Chrysidoidea
| Chrysidoidea Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chrysis viridula | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Suborder: | Apocrita |
| Infraorder: | Aculeata |
| Superfamily: | Chrysidoidea Latreille, 1802 |
| Families | |
The superfamily Chrysidoidea is a very large cosmopolitan group, all of which are parasitoids or cleptoparasites of other insects.[1] There are three large, common families (Bethylidae, Chrysididae, and Dryinidae) and four small, rare families (Embolemidae, Plumariidae, Sclerogibbidae, and Scolebythidae).[2] This superfamily is traditionally considered to be the basal taxon within the Aculeata, and, as such, only a few species can sting.[2] Most wasps in the family are under 3mm in length.[1]
Members of the families Dryinidae and Embolemidae are the only parasitoids among the Hymenoptera to have a life cycle in which the wasp larva begins its life inside the body of the host, and then later forms a sac (called a thylacium) that protrudes out of the host's abdomen.[3] The closely related family Sclerogibbidae contains more traditional ectoparasitoids, attacking the nymphs and adults of webspinners.[2]
The extinct, monotypic family Plumalexiidae was described in 2011 from fossils preserved in Turonian age New Jersey amber.[4]
References
[edit]- 1 2 Goulet, Henri; Huber, John (1993-01-01). "Superfamily Chrysidoidea". Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. pp. 130–146. ISBN 978-0-660-14933-2.
- 1 2 3 Butcher, Buntika A; Quicke, Donald (2023-12-22). "Parasitoid Aculeates - Chrysidoidea". Parasitoid Wasps of South East Asia. GB: CABI. pp. 247–269. doi:10.1079/9781800620605.0000. ISBN 978-1-80062-059-9.
- ↑ Olmi, Massimo; van Harten, Tony (2000-01-01). "Notes on Dryinidae, Embolemidae and Sclerogibbidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) of Yemen, with keys to the species of the Arabian Peninsula". Fauna of Arabia. 21.
- ↑ Brothers, Denis J. (2011). "A new Late Cretaceous family of Hymenoptera, and phylogeny of the Plumariidae and Chrysidoidea (Aculeata)" (PDF). ZooKeys (130): 515–542. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1591. PMC 3260779. PMID 22259297.
External links
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