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Halafta

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Helpetha's tomb in the "Florence Scroll", a c.โ€‰1315 Jewish pilgrimage guide

Helpetha I (Aramaic: ื—ึถืœึฐืคึฐึผืชึธื, romanized:ย 'Helpetha, lit.โ€‰'willow'),[a] commonly mispronounced Halafta, was a rabbi who lived in Sepphoris in the Galilee during the late 1st and early 2nd centuries CE (second generation of tannaim). He was the father of Jose ben Helpetha and Shimon ben Helpetha, also serving as their teacher. He is cited without patronymic or cognomen in the Mishnah, but as Abba Helpetha in the Talmuds.[11]

In Derekh Eretz Rabbah a certain Abba Helpetha cites his father Abba Hagra,[b] and the same Helpetha ben Hagra cites Johanan ben Nuri in t. Bava Kamma 9:31 and b. Shabbat 105b. According to Paul Romanoff, Helpetha I and Helpetha ben Hagra are the same person,[12][13] but most other scholars disagree. Helpetha I is certainly not to be confused with any of the scholars named "Helpetha of Kiruya",[c][14] or with "Helpetha ben Shaul" and "Helpetha of Huna", later scholars.[11] In the printed m. Avot, "Helpetha ben Dosa of Kfar Hananiah", but according to Moses da Rieti, "Helpetha ben Dosa" was from Tamarta, and Helpetha of Kfar Hananiah is Helpetha I.[15]

His descent is traced back to Jonadab the Rechabite.[16] He was a senior contemporary of Gamaliel II and Johanan ben Nuri[17] and conducted a rabbinic school at Sepphoris. Here he introduced some ritual reforms.[18]

Tradition relates that, together with Hananiah ben Teradion and Eleazar ben Mattai, he saw the monuments which Joshua had placed in the Jordan River.[19]

Helpetha seems to have attained an advanced age. He communicated to Gamaliel II an order given by his grandfather Gamaliel I, and which he had himself heard in the last years of Judea's independence;[20] he subsequently participated in the Akavia controversy,[21] and later he is met with in the company of Eleazar ben Azariah, แธคoแบ“pit the Interpreter, Yeshebab, and Johanan ben Nuri, when they were old.[22] But few halakhot are preserved in his name, and most of these were transmitted by his more famous son, Jose.[23]

One of Jose's sons was named Helpetha after his grandfather, but he died young.

References

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  1. โ†‘ "Dรกvid Kaufmann and his collection". kaufmann.mtak.hu. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  2. โ†‘ Oktzin 3:13 in Parma B
  3. โ†‘ "Dรกvid Kaufmann and his collection". kaufmann.mtak.hu. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  4. โ†‘ ื‘ืจ-ืืฉืจ, ืžืฉื” (2009). ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื™ื (in Hebrew). ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง. p.ย 148. ISBNย 978-965-342-991-8.
  5. โ†‘ "Dรกvid Kaufmann and his collection". kaufmann.mtak.hu. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  6. โ†‘ Ya'akov, Doron (2015). ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื“ืจื•ื ืชื™ืžืŸ: ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื’ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” (in Hebrew). ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ืงืจ ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. p.ย 160.
  7. โ†‘ Taanit 2:5 in Parma A
  8. โ†‘ ืจื™ื–ืณื™ืง, ืžื™ื›ืืœ (2008). ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”: ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื (in Hebrew). ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง. p.ย 338. ISBNย 978-965-342-982-6.
  9. โ†‘ "ืกืคืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื | ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™". maagarim.hebrew-academy.org.il. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  10. โ†‘ Leiden Codex, passim; once (Bikkurim 3:11) erroneously written ื—ืœื•ืคืชื. In the Vienna Tosefta, ื—ื™ืœืคืชื Hilpetha.
  11. 1 2 "Seder HaDorot, Tanaim and Amoraim 1323:1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  12. โ†‘ ืจื•ืžื ื•ื‘, ืคื™ื ื—ืก (1936). ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (in Hebrew). ื”ืžืืกืฃ ื—ื•ืจื‘. p.ย 127.
  13. โ†‘ Romanoff, Paul (1935). "Onomasticon of Palestine". Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research. 7: 147โ€“227. doi:10.2307/3622261. ISSNย 0065-6798. JSTORย 3622261.
  14. โ†‘ "Introductions to Tanaitic Literature, Introduction to Halakhic Midrashim, Halakhic Midrash 71". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  15. โ†‘ Rieti), Moses ben Isaac (of; Rieti, Moses ben Isaac da (1851). ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜: ... [ืฉื™ืจ ื“ื™ื“ืงืชื™ ื›ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื ื˜ื™] (in Hebrew). ื“ืคื•ืก ืืœืžื ืช ื™"ืค ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื’ืขืจ. pp.ย 77v, 81r.
  16. โ†‘ Yerushalmi Ta'anit 4 68a; Genesis Rabbah 118:4
  17. โ†‘ Tosefta Shabbat 13(14):2; Tosefta Ma'aser Sheni 1:13
  18. โ†‘ Ta'anit 2:5; Rosh Hashana 27a
  19. โ†‘ Sotah 34a
  20. โ†‘ Shabbat 115a
  21. โ†‘ see "R. E. J." 41 41
  22. โ†‘ Tosefta Kelim, Bava Batra 2:2
  23. โ†‘ Kilaim 26:6; Tosefta Ma'aser Sheni 1:13; Tosefta Bava Batra 2:10; Tosefta Ohalot 5:8; Bekhorot 26a
  1. โ†‘ [1][2][3][4] Also ื—ึทืœึฐืคึฐึผืชึธื 'Halpetha,[5][6] ื—ึณืœึฐืคึฐึผืชึธื” 'Holpetha,[7][8] or ื–/ื—ืœืคื•ืชื.[9][10]
  2. โ†‘ MS ื’ืจื, ื—ื™ื’ืจื, ืื’ืจื, ื’ืžื“ื”. Vilna (mis?)prints ื—ื’ืจืช.
  3. โ†‘ In the Vienna Tosefta, Makhshirin 3:2: ื—ื™ืœืคืชื ื‘ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ื”. In the editio princeps (misprinted?): ื—ื™ืœืคืชื ื‘ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ื—. In Samson of Sens (6:2): ื—ืœืคืชื ื‘ืŸ ืงื•ื ื™ื. In Menahem Meiri's introduction to Avot, editio princeps: ื—ืœืคืชื ื‘ืŸ ืงื‘ื™ื ื”, MS ืงืจื™ื ื. Can perhaps be identified with the ืื‘ื ื—ืœื™ืคื/ื—ืœืคื™ื™/ื—ื™ืœืคื™/ื—ื™ืœืคื™ื™/ื—ื™ืœืคื/ื—ืœืงื™ื” who was ืžืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ื/ืงื™ืจื•ื™ื/ืงืจื•ื™ื/ืงื•ืจื™ื™ื” or ื‘ืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ื/ืงืจื•ื™ื”, mentioned in y. Maaser Sheni 4:1, b. Bava Batra 123a, t. Maaser Sheni 4:2, Bereishit Rabbah passim, etc. See Ratner, Ahavat Zion Virushalayim vol. XII p. 183, but the citations appear to vary widely in date.


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