1472 Explained

Year 1472 (MCDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January - March

• January 22  - The Great Comet of 1472 passes within 0.07 astronomical units of Earth (6.507 million miles or 10.472 million km), the closest approach in recorded history for a great comet^[1]
• February 20  - Orkney and Shetland are returned by Norway to Scotland, as a result of a defaulted dowry payment.^[2]
• March 4  - A mount of piety is established in Siena (Italy), origin of Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, the world's oldest surviving retail bank.^[3]
• March 11  - The Great Comet of 1472 is observed from the Earth for the last time as it flies away from Earth in the direction of the constellation of Cetus.^[1]

April - June

• April 11  - The first printed edition of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy is published in Foligno.^[4]
• May 27  - An alliance agreement is signed between Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine, with Charles pledging his daughter, Mary of Burgundy, to marry Nicholas. The agreement comes at the same time that King Ferdinand I of Naples had been negotiating the engagement of Mary of Burgundy to Frederick, prince of Naples.^[5]
• May 31  - The Treaty of Prenzlau is signed between Albert III, Elector of Brandenburg, and the two Dukes of Pomerania, Eric II and Wartislaw X, surrendering the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin to Albert's control and ending the eight-year-long War of the Succession of Stettin.^[6]
• June 1  - Sophia Palaiologina is married by proxy to the ruler of Russia, Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, in a ceremony at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, with his trusted emissary Ivan Fryazin serving as the proxy.^[7]
• June 4  - Shah Suwar, formerly the ruler much of southeastern Turkey as prince of the Beylik of Dulkadir, surrenders to the Egyptian Mamluk General Yashbak min Mahdi after an 11-day siege.^[8] He is brought out of the Castle of Zamantu, restrained by a robe with a metal collar with chains and his guards are unable to rescue him. Suwar's older brother, Shah Budak, is returned to the throne of Dulkadir
• June 16  - Volterra, a town in the Republic of Florence in Italy, surrenders after a siege of 25 days by Florentine soldiers under the command of Federico da Montefeltro. Because the town had rebelled against the power of Lorenzo de' Medici, da Montefeltro allows his soldiers on June 18 to pillage Volterra and to commit rape and murder of its citizens.^[9]
• June  - Leonardo da Vinci is admitted as a master in his own right to the artists' Guild of Saint Luke in Florence. An entry is made in the register of the Compagnia di San Luca reading "Anno Domini 1472— Leonardo, son of Ser Piero da Vinci, painter, to pay the sum of 6 sol, for the whole month of June 1472, for the remittance of his debt to the Company until July 1472... and to pay for the whole of November 1472, 5 sol due on 18 October 1472."^[10]

July - September

• July 3  - The Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Saint Peter in York, England, commonly known as York Minster, is declared complete and consecrated.^[11]
• August 19  - King Edward IV summons the members of the English Parliament to assemble at Westminster on October 6.
• September 11  - The Treaty of Chateaugiron is concluded between King Edward IV of England and the Duchy of Brittany, providing for an English invasion of either Gascony or Normandy by April 1, 1473.^[12]

October - December

• October 6  - King Edward IV of England gives royal assent to the Statute of Westminster 1472 which requires, effective immediately, a tax of four bow staves per every tun (252 wine gallons) of cargo brought in by a ship to an English port.^[13] The Statute is passed to remedy a shortage of yew wood, from which longbows are made, following the issuing of an edict in 1470 requiring compulsory training for soldiers to use the longbow.^[14]
• October 28  - The Catalan Civil War comes to an end as Barcelona surrenders to King Juan II of Aragon with the signing of the Capitulation of Pedralbes by the rebel leader Hugh Roger III of Pallars Sobirà, guaranteeing the rights of the Principality of Catalonia in return for allegiance to the Kingdom of Aragon.^[15]
• November 5  - Duke Nicholas of Lorraine and Duke Charles of Burgundy agree that the engagement between Nicholas and Charles's daughter can be called off without jeopardizing the alliance between the two duchies.^[5]
• December 31  - The city council of Amsterdam prohibits snowball fights: "Neymant en moet met sneecluyten werpen nocht maecht noch wijf noch manspersoon." ("No one shall throw with snowballs, neither men nor (unmarried) women.")

Undated

• The Kingdom of Fez ruling the modern nation of Morocco, is founded by the Wattasid dynasty with Sultan Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya as its first ruler.^[16]
• An extensive slave trade begins in modern Cameroon as the Portuguese sail up the Wouri River and Fernão do Po claims the central-African islands Bioko and Annobón for Portugal.^[17]
• The first printing of Thomas à Kempis' The Imitation of Christ (De Imitatione Christi) is made in Augsburg after Kempis's death in 1471^[18] it will reach 100 editions and translations by the end of the century.^[19]
• Johannes de Sacrobosco's De sphaera mundi (written c. 1230) is first published in Ferrara, the first printed astronomical book.
• Pietro d'Abano's medical texts Conciliator differentiarum quae inter philosophos et medicos versantur and De venenis eorumque remediis (written before 1315) are first published.

• The possible discovery of the island of "Bacalao" (which some historians believe to have been Newfoundland off North America, 20 years before Christopher Columbus had arrived in the "New World") is made by João Vaz Corte-Real. The suggestion that Corte-Real found lands that he called the "Terras do Bacalhau" (and was granted lands in the Azores by the king of Portugal as a result) will be advanced by Italian writer Gaspar Frutuoso a century later in his work Saudades da Terra, although the reliability of Frutuoso's 1570 book is questioned by later historians because of the book's misinformation on other matters.

Births

• January 17  - Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, Italian condottiero and Duke of Urbino (d. 1508)
• February 15  - Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (d. 1503)
• March 28  - Fra Bartolomeo, Italian artist (d. 1517)^[20]
• April 5  - Bianca Maria Sforza, Pavian-born Holy Roman Empress as consort to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1510)^[21]
• April 10  - Margaret of York, English princess (d. 1472)^[22]
• May 31  - Érard de La Marck, prince-bishop of Liège (d. 1538)
• August 11  - Nikolaus von Schönberg, German Catholic cardinal (d. 1537)
• October 19  - John Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1545)
• October 31  - Wang Yangming, Chinese Neo-Confucian scholar (d. 1529)
• November 24  - Pietro Torrigiano, Italian sculptor of the Florentine school (d. 1528)
• December 10  - Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk (d. 1481)
• date unknown
  • Lucas Cranach the Elder, German painter (d. 1553)^[23]
  • Alfonsina Orsini, Regent of Florence (d. 1520)
  • Barbro Stigsdotter, Swedish noblewoman and heroine (d. 1528)

Deaths

• March 30  - Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (b. 1435)
• April 25  - Leon Battista Alberti, Italian painter, poet and philosopher (b. 1404)^[24]
• May 24  - Charles de Valois, Duke de Berry, French noble (b. 1446)
• May 30  - Jacquetta of Luxembourg, English duchess, daughter of Pierre de Luxembourg (b. 1416)^[25]
• June 4  - Nezahualcoyotl, Aztec poet (b. 1402)
• July 15  - Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1429–1472) (b. 1423)
• July 25  - Charles of Artois, Count of Eu, French military leader (b. 1394)
• November 18  - Basilios Bessarion, Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1403)
• December 11  - Margaret of York, English princess (b. 1472)^[22]
• date unknown  - Afanasy Nikitin, Russian traveller
• probable
  • Thomas Boyd, Earl of Arran
  • Hayne van Ghizeghem, Flemish composer (b. c. 1445)
  • Michelozzo, Italian architect and sculptor (b. c. 1396)

Notes and References

1. Book: Seargeant, David A.. The Greatest Comets in History. New York. Springer. 2009. 978-0-38709-513-4.
2. Book: Royal Historical Society (Great Britain). Guides and Handbooks. 1939. Royal Historical Society. 208.
3. banca_mps. 440841275668176896. 2014-03-04. 4 marzo 1472 – 4 marzo 2014 Buon compleanno, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena.
4. Book: Kleinhenz, Christopher. Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. 1. Routledge. 2004. 0-415-93930-5. 360.
5. Web site: Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Lorraine,Dom Augustin Calmet, Chez Jean-Baptiste Cusson, Nancy, 1728, pages 892-894 . Google livres . 29 April 2014. Calmet . Augustin .
6. Ingo Materna, Wolfgang Ribbe, Kurt Adamy, Brandenburgische Geschichte, Akademie Verlag, 1995, p.206,,
7. William Miller, Essays on the Latin Orient (Cambridge University Press, 1921) pp. 508–509
8. Book: Yinanç, Refet . Dulkadir Beyliği . 1989 . Turkish Historical Society Press . 9751601711 . Ankara . tr . 21676736.
9. Cecil H. Clough, The Duchy of Urbino in the Renaissance (Variorum Reprints, 1981) p.136
10. Web site: 2019-03-20. Leonardo da Vinci: The Master's Master. The Eclectic Light Company. 2022-08-26.
11. Web site: York Minster FAQs. 2007-11-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20071116120700/http://www.yorkminster.org/general/faqs/. 2007-11-16.
12. J. R. Lander, Government and Community: England, 1450-1509 (Harvard University Press, 1980) p.284
13. Statutes at Large: From Magna Carta to 1800 (Great Britain, 1762)
14. Web site: Taxus baccata: The English Yew Tree . Eric . Bell . 2019-04-04 . 2019-04-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190404084009/http://parishes.lincolnshire.gov.uk/Files/Parish/31/yew_tree_in_Burton.pdf . dead .
15. Ferran Soldevila, Història de Catalunya, p.772
16. Book: Muzaffar Husain. Syed. Syed Saud. Akhtar. B. D.. Usmani. Concise History of Islam. 2011. New Delhi. Vij Books. 978-9381411094. 150.
17. Book: Bailey Wallys. Diffie. Boyd C.. Shafer. George Davison. Winius . Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580 . U of Minnesota Press . Minneapolis . 1977 . 978-0-8166-0782-2 .
18. Book: Tylenda, Joseph N.. The Imitation of Christ. 1998. Vintage Spiritual Classics. 978-0-375-70018-7. xxvii.
19. Book: Creasy, William C.. The Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis: A New Reading of the 1441 Latin Autograph Manuscript. 2007. Mercer University Press. 9780881460971. xi.
20. Book: Russell LeRoi Bohr. The Italian Drawings in the E.B. Crocker Art Gallery Collection, Sacramento, California. 1958. University of California, Berkeley. 35.
21. Web site: Bianca Maria Sforza, regina dei Romani e imperatrice. Treccani. it. 2022-08-26.
22. Book: Sir James Henry Ramsay. Lancaster and York: A Century of English History (A.D. 1399-1485). 1892. Clarendon Press. 469.
23. Book: Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). The Jack and Belle Linsky Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1984. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 978-0-87099-370-1. 101.
24. Book: Solitudo: Spaces and Places of Solitude in Late Medieval and Early Modern Cultures. 1 June 2018. BRILL. 978-90-04-36743-2. 393.
25. Book: The Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage & Companionage of the British Empire. 1907. 103.