Yiɣi chaŋ yɛligu maŋamaŋa puuni

Couscous

Diyila Dagbani Wikipedia
Couscous
Yaɣ sheliconvenience food, flour-based food, staple food Mali niŋ
Zuliya wuhibuseksu Mali niŋ
KaliBerbers Mali niŋ
Tingbani shɛli din yinaMaghreb, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania, Algeria Mali niŋ
Binyɛra ka bɛ zaŋ namliAlkama, vegetable, nimdi Mali niŋ
Intangible cultural heritage statusRepresentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Mali niŋ
URL buɣisibuhttps://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/01602, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/01602, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/01602 Mali niŋ
CuisineBerber (Amazigh) cuisine, Algerian cuisine, Tunisian cuisine, Moroccan cuisine, Mauritania cuisine Mali niŋ
 

ƐCouscous ( Tanzania)nyɛla kali zaŋ ti Africa wuluŋ puhili polo bindirigu[1][2] shɛli bini zaŋ semolina n niŋ shɛli, bini kpilisi semolina[3] zaɣa kpili bihi ka waali, bi diri dimini ʒiɛri ni durigu. Chi, za bulgur ni bin bira shɛŋa din bɛ ka  ŋɔ nima ka di duɣibu nyɛ yim di yi kana West Africa, ka binidiri shɛli din yɛn yina di duɣibu maa nyaaga nyɛ bini bolindi shɛli  couscous anashara silini, French mini Hassaniya Arabic puuni.[4]

Couscous nyɛla bindiri shɛli din kuli beni Saha shɛli kam Maghrebi bindira puuni Algeria tingbanni, Tunisia, Mauritania, Morocco, ni Libya[5][6]. Bɛ daa zaŋ li mi ma pahi French mini Europe nima bindira ni twentieth century piligu,[7] ka di nyɛla French colonial empire mini Pieds-Noirs of Algeria nima tuma ni daa bala.[8][9][10]

Di yibu shee na

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Lala bachi ŋo maa "couscous" (din nyɛ cuscus bee kuskus) daa nyɛla bɛ ni tu baŋ shɛli yɛla 17th century piligu French puuni, di yi kana Arabnim gba polo, kaskasa polo di nyɛla tuobu ( to pound),[11]Ka di nyɛla din yi Berber na. Bachi ŋɔ Sekus nyɛla dihi tabili ni bɛni ni di bɛla Berber balibu ni kamani kabyle mini Ruffians ka Saharan Berber balibu kamani Touareg mini Ghadames nyɛla din waligi bɛla ka chɛ keskesu.

María Teresa Santamaría Hernández, ni lala musulim yuli maa kuskūs, daa yuuni n kpe gbana ni 13th century maa saha ka di nyɛla Al-Andalus n daa sabili niŋ, ka di ni tooi wuhi di gbunni ni nyɛ shɛli bachi nima puuni *coscosus. Lala Latin bachi namdili ŋo maa nyɛla din yibu na shee tinsi pam, ka di nyɛ zaɣ' gɔm nee zaɣ' kpulli. Ka lahi zaŋ ti ni niɛma kamani tambaɣinsi,sambarisi ni ŋan pahi pah.

Taarihi

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Algeria nim ni zaŋ kabylia n duɣi couscous shɛli

Lala bindirigu ŋɔ maa yinima shee na dii mi ne. Binyɛra shɛŋa din be couscoussiers nyɛla bɛ ni nyɛ shɛli Tichitt culture sites din be Mauritania wulinpuhili polo ka di dabisa nyɛ 700-400 BCE, shɛli polo bɛ ni daa kɔri za ka mali li n duɣiri couscous. Bindirigu taarihi baŋda Lucie Bolens dihi tabili ni couscous daa yimina saha wɔɣila ha, ni Masinissa ban daa beni ancient kingdom din daa be Numidia[2][12] saha ŋɔ din pa nyɛ Algeria maa.[13][14] maa saha maa ha. Ŋnan shɛŋa bini mali n duɣiri couscoussiers nyɛla bini daa nyɛ shɛŋa 3rd century BC, Berber Naa n ti Numidia zamani, Kabylia, Algeria.[15][16] Duɣili ŋman shɛŋa din ŋmani couscoussier zaŋ labi 9th century puuni daa nyɛla bini nyɛ shɛli Tiaret, Algeria.  Couscoussier yuuni 12 century puuni daa nyɛla din bɛ Igiliz, din bɛ Sous Morocco zoli zuɣu.[17]

Bindirigu taarihi baŋda, Maxime Rodinson daa nyɛla couscous duɣibu 13th century Arabic duɣibu buku puuni Kitab al-Wusla ila al-Habib, ka Ayyubid sabili, Arabic duɣibu buku Kitab al tabikh ni Ibn Razin al-Tujibi's Fadalat al-khiwan gba mali di duɣibu dinni.[14]

Di duɣibu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
paɣa malila semolina n niŋdi couscous

Couscous  nyɛla bini zaŋdi semolina n niŋdi shɛli, lala ʒi ( drum wheat) maa yaɣa shɛli din kpɛm maa (alikama ni puuni lala dini maa n nyɛ din kpem pam), din baɣisibu to ayi zaŋ baɣasi kuɣuli. A ni niŋ kom n yohi Semolina ka zaŋ Anuhi n kpilisili zaɣa bihi , a ni niŋ zim kuma n yuɣisili din yɛn chɛ ka di bi tabili taba, ka zaŋ mataŋkali n jahili. Di poripora maa nyɛla din yɛn yi mataŋkali maa ni ka bi labi n kpilisili n pahi ka lahi ni zim n yoɣusi. A ni niŋ lala hali ka di zaa ti sahi dini bori shɛm. Kali puuni bini yɛn ni couscous,  salo nyɛla ban yɛn laɣim na n ti niŋli pam, bini zaŋ dabisa n niŋ ka bi diɛli ka di kuugi kabi zaŋ zali n mali duɣira chiri gbaliŋ. Bini zaŋ nuhi n niŋ couscous shɛli maa nyɛla bini niŋdi kom n niŋdi shɛli diyi kana di duɣibu polo. A ni niŋ kom n mahigili ka duɣili ʒiɛri ni hali ni a ni borili ni di bali shɛm. Tiŋ shɛŋa puuni couscous nyɛla bini zaŋdi farina bee coarsely ground barley  bee pearl millet.

Saha ŋɔ bi mali machina n niŋdi couscouse ŋɔ, ka di nyɛ bini kohiri shɛli duniya zaa. Lala couscous nyɛla ani tooi Waagi shɛli ka nayi zaŋli n niŋ kom ni n duɣi. Couscous yi duɣi vinyɛliga di nyɛla di bala ka berigi di ka girigima.

duɣu shɛli bini mali n niŋdi couscous

North African nim zaŋ di binshɛli bini bolindi food steamer la (bini bolindi shɛli taseksut Berber balli nimaa, a كِسْكَاس kiskas Arabic puuni bee couscoussier French puuni). bini zaŋ duɣu shɛli din galisi ka bɛ ka kpam duɣu maa , din ka bi zaŋdi nimdi mini vari vari n niŋda n duɣili kamani ʒiɛri maa. Lala duɣu maa zuɣu bini zaŋ tahashɛli bini chibi di gbeni n tam di zuɣu, din ni ka bi yɛn zaŋ couscous maa n niŋ duɣi,  di nyɛla ʒiɛri maa gulisigu ni yɛn kperi shɛli . Lala tahali maa liŋ maa nyɛla din yɛn mali voya din yɛn chɛ ka gulisigu maa too yira. Voya maa ni baribara a ni tooi mahigi binchɛra kom ka zaŋli n pobili.

Bini pa kohiri couscous shɛŋa western grocery shitori puuni maa nyɛla bini waagi shɛŋa da diɛli. Din zuɣu  ani yɛn duɣili a kuliyan zahimla kom tulim kamani 1.5 n niŋ din ni  bee bimim, n pahi a ni zahim couscous shɛli maa ka pobili vinyɛliga n zali kamani minti 5. Bini pun waagi couscous shɛli duɣibu bi diri saha kamani couscous maŋli, pasta shɛli din kuugi bee  ʒi kuma kamini (shinkaafa) . Saha ŋɔ European grocery shitori nim ni mini dabihi ni bi pa laɣimdi couscous ni vari vari din bɛ kunkonanim ni n ti pahi nimdi zuɣu. Couscous nyɛla bini tooi diri shɛli france yaɣa shɛli Maghreb ban daa go n chaŋ ni maa ni zaŋ shɛli n wuhiba,[18] ka nyɛ binidirigu shɛli bini daa piigi n pahi ata yuuni 2011 vihigu puuni.[19][20]

Recognition

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

yuuni 2020 puuni Algeria Mauritania Morocco mini Tunisia nim daa nyɛla bini baŋ shɛba yɛla bi baŋsim, bini mi shɛm ka tooi niŋdi binshɛŋa zaŋ jɛndi couscous malibu mini di dibu ni daa nyɛla ban pahi Intangible Cultural Heritage of Human n ti UNESCO  ni gbaŋ puuni. Tiŋsi dibaa anahi ŋɔ ni daa tim nu n zaŋ lala bindirigu ŋɔ n wuhi salo maa  daa nyɛla din wuhiri nagbani yini shɛli din bɛ tiŋduya ni puuni.[21][22]

Balibu

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Algeria tiŋgbani couscous din yi Biskra na
Mauritania nim couscous ni laakumi nimdi
Morocco nim couscous ni Tfaya n ti pahi noo nim chimda
Morocco nim couscous ni vari vari, nimdi mini tfaya
Tunisia nim ni zaŋ zahim n niŋ couscous shɛli

Couscous zaɣa maŋli nyɛla din nyɛ 2mm di yi kana di waɣalim polo. Amaa di mali din bara n garili kamani (3mm bee ka si gari) ka bi bolindi li berkoukes, n ti pahi din bi bari pam kamani 1mm). Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia mini Libya,  di nyɛla bini diri shɛli ni varivari kamani ( carrots, potatoes mini turnips) ka bi duɣiri  li ka di ni nyaɣasim, bee broth bee kpam saha shɛŋa ni nimdi  kamani ( noo nimdi, pɛiɣu nimdi bee bu nimdi)

Algeria

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Couscous nyɛla kali bindiri kpeni Algeria tigbani, ka di yi kana Algeria binidira ni di nyɛla bindiri kpani. Di nyɛla bini diri shɛli ni varivari, nimdi bee zahim. Algeria puuni couscous nyɛla di nyɛla din mali balibu.

Egypt

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Egypt puuni couscous nyɛla bi kali puuni binidiri shɛli bini duɣiri ka dira ka di nyɛ bi ''sweet dish'', ka di nyɛ din bɛ di ko ka chɛ  couscous bindira din yina North Afrika yaɣali maa . Di nyɛla bini tooi diri shɛli asibasi nagbaŋsuuli, yuŋ binidiri shɛli din bi timsa   bee ka bi zali n zali desert zaani. Di duɣibu ani zaŋ waali bee ka a zaŋ couscous n luhi magirim din nyɛligi ni mini ko tulim ni, din nyaaga a ni tooi niŋ bin nyɛɣisa balibu kam n pahi di zuɣu kamani sikiri, cinnamon, kpaakpa zim, raisins  mini assorted nut kamani almonds, walnutsbee hazelnut. Di bali shɛŋa ni bi tooi niŋdi bihim shɛli bini boli condensed milk maa n pahira.[23]

Libya

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Libya puuni couscouse nyɛla bini diri shɛli ni piɛɣu nimdi ( amaa saha shɛŋa bi niŋdi laakumi nimdi bee nahu nimdi) Tripoli mini Libya western yaɣali, amaa bi bi duɣirili churi ni  bee amiliya yili. Bi tooi lahi nyɛla bi dessert. Bi duɣirili ni dɔbino, zinzam mini shiri zuɣu ka bi bolindi  maghrood.

Malta

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Malta puuni, pasta kpeli bihi din bari bɛla n gari couscous nyɛla bini mi shɛli kusksu. Bi tooi mali niŋdi bindiri shɛli din gba yuli bolindi lala, ka di nyɛ bini zaŋ tuya n niŋ shɛli  (Maltese puuni bi mi li ful) mini gbejniet, bi gba kali puuni cheese n bala.[24]

Mauritania

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Mauritania puuni couscous maa nyɛla bini mali alikama ʒi kara n niŋdi shɛli,ka di nyɛ din sabigi n gari Morocco nim couscous shɛli din nyɛ zaɣa dozim maa. Di nyɛla bini duɣiri shɛli ni piɛɣu nimdi,nahu nimdi bee laakumi nimdi n ti pahi varivari zuɣu alibalisa, kamantoosi mini carrots ka bi zaŋ li n gabi ʒiɛri puuni ka gbahili ni ghee bini mi shɛli dhen maa.

Morocco

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Morocco puuni couscous bi kali binidirigu kpani shɛli bini diri alizuma shɛŋa din lu yuuni pirigili chuɣu la . Bi ni tooi diri couscous  shɛli bini diri ni varivari maa, ka bi tooi niŋdi nahu nimdi, piɛɣu nimdi bee noo nimdi n pahiri di zuɣu, varivari din waagi kamani carrots, turnips , pumpkin, zucchini mini cabbage n fi pahi chickpeas. Di balishɛli bini lahi niŋdi  n pahira n nyɛ couscous tfaya, di nyɛla din nyɛɣisa , din n nyɛ bini waari semolina ka niŋ nimdi n pahi n ti pahi alibalisa , raisins, cinnamon  almonds shɛli din chim.[25] Bi tooi gbari li n niŋdi laa shɛli bini zaŋ yaɣari n mali ka bolindi Gsaa.

Tunisia

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Tunisia tiŋgbani, couscous nyɛla din niŋ ',spicy', ka bi mali jarissa ʒiɛri n niŋdili ka si nyɛ bini tooi diri shɛli ni varivari ni nimdi kamani piɛɣu nimdi, zahim, kuligini bindira, nahu nimdi ka saha shɛli (southern regions puuni) bi zaŋdi laakumi nimdi n duɣiri li. Zahim couscous nyɛla Tunisia nim ni bori shɛli pamka bi tooi mali zahim kamani octopus squid bee koluligini binkɔbiri maa shɛŋa n niŋdi ʒiɛri din tula,k ka moha, ka lahi nyɛɣisa. Couscous lahi nyɛla bi dessert  saha shɛŋa. Bi bolindili masfuf. Masfuf nyɛla bini niŋdi  raisins , grapes bee pomegranate ʒi.

West Africa

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Sahel tiŋgbani, couscous shɛli  bini zaŋdi za bee kaʒiɛɣu n niŋdi shɛli n nyɛ di yoli, ka nyɛ bi bindiri kpani. Bi tooi duɣirili ni Maana bee baobab vari din yɛn chɛ ka di tooi tum n ti niŋgbina. A ni tooi lahi gabi couscous mini yogurt din yɛn chɛ ka din ni Chakary, dessert bee snack.

Binidiri shɛŋa din gbani li

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
Senegal nim couscous (thiere) ni piɛɣu nimdi
Mafroul, Palestine nim couscous shɛli bini zaŋ bulgur n duɣi

Couscous nyɛla bini zaŋ alikama zim n niŋ, bi ni kpelisi li zaɣa bihi ka di waligi din ko ka chɛ pasta, hali pasta kamani orzo mini risoni din mini li barilim nyɛ yim maa, bini zaŋ alikama zim n niŋshɛ ka poɣuli maa. Couscous mini past nyɛla din mali alaafee binbora yini, hali din kuli ni ka pasta nyɛ bi bala maa zaa yoli.

Duniya nyaga zuɣu binidira pam nyɛla bini kpelisiri shɛŋa, kamani couscous kpilimda din yi za bee chi zim ni na bee binbilida shɛŋa sin dabisa ni na.

  • Attiéké: nyɛla Côte d'lvoire mini tiŋ shɛŋa din gili West Africa ni maa binidirigu, ka bi mali banchi shɛli bini wurigi n niŋdi shɛli.
  • Dambou: nyɛla binidiri shɛli din bɛ ka couscous maa n bɛ Nigeria tiŋgbani. Bi tooi mali semolina n niŋdili diyi nyɛ chuɣu bee zama din kpem dali, amaa bi tooi mali shinkaafa za bee chi  n niŋdili. Moringa vari nyɛla bini mali shɛli n pahiri lala binidirigu maa zuɣu.[26] France puuni  lala Nigeria nim bindirigu ŋɔ nyɛla bini kpeɣi shɛli  amaa ka di waligi.(bi bolindi couscous aux èpinards) di n nyɛ Maghreb-syle couscous din n tooi bɛni, ka bi tooi mali spinach n zalindi Moringa zaa shɛi.[27]
  • Fregula nyɛla pasta balishɛli di yi Sardinia ni na. Di nyɛla din bɛ kamani North African Berkoukes mini Middle Eastern Moghrabieh. Fregula nyɛla din kana ka di barilim maa nyɛ balibu a maa ka di kuli nyɛla semolina zim din ŋuri ka bi kpilisira zaɣa kpila kamani 2mm hali ni 3mm din barilim ni ka bi zaŋ oven n duɣili.
  • Kouskousaki: (koʋókoʋóàkι( Greek puuni)bee kuskus ( Turkey puuni)) nyɛla pasta n yi Greece mini Turkey ni na, din nyɛ bini duɣiri shɛli ka diri dimini cheese mini walnuts.[28]
  • Wusu-Wusu: di nyɛla couscous shɛli bini zaŋ fonio n duɣiri shɛli Gbɛngbɛ tiŋsi din bɛ Nigeria tiŋgbani,  Benin, Togo mini Ghana.

Cuscuz

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Cuscuz ( Portuguese bilibu ni [Kus'kus]) nyɛla bindiri shɛli din bɛ couscous bini niŋdi shɛli northeast region yaɣali Brazil. Di nyɛla bini zaŋdi kawana zim n niŋdi shɛli ka di yi tula bi dirili ni nimdi, di mi yi maagi bi dirili ni bihim.[29] Di yi kana São Paulo tiŋgbani, di zaɣa gahindili bɛni ka ni bolindili cuscuz-paulistanyɛla bini zaŋ kawana zim, kamantoosi ʒiɛri, kamantoosi ŋajira,olive oil, gali duɣiran ti pahi ʒiɛvari kamani peas, kawan malisa, heart palm mini sardine. Bi tooi lahi duɣiri binidirigu ŋɔ maa ni noo nimdi, tuna bee shrimp. Ʒiɛvari maa zaa nyɛla bini yɛn laɣim shɛli n niŋ duɣu ni n duɣi.

Moghrabieh

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Levant puuni, binidiri shɛli bini mi maghrabieh  nyɛla bini mali semolina zim n iŋdi shɛli amaa ka din nyɛ bini kpilimdi zaɣa kpili kara ka bi mali n duɣiri binidirigu tiŋsi kamani Jordan, Lebanon mini Syria.[30] Bi zaŋdili n pahiri ʒiɛri ni n duɣira bee ka bi ni cinnamon n pahi di zuɣu n duɣi ka bi diri dimini noo nimdi mini chickpeas broth.[31][32]

Maftoul

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Palestine nim maftoul bini zaŋ granules shɛli niŋli maa nyɛla din bari n gari North Africa dini amaa ka lɛi pora n gari moghrabieh pearls din ŋuna nuhi ka bi zaŋ n kpilisili, bulgur ka bɛ lɛbigiri zim. Bini lohili kom ni poi ka nayi kpilisili. Bi kpilisili n naagi bini waali ka dɛli ka di kuugi din yɛn chɛ ka dini tooi zani.[33][34][35][36] Bi mali semolina, zim pɛili bee zim maŋli n niŋdi di shɛŋa, kpam gba nyɛla bini tooi niŋdi shɛli n pahira. Din nyɛ nuhi ka bi mali n niŋdili maa di chɛmi ka di barilim maa mini di bɛ shɛm maa pa yim a yi yɛn zaŋ li n maɣasi moghrabieh mini binidiri shɛŋa din bɛ kali maa.[36] Di gba nyɛla bini diri shɛli ni noo nimdi mini broths. ''Maftoul'' nyɛla Laribanchili bachi shɛli bini yihina ''fa-ta-la'' ni na ka di gbeni nyɛ kpilisibu bee milisibu, ka di buɣisiri bini zaŋ nuhi n bilisi li maa zuɣu.[37] Di nyɛla bini dihi shɛli n tabili ni di daa nyɛla din bɛni yuuni 1907 la saha,  Elihu Grant's Peasantry of Palestine.

Binidiri shɛŋa din gba yuli bolindi lala

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]

Israeli couscous nyɛla bini kpelim shɛŋa ka chim li, ka di binyoma mini di duɣibu soya waligi ka chɛ couscous.

Kundivihira

[mali niŋ | mali mi di yibu sheena n-niŋ]
  1. ↑ Couscous | Definition, Ingredients, & Preparation | Britannica (en) (2026-06-02).
  2. 1 2 Chemache, Loucif (2018-09). "Couscous: Ethnic making and consumption patterns in the Northeast of Algeria" (in en-US). Journal of Ethnic Foods 5 (3): 211–219. DOI:10.1016/j.jef.2018.08.002. ISSN 2352-6181.
  3. ↑ Shulman, Martha Rose (2009-02-23). "Couscous: Just Don’t Call It Pasta" (en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/health/23recipehealth.html.
  4. ↑ Advanced Solutions International, Inc.. Sign In (en).
  5. ↑ Naylor, Phillip Chiviges (2015). Historical dictionary of Algeria. Historical dictionaries of Africa (Fourth edition ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8108-7918-8. |edition= has extra text (help)
  6. ↑ Shulman, Martha Rose (2009-02-23). "Couscous: Just Don’t Call It Pasta" (en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/24/health/23recipehealth.html.
  7. ↑ Sainéan, L. (1921). "L'HISTOIRE NATURELLE DANS L'OEUVRE DE RABELAIS (8 e et dernier article)". Revue du Seizième siècle 8 (1/2): 1–41. ISSN 0151-1823.
  8. ↑ Wagda, Marin (1997). "L'histoire d'une migration culinaire". Hommes & Migrations 1207 (1): 163–166. DOI:10.3406/homig.1997.2982.
  9. ↑ Tabois, Stéphanie (2005). "Cuisiner le passé. Souvenirs et pratiques culinaires des exilés pieds-noirs". Diasporas. Histoire et sociétés 7 (1): 81–91. DOI:10.3406/diasp.2005.1016.
  10. ↑ Albert-Llorca, Marlène (2004). "La mémoire des Pieds-noirs : une transmission impossible ?". Horizons Maghrébins - Le droit à la mémoire 51 (1): 169–176. DOI:10.3406/horma.2004.2250.
  11. ↑ "Centre de Recherche Berbère", Wikipedia (in English), 2025-11-24, retrieved 2026-07-12
  12. ↑ Hammami, Rifka (2022-03-22). "Durum Wheat Couscous Grains: An Ethnic Mediterranean Food at the Interface of Traditional Domestic Preparation and Industrial Manufacturing". Foods 11 (7): 902. DOI:10.3390/foods11070902. ISSN 2304-8158. PMID 35406989.
  13. ↑ La cuisine andalouse, un art de vivre.
  14. 1 2 Couscous | Encyclopedia.com (en).
  15. ↑ Chemache, Loucif (2018-09). "Couscous: Ethnic making and consumption patterns in the Northeast of Algeria" (in en-US). Journal of Ethnic Foods 5 (3): 211–219. DOI:10.1016/j.jef.2018.08.002. ISSN 2352-6181.
  16. ↑ Can North Africa unite over couscous? (en) (2018-02-13).
  17. ↑ n2:2820-6908 - Search Results.
  18. ↑ French abandon traditional cuisine in favour of couscous (en-GB).
  19. ↑ http://www.think.eu, TH_NK,. Les plats préférés des Français (en).
  20. ↑ "Magret is the No1 dish for French". https://www.connexionfrance.com. http://www.connexionfrance.com/article/Archive/Magret-is-the-No1-dish-for-French.
  21. ↑ UNESCO - Knowledge, know-how and practices pertaining to the production and consumption of couscous (en).
  22. ↑ Couscous joins intangible heritage list (en).
  23. ↑ "Pasta for Dessert?! Egyptian-style Sweet Couscous" (en-US). Fulbright Feasting. 2011-03-12. https://fulbrightfeasting.wordpress.com/2011/03/12/egyptian-couscous/.
  24. ↑ "Kusksu - A traditional Maltese soup made with broad beans, peas and giant couscous. - A Maltese Mouthful" (en-US). A Maltese Mouthful. 2016-01-05. https://www.amaltesemouthful.com/kusksu-beautiful-maltese-soup-start-new-year/.
  25. ↑ Benlafquih, Christine (2017-10-06). Moroccan Couscous with Seven Vegetables - Couscous Bidaoui (en-US).
  26. ↑ Adaptive Farms, Resilient Tables: Building secure food systems and celebrating distinct culinary traditions in a world of climate uncertainty (en).
  27. ↑ Sophie. Couscous aux épinards - Dambou (Niger) - Recettes végétales (fr-FR).
  28. ↑ Hammami, Rifka; Sissons, Mike (2020), Igrejas, Gilberto; Ikeda, Tatsuya M.; Guzmán, Carlos (eds.), "Durum Wheat Products, Couscous", Wheat Quality For Improving Processing And Human Health (in English), Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 347–367, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34163-3_15, ISBN 978-3-030-34163-3, retrieved 2026-07-13
  29. ↑ Receitas.
  30. ↑ Hutcherson, Aaron (2021-05-14). "A guide to couscous: The history, different types and how to cook with it" (en-US). The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2021/05/14/couscous-moroccan-pearl-israeli/.
  31. ↑ My mother-in-law's moghrabieh is what my family gathers around (en) (2022-04-26).
  32. ↑ Moghrabieh (pearl couscous) (en) (2017-05-19).
  33. ↑ The Ultimate Guide to Palestinian Food (en) (2020-06-10).
  34. ↑ Doja.Daoud. "المفتول الفلسطيني... وجبة الشتاء وجمعة العائلة" (ar-AR). العربي الجديد. https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9.
  35. ↑ Mishan, Ligaya (2020-02-12). "The Rise of Palestinian Food" (en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/12/t-magazine/palestinian-food.html.
  36. 1 2 Ottolenghi, Yotam (2013-04-26). "Yotam Ottolenghi's maftoul recipes" (en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/apr/26/maftoul-couscous-recipes-yotam-ottolenghi.
  37. ↑ Kalla, Joudie (2017-02-09). "Palestinian recipes for maftoul tabbouleh and za’atar chicken" (en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/feb/09/maftoul-tabbouleh-zaatar-chicken-recipe-palestinian-food-joudie-kalla-cook-residency.
Di yila "https://dag.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Couscous&oldid=144938"