn,Na)2(Zr,Mn3+)5(Sb,Ti,Fe)2O16
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Hiärneite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/acd
Setting:
I41/acd
Cell Parameters:
a = 15.264(1) Å, c = 10.089(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.661
Unit Cell V:
2,350.63 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.45 Å | (40) |
| 2.92 Å | (100) |
| 2.539 Å | (60) |
| 1.792 Å | (90) |
| 1.534 Å | (80) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Hiärneite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Single grains and in aggregates up to 0.5 mm wide. Individual crystals are subhedral, with a short-prismatic habit, and do not exceed 200 microns their greatest dimension.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History, under the catalogue number 920766.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Skarn
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Hiärneite
Other Language Names for Hiärneite
Relationship of Hiärneite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Calzirtite Group:
| Calzirtite | Ca2Zr5Ti2O16 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd |
| Tazheranite | (Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Hiärneite associated with 'Manganophyllite' | K(Fe,Mg,Mn)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DL. | Xianhuaite-(La) | K2LaNb5O15 |
| 4.DL. | Xianhuaite-(Ce) | K2CeNb5O15 |
| 4.DL.05 | Uraninite | UO2 |
| 4.DL.05 | Aeschynite Group | AD2O6 |
| 4.DL.05 | Zirkelite | (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x |
| 4.DL.05 | Thorianite | ThO2 |
| 4.DL.05 | Cerianite-(Ce) | Ce4+O2 |
| 4.DL.10 | Tazheranite | (Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)2 |
| 4.DL.10 | Calzirtite | Ca2Zr5Ti2O16 |
| 4.DL.15 | Vorlanite | Ca(U6+)O4 |
Fluorescence of Hiärneite
None
Other Information
Notes:
The mineral is insoluble in cold mineral acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hiärneite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6994.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Hiärneite
Reference List:
Holtstam, Dan (1997) Hiärneite, a new, Zr-Sb oxide mineral isostructural with calzirtite, from Långban, Sweden. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9 (4) 843-848 doi:10.1127/ejm/9/4/0843
Jambor, John L., Roberts, Andrew C. (1998) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 83 (3-4) 400-403
Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2021) CNMNC Newsletter 64. IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) Mineralogical Magazine, 86 (1) 178-182 doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.93
Localities for Hiärneite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Sweden (TL) | |
| Holtstam (1997) +2 other references |
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Långban Mine, Långban Ore District, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden