Hemiptera

Ny Hemiptera dia filaharana lehibe ao amin' ny bibikely (Insecta), izay ao anatin' ny zana-kilasy Pterygota, ao amin' ny fizaràna Neoptera, ary ao amin' ny renifilaharana Paraneoptera. Ahitana karazana bibikely efa ho 100 000 eo ho eo ity fklaharana ity, ka ny ankamaroany dia mivelona amin' ny fitsntsefana ranon-javamaniry mikoriana ao amin' ny flôema, anisan' izy ireo ny Cicadidae (jorery), ny Aphidoidea, ny Coccoidea, ary ny karazana bibikely ao amn' ny zana-pilaharana Heteroptera. Efa nisy nandritra ny 250 tapitrisa taona mahery io filaharana io.

Anisan' ny ahafantarana ny mpikambana ao amin' ity filaharana ity ny vavany miova ho fitaovana fitsentsefana manindrona sy lava izay misy vaniny mifampitohy, ny fananany elatra roa sosona roa. Ny 90% amin' ny karazana fantatra ao aminy dia mihinana zavamaniry. Na izany aza, maro ihany koa ny karazana mihinana bibikely sy mpitsentsitra ra.

Fanasokajiana

Lisitry ny zana-pilaharana

Inty ny lisitry ny zana-pilaharana miisa efatra ao amin' ny Hemiptera:

Auchenorrhyncha Duméril, 1806
Coleorrhyncha Myers & China, 1929
Heteroptera Latreille, 1810
Sternorrhyncha Duméril, 1806

Ny Auchenorrhyncha sy ny Heteroptera ary ny Sternorrhyncha no manana karazana hita eto Madagasikara.

Lisitry ny fianakaviana

Inty ny lisitry ny fianakaviana miisa 237 ao amin' ny Hemiptera araka ny BioLib (8 Oktobra 2020):

Acanaloniidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Acanthosomatidae Signoret, 1863
Achilidae Stål, 1866
Achilixiidae Muir, 1923
Aclerdidae Ferris, 1937
Adelgidae Schouteden, 1909
Aenictopecheidae Usinger, 1932
Aepophilidae Puton, 1879
Aetalionidae Spinola, 1850
Aleyrodidae Westwood, 1840
Alydidae Amyot & Serville, 1843
Anoeciinae
Anthocephalidae Kaddumi, 2005 †
Anthocoridae Fieber, 1837
Aphalaridae Löw, 1879
Aphelocheiridae Fieber, 1851
Aphididae
Aphrophoridae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Aradidae Brullé, 1836
Archegocimicidae Handlirsch, 1906 †
Arnoldidae †
Artheneidae Stål, 1872
Asterolecaniidae Cockerell, 1896
Beesoniidae Ferris, 1950
Belostomatidae Leach, 1815
Berytidae Fieber, 1851
Biturritiidae
Blissidae Stål, 1862
Caliscelidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Callipappidae
Calophyidae Vondráček, 1957
Canopidae McAtee & Malloch, 1928
Carayonemidae
Carsidaridae Crawford, 1911
Ceratocombidae Fieber, 1860
Cercopidae Westwood, 1838
Ceresopseidae Becker-Migdisova, 1958
Cerococcidae Balachowsky, 1942
Cicadellidae Latreille, 1802
Cicadidae Latreille, 1802
Cicadopsyllidae Martynov, 1931 †
Cimicidae Latreille, 1802
Cixiidae Spinola, 1839
Clastopteridae Dohrn, 1859
Coccidae Fallén, 1814
Coelostomidiidae
Coleoscytidae Martynov, 1935 †
Colobathristidae Stål, 1865
Conchaspididae
Coreidae Leach, 1815
Corixidae Leach, 1815
Cryptorhamphidae Hamid, 1971
Cuneocoridae Handlirsch, 1927 †
Curaliidae Schuh, Weirauch & Henry, 2008
Cydnidae Billberg, 1820
Cymidae Baerensprung, 1860
Dactylopiidae
Delphacidae Leach, 1815
Derbidae Spinola, 1839
Diaspididae
Dictyopharidae Spinola, 1839
Dinidoridae Stål, 1868
Dipsocoridae Dohrn, 1859
Dorytocidae Emeljanov & Shcherbakov, 2018 †
Dysmorphoptilidae Handlirsch, 1906 †
Ebboidae Perrichot & al., 2006
Electrococcidae †
Elektraphididae Steffan, 1968 †
Enicocephalidae Stål, 1860
Eocimicidae Handlirsch, 1906 †
Epipygidae Hamilton, 2001
Eriococcidae
Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862
Flatidae Spinola, 1839
Fulgoridae Latreille, 1807
Fulgoridiidae Handlirsch, 1939 †
Galgulidae Westwood, 1840
Gelastocoridae Kirkaldy, 1897
Gengidae Fennah, 1949
Geocoridae Baerensprung, 1860
Gerridae Leach, 1815
Grimaldiellidae †
Grohnidae †
Hadrocoridae Handlirsch, 1920 †
Halimococcidae
Hammanococcidae †
Hebridae Amyot & Serville, 1843
Helotrephidae Esaki & China, 1927
Henicocoridae Woodward, 1968
Hermatobatidae Coutière & Martin, 1901
Heterogastridae Stål, 1872
Hispanocaderidae Golub & Popov, 2012 †
Homotomidae Heslop-Harrison, 1958
Hydrometridae Billberg, 1820
Hyocephalidae Stål, 1874
Hypochthonellidae China & Fennah, 1952
Hypsipterygidae Drake, 1961
Idiostolidae Scudder, 1962
Ignotingidae Zhang, Golub, Popov & Shcherbakov, 2005 †
Inkaidae †
Issidae Spinola, 1839
Jersicoccidae †
Joppeicidae Reuter, 1910
Jubisentidae Zhang, Ren & Yao, 2019 †
Kermesidae Signoret, 1875
Kerriidae
Kinnaridae Muir, 1925
Kobdocoridae Popov, 1986 †
Kukaspididae †
Kuwaniidae MacGillivray, 1921
Labiococcidae †
Lalacidae Hamilton, 1990 †
Largidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Lebanococcidae †
Lecanodiaspididae
Leptaphelocheiridae Polhemus, 2000 †
Leptopodidae Brullé, 1836
Lestoniidae China, 1955
Liadopsyllidae Martynov, 1927 †
Lithuanicoccidae †
Liviidae Löw, 1879
Lophopidae Stål, 1866
Lyctocoridae Reuter, 1884
Lygaeidae Schilling, 1829
Macroveliidae McKinstry, 1942
Madeoveliidae Poisson, 1959
Malcidae Stål, 1865
Malmopsyllidae Bekker-Migdisova, 1985 †
Marchalinidae
Margarodidae Newstead, 1901
Matsucoccidae
Meenoplidae Fieber, 1872
Megarididae McAtee & Malloch, 1928
Melizoderidae
Membracidae Rafinesque, 1815
Meschiidae Malipatil, 2014
Mesopentacoridae Popov, 1968 †
Mesotrephidae Popov, 1971 †
Mesoveliidae Douglas & Scott, 1867
Mesozoicaphididae Heie, 1992 †
Micrococcidae
Microphysidae Dohrn, 1859
Mimarachnidae Shcherbakov, 2007 †
Miridae Hahn, 1833
Monophlebidae
Myerslopiidae Evans, 1957
Nabidae A. Costa, 1853
Naucoridae Leach, 1815
Neazoniidae Szwedo, 2007 †
Neopsylloididae Bekker-Migdisova, 1985 †
Nepidae Latreille, 1802
Ninidae Barber, 1956
Nogodinidae Melichar, 1898
Notonectidae Latreille, 1802
Ochteridae Kirkaldy, 1906
Omaniidae Cobben, 1970
Ortheziidae
Oxycarenidae Stål, 1862
Pachymeridiidae Handlirsch, 1906 †
Pachynomidae Stål, 1873
Palaeoleptidae Poinar & Buckley, 2009 †
Palaeontinidae Handlirsch, 1906 †
Paraphrynoveliidae Andersen, 1978
Parastrachiidae Oshanin, 1922
Peloridiidae Breddin, 1897
Pennygullaniidae †
Pentatomidae Leach, 1815
Perforissidae Shcherbakov, 2007 †
Phacopteronidae Heslop-Harrison, 1958
Phenacoleachiidae
Phloeidae Dallas, 1851
Phoenicococcidae
Phylloxeridae
Piesmatidae Amyot & Serville, 1843
Pityococcidae
Plataspididae Dallas, 1851
Pleidae Fieber, 1851
Plokiophilidae China, 1953
Polyctenidae Westwood, 1874
Potamocoridae Usinger, 1941
Primipentatomidae Yao, Cai, Rider & Ren, 2013 †
Probascanionidae Handlirsch, 1921 †
Progonocimicidae Handlirsch, 1906 †
Propreocoridae Popov, Dolling & Whalley, 1994 †
Protocoridae Handlirsch, 1906 †
Protopsyllidiidae †
Pseudococcidae
Pseudonerthridae Martins-Neto & Goodwyn, 2005 †
Psyllidae Latreille, 1807
Pterocimicidae Popov & al., 1994 †
Putoidae
Pyrrhocoridae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Qiyangiricaniidae Szwedo, Wang & Zhang, 2011 †
Reduviidae Latreille, 1807
Rhopalidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Rhyparochromidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Ricaniidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Saldidae Amyot & Serville, 1843
Scaphocoridae Popov, 1968 †
Schizopteridae Reuter, 1891
Scutelleridae Leach, 1815
Scytinopteridae Handlirsch, 1906 †
Serafinidae †
Shurabellidae Popov, 1971 †
Steingeliidae
Stemmocryptidae Štys, 1983
Stenocephalidae Dallas, 1852
Stenoviciidae Evans, 1956 †
Stictococcidae
Stigmacoccidae
Surijokocixiidae Shcherbakov, 2000 †
Taimyrocoridae Popov, 2016 †
Termitaphididae Myers, 1924
Tessaratomidae Stål, 1864
Tettigarctidae Distant, 1905
Tettigometridae Germar, 1821
Thaumastellidae Seidenstücker, 1960
Thaumastocoridae Kirkaldy, 1908
Thyreocoridae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
Tingidae Laporte, 1832
Torrirostratidae Yao & al., 2014 †
Triassocoridae Tillyard, 1922 †
Triozidae Löw, 1879
Trisegmentatidae Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994 †
Tropiduchidae Stål, 1866
Ulopidae
Urostylididae Dallas, 1851
Veliidae Brullé, 1836
Velocipedidae Bergroth, 1891
Venicoridae Yao & al., 2012 †
Vetanthocoridae Yao & al., 2006 †
Weitschatidae †
Weiwoboidae Lin, Szwedo, Huang & Stroinski, 2010 †
Xishanidae Hong, 1981 †
Xylococcidae Pergrande, 1898
Yetkhatidae Song, Szwedo & Bourgoin, 2019 †
Yuripopovinidae Azar, Nel, Engel, Garrouste & Matocq, 2011 †

Fianakaviana hita eto Madagasikara

Miisa mihoatra ny 70 ny fianakaviana ao amin' ny Hemiptera eto Madagasikara:

Acanthosomatidae (ohatra: vondron-karazana Mahea sy Noualhieridia)
Achilidae (ohatra: Emeljanocarinus gargantua)
Aleyrodidae (ohatra: Bemisia manihotis)
Alydidae (ohatra: vondron-karazana Mirpeus)
Anthocoridae
Aphididae
Aradidae
Asterolecaniidae
Belostomatidae
Berytidae
Caliscelidae
Calophyidae
Ceratocombidae
Cercopidae
Cerococcidae
Cicadellidae
Cicadidae (ahitana ny jorery)
Cimicidae (ahitana ny apongo)
Cixiidae
Coccidae (les cochenilles)
Conchaspididae
Coreidae
Corixidae
Cydnidae
Delphacidae
Derbidae (ohatra: Paraphenice fluctus)
Diaspididae
Dictyopharidae
Enicocephalidae
Eriococcidae
Eurybrachidae
Flatidae (ohatra: Phromnia rosea)
Fulgoridae
Gelastocoridae
Gerridae
Hebridae
Helotrephidae
Hydrometridae
Issidae
Lecanodiaspididae
Lygaeidae
Margarodidae
Meenoplidae
Membracidae
Mesoveliidae
Miridae
Nabidae
Naucoridae
Nepidae
Notonectidae
Notonectidae
Ortheziidae
Parastrachiidae (hita teto amin' ny Nosy tamin' ny alalan' ny Dismegistus madagascariensis)
Pentatomidae
Phylloxeridae
Piesmatidae
Plataspidae
Pleidae
Plokiophilidae (ohatra: Plokiophiloides steineri, Embiophila)
Pseudococcidae
Psyllidae
Pyrrhocoridae
Reduviidae
Rhopalidae
Rhyparochromidae
Ricaniidae
Saldidae
Schizopteridae
Scutelleridae
Tessaratomidae
Tingidae
Triozidae
Tropiduchidae
Veliidae

Jereo koa

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