List of wars involving Iraq explained

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Iraq and its predecessor states.

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Iraqi losses		Head of State	Prime Minister
				Military	Civilians
Mesopotamian Campaign (1914–1918; World War I)	Al-Muntafiq Union Kurdish tribes Arab tribes	Australia Kuwait Assyrian volunteers	Allied victory Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire	~89,500	~35,500	Mehmed VI (Ottoman rule)	Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (Ottoman rule)
Mahmud Barzanji Revolts (1919–1924)	Mandatory Iraq RAF Iraq Command Assyrian levies	Kurdish state Barzinja tenantry and tribesmen Hamavand tribe Sections of the Jaf, Jabbari, Sheykh Bizayni and Shuan tribes ---- Kingdom of Kurdistan Kurdish National Army	British-Assyrian victory Kingdom of Kurdistan abolished in 1924 Sheykh Mahmud retreats to underground Iraqi Kurdistan merged into Mandatory Iraq (1926) Kingdom of Kurdistan reconquered by the British	?	?	Before 1920: Sir Percy Cox (British High Commissioner) After 1920: King Faisal I	Before 1920: Sir Percy Cox (British High Commissioner) After 1920: Abd Al-Rahman Al-Gillani
Iraqi War of Independence (1920)	Iraqi rebels Al-ʽAhd Haras Al-Istiqlal Arab tribesmen Kurdish tribesmen	United Kingdom Iraq Levies	British victory Anglo-Iraqi treaty Creation of Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration[1] [2]	6,000–10,000	2,050–4,000	None
Ikhwan revolt (1927–1930)	House of Saud Allied Arab clans ---- United Kingdom Kuwait Allied Arab clans	Otaibah Mutayr Ajman	Allied victory	2,000 killed in total		Faisal I of Iraq	Faisal bin Sultan
Yazidi Revolt (1935)	Kingdom of Iraq	Yazidi tribes	Revolts suppressed Sinjar mountains put under military control	?	?	Ghazi of Iraq	Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi
Iraqi Shia Revolts (1935–1936)	Kingdom of Iraq	Iraqi Shia tribesmen Ikha Party	Revolts suppressed	~500
Iraqi Coup D'état (1941)	Iraq	Golden Square	Golden Square victory Overthrow of government of 'Abd al-Ilah Formation of National Defence Government British intervention in Iraq	?		Faisal II of Iraq	Taha al-Hashimi
Anglo-Iraqi War (1941 WWII)	(Golden Square) Military support:	United Kingdom Assyrian levies Air and naval support: Greece	Allied victory Rebellion suppressed	~500	?	Sherif Sharaf	Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
Barzani Revolt (1943–1945)	Kingdom of Iraq	Barzani tribesmen Allied Kurdish tribes	Iraqi victory Revolt suppressed	?		Faisal II of Iraq	Nuri al-Said
Al-Wathbah Uprising (1948)	Iraqi Police	Student Cooperation Committee (communists) Progressive DemocratsPopulists Kurdish Democrats Student wings of the National Democratic Party and the Independence Party	Victory Restoration of order More demonstrations in spring 1948	300–400			Mohammad Hassan al-Sadr
First Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949)	: All-Palestine Protectorate Holy War Army Syria Lebanon Saudi Arabia[3] Irregulars: Arab Liberation Army Al-Najjada Holy War Army	Israel Before 26 May 1948: Yishuv Paramilitary groups: Haganah Palmach Hish Him Irgun Lehi Allied Bedouin tribes[4] [5] After 26 May 1948: Israel Defense Forces Minorities Unit Foreign volunteers: Mahal	Defeat Arab League invasion of former Mandatory Palestine repelled 1949 Armistice Agreements Establishment of the State of Israel, Jordanian annexation of the West Bank, Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight Beginning of the Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency	?	None		Muzahim al-Pachachi
14 July Revolution (1958)	Arab Federation Royal Guard Supported by: Jordan	Free Officers 19th Brigade 20th Brigade	Free Officers Victory Overthrow of the Iraqi monarchy Death of King Faisal II and his family Execution of Prince Abd al-Ilah Execution of Prime Minister Nuri al-Said End of the Hashemite dynasty in Iraq End of the Arab Federation Establishment of the Iraqi Republic	~100			Nuri al-Said
Mosul Uprising (1959)	Iraqi Government	Arab nationalists Supported by: [6] United States[7]	Attempted coup fails Iraq remains outside of the UAR Degradation in Iraq-UAR relations Iraqi Communists increase in power Iraqi Ba'athists begin to increase in strength	2,426		Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i	Abd al-Karim Qasim
First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–1970)	Before 1968: Iraq Syria (1963) Supported by: United States (from 1963)[8] After 1968: Ba'athist Iraq	KDP Yazidis Assyrians Supported by: Iran[9] Israel United States (alleged)	Military stalemate[10] Several Iraqi offensives intended to suppress the Kurdish rebellion fail Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement Arabization program continued Second Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1974	~10,000	?
Ramadan Revolution (1963)	Iraqi Government Iraqi Communist Party	Iraqi Ba'ath Party Supported by: United States[11] [12]	Iraqi Ba'athist victory Overthrow of Abd al-Karim Qasim Establishment of Ba'athist government	100
Ar-Rashid Revolt (1963)	Iraqi Government Ba'ath Party Ba'ath National Guard Militia	Iraqi Communist Party Iraqi Army	Coup attempt defeated Revolt suppressed	1+		Abdul Salam Arif	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
November coup d'état (1963)	Ba'athists	Nasserists	Nasserist victory Overthrow of Ba'ath Party government * Establishment of pro-Nasserist government Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr became Vice President of Iraq	250
Six-Day War (1967)	Iraq[13]		Defeat Israel occupies a total of 70000km2 of territory: The Golan Heights from Syria The West Bank including East Jerusalem from Jordan The Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt[14] [15]	10	None	Abdul Rahman Arif	Abdul Rahman Arif
17 July Revolution	Iraqi Government	Iraqi Ba'ath Party Iraqi Armed ForcesSupported by: United States (alleged)	Ba’ath victory Overthrow of Abdul Rahman Arif and Tahir Yahya Establishment of Ba'athist Iraq		Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Yom Kippur War (1973)		Israel	Defeat[16] Invasion of Israeli-held territories repelled Agreement on Disengagement and Egypt–Israel peace treaty[17]	278	None	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–1975)	Iraq Supported by: [18]	KDP Yazidis[19] Iran Supported by: Israel[20] United States	Iraqi victory KDP military and strategic failure Peshmerga fighting ability destroyed KDP–Iraq cease-fire Failed PUK low-level insurgency Iran withdrew its support for KDP 1975 Algiers Agreement Iraqi government reinstates full control over Kurdish-majority territories	7,000	?
Arvand Conflict (1974–1975)	Iraq	Iran KDP	Iranian victory 1975 Algiers Agreement[21] Iraq cedes half of the Arvand River to Iran Iran cedes territory around Zain al Qaws and Saif Saad to Iraq Iraqi federal government reinstates full control over Kurdish-majority territories Tensions between Iran and Iraq escalate into a full-scale war in 1980			Saddam Hussein	Saddam Hussein
Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)	---- DRFLA MEK NCRI PKDI[22] Salvation Force[23] Arab volunteers	---- KDP PUK ISCI Islamic Dawa Party [24] Shia volunteers	Inconclusive Status quo ante bellum	105,000 375,000	~100,000
Invasion of Kuwait (1990)	Iraqi Republic	Kuwait	Iraqi victory UNSC Resolution 660 condemns invasion on 2 August UNSC Resolution 661 imposes international sanctions against Iraq and declares Kuwait's right to self-defence on 6 August UNSC Resolution 662 designates Iraqi occupation/annexation of Kuwait as illegal on 9 August UNSC Resolution 665 authorizes naval blockade against Iraq on 25 August Iraq establishes the "Republic of Kuwait" on 2 August and annexes it on 28 August Northern Kuwait becomes the Saddamiyat al-Mitla' District within Iraq's Basra Governorate Southern Kuwait becomes Iraq's Kuwait Governorate	295+	None
Gulf War (1990–1991)		<	-- DESCENDING SORTED BY THE NUMBER OF MILITARY PERSONNEL OF EACH COUNTRY Source are references listed in the "Coalition of the Gulf War" article in Wikipedia-->----	Coalition victory State of Kuwait resumes self-governance over all Kuwaiti sovereign territory Establishment of a demilitarized zone and construction of a separation barrier along the Iraq–Kuwait border	20,000–35,000			3,664
1991 Iraqi uprisings (1991)	Ba'ath Party Iraqi Army Republican Guard Special Republican Guard Popular Army General Security Intelligence Service Special Security ----Support: MEK	Shia and leftist elements of opposition: SCIRI/Badr Brigades Dawa Communist Party Pro-Syrian Ba'athists Army deserters/defectors Diplomatic Support: United States Military Support	Iraqi government military victory (Southern Front) Imposition of the Iraqi no-fly zones by United States, United Kingdom and France	~5,000	80,000–230,000
		Kurdish rebels: Peshmerga: KDP PUK IMK CPK Jash deserters/defectors PDKI ----Diplomatic Support: United States Military Support	Government Military Victory (Northern Front) Establishment of Kurdistan Region, facilitated by the imposition of the Iraqi no-fly zones by United States, United Kingdom and France
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1995–1996)	KDP Supported by: Iraq (from 1995) Turkey (from 1997) (before 1995)	PUK PKK[25] SCIRI KCP Iraqi National Congress Supported by: (from 1995) Syria United States (1996)	Washington Agreement PKK moved to Qandil mountains from Bekaa Valley	?
Bombing of Iraq (1998)		United States United States Armed Forces	Coalition military success Politically inconclusive Much of Iraqi military infrastructure destroyed Iraq bars weapon inspectors from returning Iraq begins shooting at British and American planes in the Iraqi no-fly zones	1,400[26] (KIA or WIA)	?
Second Sadr Uprising (1999)	Iraq Iraqi Armed Forces Republican Guard[27] Fedayeen Saddam Ba'ath Party	Rebels: SCIRI / Badr Dawa[28]	Iraqi government victory Uprising suppressed	40+	200+[29]
Iraq War (2003–2011)	Invasion (2003) Republic of Iraq MEK	Invasion (2003) Coalition of the willing Kurdistan Region	Defeat (Phase 1) Overthrow of Ba'ath Party-led regime (and execution of Saddam Hussein in 2006)	7,600–10,800	151,000–1,033,000+
	After invasion (2003–11) MNF–I (2003–09) Awakening Council	After invasion (2003–11) Al-Qaeda in Iraq Islamic Army in Iraq Islamic State of Iraq Mahdi Army Naqshbandi Army Hamas of Iraq Jaysh al-Mujahideen 1920 Revolution Brigades Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna	Government victory (Phase 2) Re-establishment of democratic elections U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement Escalation of sectarian insurgency (leading to the rise of ISIL and re-escalation of war beginning in 2013)	17,690		Jalal Talabani	Nouri al-Maliki
War in Iraq (2013–17)	Iraq[30] Iraqi Armed Forces Iraqi Ground Forces Iraqi Air Force CTS-ISOF Popular Mobilization Forces Assyrian Forces (Iraqi command) Federal Police Kurdistan Region Peshmerga Zeravani Kurdistan Region Security Council CTG Kurdistan Parastin u Zanyari Assyrian Forces (Kurdish command) Allied groups: Sinjar Alliance PKK[31] Kurdish National Council[32] Iraqi Communist Party Various self-defense groups Others: Liwa Zainebiyoun Syria[33] ---- United Kingdom Canada[34] [35] Australia[36] New Zealand[37] [38] [39]	Islamic State Sunni Insurgent Factions (2012–2015) Naqshbandi Army Army of Pride and Dignity[40] Hamas of Iraq Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance GMCIR (2014) Free Iraqi Army (2013–2014) Islamic Army in Iraq (2013–2014) 1920 Revolution Brigades (2013–2015)[41] Anbar Tribal Council (2013–2015)	Iraqi and allied victory[42]	25,000+	67,000+	Fuad Masum	Haider al-Abadi
2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (2017)	Iraq Supported by: [43]	Kurdistan Regional Government PDKI[44] PAK[45] ---- White Flags (alleged)[46]	Iraqi victory Iraqi government forces defeat the Peshmerga and capture 20% of the territory controlled by the Kurdistan Region including the city of Kirkuk, along with the surrounding oil fields and border crossings.[47]	None	None
Iraqi Insurgency (2017–present)	Iraq Iraqi Federal Police Iraqi Armed Forces Special Operations Forces (SOF) Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) Tribal Mobilization[48] Islamic Resistance in Iraq Supported by: Iran Rojava (cross-border cooperation since May 2018)[49] Supported by: CJTF-OIR United States United Kingdom France ---- Peshmerga Supported by: Netherlands[50]	Islamic State White Flags (2017–2018)	Ongoing as a hit-and-run campaign	2,254+	None
Iraqi intervention in the Syrian Civil War (2017–2019)	Iraq Syria	ISIL	Victory ISIL loses remaining territory in Syria	None	None	Barham Salih	Adil Abdul-Mahdi

Other armed conflicts involving Iraq

• Wars during Mandatory Iraq
• Smaller conflicts, revolutions, coups and periphery conflicts
  • Simele massacre 1933
  • Joint Operation Arvand 1969, Iranian show of force that Iraq did not resist
  • Kurdish rebellion of 1983 (part of Iran–Iraq War)
  • Iraqi no-fly zones conflict, 1991–2003
  • Kurdistan Islamist conflict, 2001–2004 (fought on Iraqi territory, but with no Iraqi involvement)

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Notes and References

1. Wright . Quincy . The Government of Iraq . . 20 . 4 . 1926 . 743–769 . 1945423.
2. https://biblio-archive.unog.ch/Dateien/CouncilMSD/C-216-M-77-1926-VI_BI.pdf See original documents here
3. Gelber, pp. 55, 200, 239
4. Palestine Post, "Israel's Bedouin Warriors", Gene Dison, August 12, 1948
5. News: Bedouin army trackers scale Israel social ladder . AFP . Al Arabiya English . 24 April 2013 . . 7 May 2015 . 31 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220331084908/https://english.alarabiya.net/perspective/profiles/2013/04/24/Bedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder- . live.
6. Web site: Mosul Revolt, 1958–1959 . TXT . 1 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150404/http://www.usc.edu/dept/ancntr/Paris-in-LA/Database/Case-DB/Kuw-In-61-63/DIS58A10.TXT . 2 April 2015 . dead . dmy-all.
7. Web site: Exclusive: Saddam key in early CIA plot – UPI.com . 2024-06-13 . UPI . en.
8. Wolfe-Hunnicutt . B. . 2015 . Embracing Regime Change in Iraq: American Foreign Policy and the 1963 Coup d'etat in Baghdad . Diplomatic History . en . 39 . 1 . 98–125 . 10.1093/dh/dht121 . 0145-2096 . Despite massive political, economic, and military aid to the fledgling Ba'thist government—including the provision of napalm weapons to assist the regime in what the Embassy regarded as a 'genocidal' counterinsurgency campaign in Iraqi Kurdistan—the first Ba'thist regime in Iraq proved 'not long for this world,' in the words of a rather gleeful British Ambassador. The Ba'th presided over a nine-month reign of terror, and the scale of the party’s brutality shocked Iraqi sensibilities. Moreover, the Ba'th's association—in the public mind—with the American CIA only hastened its demise. In mid-November 1963, less than nine months after taking power, the Ba'th's rivals in the Iraqi Army deposed the Ba'th and rejoined Qasim's challenge to the IPC. . subscription.

9. "As the IPC moved in opposition to Qasim, Israeli and Iranian covert assistance began to pour into Iraqi Kurdistan... Kurdish representatives reached out to the US embassy for the same... Available documentation does not prove conclusively that the United States provided covert assistance to the Kurds in the fall of 1962, but the documents that have been declassified are certainly suggestive—especially in light of the general US policy orientation toward Iraq during this period."

10. "Due to Qasim's distrust of the Iraqi army, he refused to properly arm it, leading to a military stalemate with the Kurds."

11. Matthews . Weldon C. . 9 November 2011 . The Kennedy Administration, Counterinsurgency, and Iraq's First Ba'thist Regime . . en . 43 . 4 . 635–653 . 10.1017/S0020743811000882 . 159490612 . 0020-7438 . subscription.
12. Web site: Wolfe-Hunnicutt . Brandon . 20 July 2018 . Essential Readings: The United States and Iraq before Saddam Hussein's Rule . .
13. News: Krauthammer . Charles . Prelude to the Six Days . The Washington Post . 20 June 2008 . 18 May 2007 . 0740-5421 . A23 . 24 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190724024352/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/17/AR2007051701976.html . live.
14. Web site: Milestones: 1961–1968 . Office of the Historian . 30 November 2018 . Between June 5 and June 10, Israel defeated Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights . https://web.archive.org/web/20181023065030/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/arab-israeli-war-1967 . 23 October 2018 . live.
15. Weill . Sharon . The judicial arm of the occupation: the Israeli military courts in the occupied territories . International Review of the Red Cross . 89 . 866 . 2007 . 401 . On 7 June 1967, the day the occupation started, Military Proclamation No. 2 was issued, endowing the area commander with full legislative, executive, and judicial authorities over the West Bank and declaring that the law in force prior to the occupation remained in force as long as it did not contradict new military orders. . 1816-3831 . 10.1017/s1816383107001142 . 55988443.
16. References:
    • Herzog, The War of Atonement, Little, Brown and Company, 1975. Forward
    • Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, Yom Kippur War, Doubleday and Company, 1974, page 450
    • Luttwak and Horowitz, The Israeli Army. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Abt Books, 1983
    • Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War, Schocken Books, 2004. Page 498
    • Revisiting The Yom Kippur War, P. R. Kumaraswamy, pages 1–2
    • Johnson and Tierney, Failing To Win, Perception of Victory and Defeat in International Politics. Page 177
    • Charles Liebman, "The Myth of Defeat: The Memory of the Yom Kippur war in Israeli Society" Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 29, No. 3, July 1993. Published by Frank Cass, London. Page 411.
17. News: How We Used to Do It – American diplomacy in the . Loyola . Mario . 7 October 2013 . . 1 . 2 December 2013.
18. Web site: 17. Iraq/Kurds (1932–present).
19. Çoğalan, Aydın (2017). Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building and the Struggle for Recognition. Lexington Books. p. 100. Google Books
20. Web site: 18. Iraq/Kurds (1932–present).
21. News: C. R. . Jonathan . 11 April 1980 . Iraq Expelling 20,000 Iranians Following Border Clashes . 9 September 2023 . The Washington Post.

22. "Throughout much of the 1980s, the KDPI received aid from the Ba'thi regime of Saddam Hussein, but Ghassemlou broke with Baghdad in 1988 after Iraq used chemical weapons against Kurds in Halabja and then forced Kurdish villagers to..."

23. van Bruinessen . Martin . Martin van Bruinessen . 15 August 1986 . The Naqshbandi Order as a Vehicle of Political Protest among the Kurds (With Some Comparative Notes on Indonesia) . New Approaches in Islamic Studies . Jakarta . . 1–3 . Academia.edu . 19 July 2023 . 16 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230816190924/https://www.academia.edu/10965366 . live.
24. Web site: The Iranian Roots of Hizbullah . https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103949/http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808 . 11 February 2009 . Nimrod Raphaeli . 11 February 2009 . MEMRI.
25. The KDP-PUK Conflict in Northern Iraq . 4328927 . Michael M. . Gunter . Middle East Journal . 50 . 2 . 1996 . 224–241 . Middle East Institute.
26. Rossiter, Mike, Target Basra, Corgi, 2009, p. 210
27. News: Religion: The curse of Saddam City . Alexander Smoltczyk . Spiegel Online . 28 April 2003 . 17 August 2013.
28. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c22535,459bb2cb21,3ae6a9cd10,0,,,IRQ.html Amnesty International, Iraq: Victims of Systematic Repression, 24 November 1999, MDE 14/010/1999
29. News: Sadr the agitator: like father, like son . Dan Murphy . The Christian Science Monitor . 27 April 2004 . 1 February 2013.
30. News: How effective is Isis compared with the Iraqi army and Kurdish peshmerga? . The Guardian . 12 June 2014 . 14 August 2019 . Beaumont . Peter.
31. News: YNK: PKK and YPG are fighting in Şengal and Rabia against ISIS . 6 August 2014 . 6 August 2014.
32. Web site: Politics Keep Syrian Kurdish Troops From Fighting in Their Homeland. Never mind Islamic State—one faction rejects another's fighters . Vager Saadullah . 14 October 2015 . 10 November 2017.
33. News: Syria pounds ISIS bases in coordination with Iraq . 15 June 2014 . Daily Star.
    • News: Syrian Warplanes Strike in Western Iraq, Killing at Least 50 People . Ali A. Nabhan and Matt Bradley . 25 June 2014 . The Wall Street Journal.
    • Web site: Iraqi PM welcomes Syria air strike on border crossing . BBC News . 2014-06-26 . 2014-07-31.
34. News: Seven Countries to sell weapons to Kurds . 24 August 2014 . BasNews . 14 August 2014.
35. Web site: Operation IMPACT . Government of Canada . 19 August 2014.
36. Web site: Adam Vidler . Australia to take up military role in Iraq conflict . 31 August 2014 . 2014-08-31.
37. Web site: Flag lowered on New Zealand’s contribution to defeat-ISIS coalition's military operation . https://web.archive.org/web/20240315152237/https://www.nzdf.mil.nz/assets/Uploads/DocumentLibrary/ArmyNews_Issue544.pdf . 2024-03-15.
38. Web site: Involvement of Finnish SOF in the Battle of Mosul. Dutch government report . NL . Government of the Netherlands.
39. News: Enhedslisten støtter dansk våbenfly til kurdere i Irak . 24 August 2014 . DR . DR . 24 August 2014 . da.
40. Web site: Chappell . Bill . Iraq's Sunnis Form Tribal Army, as Sectarian Violence Builds . . 27 April 2013.
41. Web site: 1920s Revolution Brigades Mapping Militant Organizations . https://web.archive.org/web/20151118225239/http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/print_view/9 . 2025-09-28 . 2015-11-18.
42. Web site: England, Andrew . Iraq announces defeat of Isis . Financial Times . 10 December 2017 . Manama, Bahrain . 9 December 2017.
43. Web site: Iranian General Helped Iraqis Seize Kirkuk From U.S. Allies . NBC News . 18 October 2017 . 20 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171020090044/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/mideast/iranian-general-helped-iraqis-seize-kirkuk-u-s-allies-n811026 . 20 October 2017 . live.
44. News: مليشيات الحشد تتقدم نحو بلدة شمال كركوك تضم مقرات احزاب كوردية ايرانية معارضة – باسنیوز . 22 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171023010949/http://www.basnews.com/index.php/ar/news/kurdistan/387081 . 23 October 2017 . live.
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