April 8
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April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 267 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.[1]
- 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.[2]
- 1139 – Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated by Innocent II for supporting Anacletus II as pope for seven years, even though Roger had already publicly recognized Innocent's claim to the papacy.[3]
- 1143 – Manuel I Komnenos succeeds his father John II Komnenos as Byzantine Emperor.[4]
- 1232 – Mongol–Jin War: The Mongols begin their siege on Kaifeng, the capital of the Jin dynasty.[5]
- 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur.[6]
- 1271 – Fall of Krak des Chevaliers: In Syria, sultan Baibars conquers the Krak des Chevaliers.[7]
1601–1900
[edit]- 1605 – The city of Oulu, Finland, is founded by Charles IX of Sweden.[8]
- 1730 – Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in continental North America, is dedicated.[9]
- 1812 – Czar Alexander I, the Russian Emperor and the Grand Duke of Finland, officially announces the transfer of the status of the Finnish capital from Turku to Helsinki.[10][11]
- 1820 – The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos.[12]
- 1832 – Black Hawk War: Around 300 United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans.[13]
- 1866 – Austro-Prussian War: Italy and Prussia sign a secret alliance against the Austrian Empire.[14]
- 1886 – William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.[15]
- 1895 – In Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. the Supreme Court of the United States declares unapportioned income tax to be unconstitutional.[16][17]
1901–present
[edit]- 1904 – The French Third Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland sign the Entente cordiale.[18]
- 1933 – The Australian state of Western Australia votes to secede from the federation in a non-binding referendum, although efforts to implement the result prove unsuccessful.[19]
- 1940 – The Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party elects Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal as General Secretary, marking the beginning of his 44-year-long tenure as de facto leader of Mongolia.[20]
- 1954 – A Royal Canadian Air Force Canadair Harvard collides with a Trans-Canada Airlines Canadair North Star over Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, killing 37 people.[21]
- 1954 – South African Airways Flight 201: A de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1 crashes into the sea during night killing 21 people.[22]
- 1959 – A team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by Grace Hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called COBOL.[23]
- 1959 – The Organization of American States drafts an agreement to create the Inter-American Development Bank.[24]
- 1960 – The Netherlands and West Germany sign an agreement to negotiate the return of German land annexed by the Dutch in return for 280 million German marks as Wiedergutmachung.[25]
- 1968 – BOAC Flight 712 catches fire shortly after takeoff. As a result of her actions in the accident, Barbara Jane Harrison is awarded a posthumous George Cross, the only GC awarded to a woman in peacetime.[26]
- 1970 – Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing: Israeli bombers strike an Egyptian school. Forty-six children are killed.[27]
- 1974 – Hank Aaron passes Babe Ruth as the all-time leader in career home runs by hitting his 715th home run off of Al Downing at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium.[28]
- 1975 – Voyageurs National Park is established by the U.S. Congress.[29]
- 1990 – The conservative New Democracy party of Constantine Mitsotakis is elected in the Greek parliamentary election.[30]
- 1993 – The Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on mission STS-56.[31]
- 2002 – The Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched on mission STS-110, carrying the S0 truss to the International Space Station. Astronaut Jerry L. Ross also becomes the first person to fly on seven spaceflights.[32]
- 2005 – A solar eclipse occurs, visible over areas of the Pacific Ocean and Latin American countries such as Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Venezuela.[33]
- 2010 – U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev sign the New START Treaty.[34]
- 2014 – Windows XP reaches its standard End Of Life and is no longer supported.[35]
- 2020 – Bernie Sanders ends his presidential campaign, leaving Joe Biden as the Democratic Party's nominee.[36]
- 2024 – Solar eclipse: A total solar eclipse takes place at the Moon's ascending node, visible across North America.[37]
- 2026 – Operation Eternal Darkness: Hours after a ceasefire to the Iran war, Israeli attacks on Lebanon kill at least 357 and injures more than 1200 people in the largest airstrikes of the Lebanon war.[38]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 1320 – Peter I of Portugal (died 1367)
- 1408 – Jadwiga of Lithuania, Polish princess (died 1431)
- 1435 – John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford, English noble (died 1461)[39]
- 1533 – Claudio Merulo, Italian organist and composer (died 1604)[40]
- 1536 – Barbara of Hesse (died 1597)
- 1541 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and archaeologist (died 1593)
- 1580 – William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English noble, courtier and patron of the arts (died 1630)
- 1596 – Juan van der Hamen, Spanish artist (died 1631)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1605 – Philip IV of Spain (died 1665)
- 1605 – Mary Stuart, English-Scottish princess (died 1607)
- 1641 – Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (died 1704)
- 1692 – Giuseppe Tartini, Italian violinist and composer (died 1770)
- 1726 – Lewis Morris, American judge and politician (died 1798)
- 1732 – David Rittenhouse, American astronomer and mathematician (died 1796)
- 1761 – William Joseph Chaminade, French priest, founded the Society of Mary (died 1850)
- 1770 – John Thomas Campbell, Irish-Australian banker and politician (died 1830)
- 1798 – Dionysios Solomos, Greek poet and author (died 1857)
- 1818 – Christian IX, King of Denmark (died 1906)
- 1818 – August Wilhelm von Hofmann, German chemist and academic (died 1892)
- 1826 – Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican soldier (died 1890)
- 1827 – Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican ophthalmologist, journalist, and politician (died 1898)[41]
- 1842 – Elizabeth Bacon Custer, American author and educator (died 1933)
- 1859 – Edmund Husserl, German Jewish-Austrian mathematician and philosopher (died 1938)
- 1864 – Carlos Deltour, French rower and rugby player (died 1920)