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Ourayite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Ourayite

Deo Gratias Mine, La Ciénega, Pitiquito Municipality, Sonora, Mexico

Ourayite

Deo Gratias Mine, La Ciénega, Pitiquito Municipality, Sonora, Mexico

Ourayite

Deo Gratias Mine, La Ciénega, Pitiquito Municipality, Sonora, Mexico

Ourayite

Deo Gratias Mine, La Ciénega, Pitiquito Municipality, Sonora, Mexico

Ourayite

Deo Gratias Mine, La Ciénega, Pitiquito Municipality, Sonora, Mexico

Ourayite

Deo Gratias Mine, La Ciénega, Pitiquito Municipality, Sonora, Mexico

Ourayite

Deo Gratias Mine, La Ciénega, Pitiquito Municipality, Sonora, Mexico

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About OurayiteHide

Ouray, Colorado, USA

Formula:

Ag₃Pb₄Bi₅S₁₃

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

7.18 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Member of:

Lillianite Homologous Series Group

Name:

Named by Emil Makovicky and Sven Karup-Møller in 1977 for the community of Ouray, Colorado, USA, near where the mineral was first discovered.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Old Lout Mine, Poughkeepsie Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado, USA

This page provides mineralogical data about Ourayite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3046

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3046:1

IMA Classification of OurayiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Ag¹⁺₃Pb²⁺₄Bi³⁺₅S^2-₁₃

Approval year:

1976

First published:

1977

Type description reference:

Makovicky, E. and Karup-Møller, S. (1977): Chemistry and crystallography of the lillianite homologous series. II. Definition of new minerals eskimoite, vikingite, ourayite and treasurite. Redefinition of schirmerite and new data on the lillianite-gustavite solid-solution series. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 131: 56-82.

Classification of OurayiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.JB.40c

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb

Dana 8th ed.:

3.5.6.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
5 : 2.5 < ø < 3

Hey's CIM Ref.:

5.7.25

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Our	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Our	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of OurayiteHide

Transparency:

Opaque

Hardness:

2 on Mohs scale

Density:

7.18 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of OurayiteHide

Anisotropism:

Distinct to strong, pale gray to bluish black

Colour in reflected light:

galena-white

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

Weak in oil

Chemistry of OurayiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ag₃Pb₄Bi₅S₁₃

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Bi	39.971 %
Pb	31.704 %
S	15.946 %
Ag	12.379 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Ag, Bi, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Cu,Sb

Crystallography of OurayiteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Cell Parameters:

a = 13.457(1) Å, b = 44.042(4) Å, c = 4.100(10) Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.306 : 1 : 0.093

Unit Cell V:

2,429.96 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

irregular laths, to < 0.1 mm.

Comment:

Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m or mm2. ; Space Group: Bbmm or Bb21m.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.43 Å	(100)
2.96 Å	(90)
2.09 Å	(90)
2.04 Å	(70)
1.79 Å	(70)
3.33 Å	(60)
2.85 Å	(60)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of OurayiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Old Lout Mine, Poughkeepsie Gulch, San Juan County, Colorado, USA

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M4100.

Reference:

Synonyms of OurayiteHide

IMA1976-007

Other Language Names for OurayiteHide

Dutch:Ourayiet

German:Ourayit

Simplified Chinese:硫铋铅银矿

Spanish:Ourayita

Relationship of Ourayite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Lillianite Homologous Series Group

Other Members of Lillianite Homologous Series:

Andreadiniite	CuHgAg₇Pb₇Sb₂₄S₄₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Arsenquatrandorite	Ag_17.6Pb_12.8Sb_38.1As_11.5S₉₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Aschamalmite	Pb_6-3xBi_2+xS₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Baiamareite	Ag₄Pb₁₂Fe₄Sb₂₀S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
Brusnitsynite	Mn₃CuPbAs₃Sb₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Clino-oscarkempffite	Ag₁₅Pb₆Sb₂₁Bi₁₈S₇₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Erzwiesite	Ag₈Pb₁₂Bi₁₆S₄₀	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
Eskimoite	Ag₇Pb₁₀Bi₁₅S₃₆	Mon.
Fizélyite	Ag₅Pb₁₄Sb₂₁S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
Gustavite	AgPbBi₃S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
Heyrovskýite	Pb₆Bi₂S₉	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cccm
Holubite	Ag₃Pb₆(Sb₈Bi₃)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
Jasrouxite	Ag₁₆Pb₄(Sb₂₅As₁₅)S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
Lasmanisite	Ag₁₂Pb₁₃Mn₁₁Sb₄₄S₉₆	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
Lazerckerite	Ag_3.75Pb_4.50(Sb_7.75Bi₄)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Lillianite	Pb_3-2xAg_xBi_2+xS₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
Menchettiite	AgPb_2.40Mn_1.60Sb₃As₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Oscarkempffite	Ag₁₀Pb₄(Sb₁₇Bi₉)S₄₈	Orth. mm2
Oyonite	Ag₃Mn₂Pb₄Sb₇As₄S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
Quatrandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Ramdohrite	Pb_5.9Fe_0.1Mn_0.1In_0.1Cd_0.2Ag_2.8Sb_10.8S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
Roshchinite	Ag₁₉Pb₁₀Sb₅₁S₉₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
'Schirmerite'	PbAgBi₃S₆ - Pb₃Ag_1.5Bi_3.5S₉	Orth.
Senandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
Staročeskéite	Ag_0.70Pb_1.60(Bi_1.35Sb_1.35)_Σ2.70S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
Tarutinoite	Ag₃Pb₇Bi₇S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Terrywallaceite	AgPb(Sb,Bi)₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Treasurite	Ag₇Pb₆Bi₁₅S₃₂	Mon.
Uchucchacuaite	AgMnPb₃Sb₅S₁₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmm
Ustarasite	Pb(Bi,Sb)₆S₁₀ (?)
Vikingite	Ag₅Pb₈Bi₁₃S₃₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Xilingolite	Pb₃Bi₂S₆	Mon.

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

1 photo of Ourayite associated with Dolomite

CaMg(CO₃)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.JB.	Clino-oscarkempffite	Ag₁₅Pb₆Sb₂₁Bi₁₈S₇₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Arsenquatrandorite	Ag_17.6Pb_12.8Sb_38.1As_11.5S₉₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Ginelfite	Ag₂(Ag_0.5Fe)TlPb_23.5(Sb,As)_33.5S₇₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Andreadiniite	CuHgAg₇Pb₇Sb₂₄S₄₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Chukotkaite	AgPb₇Sb₅S₁₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Selenojunoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈Se₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.	Lechnerite	Ag₁₀Cu₄HgPb₃₃Sb₅₈S₁₂₈	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Cuprosenandorite	Ag₁₆Cu₈Pb₂₄Sb₇₂S₁₄₄	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.JB.	Morleyite	Ag₂CuPb₂₅Sb₂₄As₄S_68.5	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Lazerckerite	Ag_3.75Pb_4.50(Sb_7.75Bi₄)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Lasmanisite	Ag₁₂Pb₁₃Mn₁₁Sb₄₄S₉₆	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
2.JB.	Montpelvouxite	AgPb₁₆Sb₂₇As₁₈S₈₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Senandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
2.JB.	Oscarkempffite	Ag₁₀Pb₄(Sb₁₇Bi₉)S₄₈	Orth. mm2
2.JB.05	Diaphorite	Ag₃Pb₂Sb₃S₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.10	Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.15	Marrite	AgPbAsS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.15	Freieslebenite	AgPbSbS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.20	Cannizzarite	Pb₄₈Bi₅₆S₁₃₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.20	Wittite	Pb₉Bi₁₂(S,Se)₂₇	Mon.
2.JB.25j	Rouxelite	Cu₂HgPb₂₃Sb₂₇S_65.5	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.25i	Neyite	Ag₂Cu₆Pb₂₅Bi₂₆S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25a	Junoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈(S,Se)₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25f	Ángelaite	Cu₂AgPbBiS₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25e	Galenobismutite	PbBi₂S₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.25c	Nordströmite	CuPb₃Bi₇(Se₄S₁₀)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.25i	Cuproneyite	Cu₇Pb₂₇Bi₂₅S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25g	Nuffieldite	Cu_1.4Pb_2.4Bi_2.4Sb_0.2S₇	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.25h	Weibullite	Pb₅Bi₈Se₇S₁₁	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25d	Proudite	CuPb_7.5Bi_9.33(S,Se)₂₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25b	Felbertalite	Cu₂Pb₆Bi₈S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.30a	Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30a	Geocronite	Pb₁₄Sb₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30a	Arsenmarcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(As_3.2Sb_2.8)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.30b	Kirkiite	Pb₁₀Bi₃As₃S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30c	Tsugaruite	Pb₂₈As₁₅S₅₀Cl	Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
2.JB.30a	Marcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(Sb₃As₂Bi)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.35d	Pellouxite	(Cu,Ag)Pb₁₀Sb₁₂S₂₇O(Cl,S)_0.6	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35e	Chovanite	Pb_15-2xSb_14+2xS₃₆O_x (x ~ 0.2)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35a	Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
2.JB.35c	Pillaite	Pb₉Sb₁₀S₂₃ClO_0.5	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35b	Scainiite	Pb₁₄Sb₃₀S₅₄O₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35f	Tubulite	Ag₂Pb₂₂Sb₂₀S₅₃	Mon. m : Pb
2.JB.40a	Fizélyite	Ag₅Pb₁₄Sb₂₁S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Ramdohrite	Pb_5.9Fe_0.1Mn_0.1In_0.1Cd_0.2Ag_2.8Sb_10.8S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40e	Ustarasite	Pb(Bi,Sb)₆S₁₀ (?)
2.JB.40a	'Bursaite'	Pb₅Bi₄S₁₁ (?)	Orth.
2.JB.40	'UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb'	(Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)₅Pb₅Bi₁₁S₂₇
2.JB.40	'UM1988-06-S:AgBiCuHgPb'	(Pb,Hg)₁₂(Cu,Ag)₃(Bi,Sb)₁₀(S,Te)₂₇
2.JB.40a	Terrywallaceite	AgPb(Sb,Bi)₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Jasrouxite	Ag₁₆Pb₄(Sb₂₅As₁₅)S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.40a	Tarutinoite	Ag₃Pb₇Bi₇S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Oyonite	Ag₃Mn₂Pb₄Sb₇As₄S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40b	Heyrovskýite	Pb₆Bi₂S₉	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cccm
2.JB.40a	Quatrandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Erzwiesite	Ag₈Pb₁₂Bi₁₆S₄₀	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Vikingite	Ag₅Pb₈Bi₁₃S₃₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Lillianite	Pb_3-2xAg_xBi_2+xS₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.40b	Baiamareite	Ag₄Pb₁₂Fe₄Sb₂₀S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Staročeskéite	Ag_0.70Pb_1.60(Bi_1.35Sb_1.35)_Σ2.70S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Roshchinite	Ag₁₉Pb₁₀Sb₅₁S₉₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.40b	Aschamalmite	Pb_6-3xBi_2+xS₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40b	Eskimoite	Ag₇Pb₁₀Bi₁₅S₃₆	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Menchettiite	AgPb_2.40Mn_1.60Sb₃As₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Holubite	Ag₃Pb₆(Sb₈Bi₃)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Brusnitsynite	Mn₃CuPbAs₃Sb₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Treasurite	Ag₇Pb₆Bi₁₅S₃₂	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Uchucchacuaite	AgMnPb₃Sb₅S₁₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmm
2.JB.40d	'Schirmerite'	PbAgBi₃S₆ - Pb₃Ag_1.5Bi_3.5S₉	Orth.
2.JB.40a	Xilingolite	Pb₃Bi₂S₆	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Gustavite	AgPbBi₃S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.55	Gratonite	Pb₉As₄S₁₅	Trig. 3m : R3m
2.JB.60	Marrucciite	Hg₃Pb₁₆Sb₁₈S₄₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.65	Vurroite	Pb₂₀Sn₂(Bi,As)₂₂S₅₄Cl₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.65	Tazieffite	Pb₂₀Cd₂(As,Bi)₂₂S₅₀Cl₁₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.70	Daliranite	PbHgAs₂S₅	Mon.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for OurayiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3046.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for OurayiteHide

Reference List:

Karup-Møller, Sven (1977) Mineralogy of some Ag-(Cu)-Pb-Bi sulphide associations. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 26. 41-68 doi:10.37570/bgsd-1976-26-03

Fleischer, Michael, Chao, George Y., Pabst, and Adolf (1979) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 64 (1-2) 241-245

Makovicky, E., Karup-Møller, S. (1984) Ourayite from Ivigtut, Greenland. The Canadian Mineralogist: 22(4): 565-575. https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/CM22_565.pdf

(2005) Ourayite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for OurayiteHide

Showing 35 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
Santa Cruz Province Deseado Department Tres Cerros ⓘ Pingüino deposit	Jovic et al. (2011)

Austria
Salzburg St. Johann im Pongau District Bad Hofgastein ⓘ Erzwies mining area	Makovicky et al. (2010)
ⓘ Unnamed prospect	Topa et al. (2026)

Bolivia
Oruro Pantaleón Dalence Province ⓘ Santa Fé mining district	Franco (2018)
ⓘ Morococala Mine	Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)
ⓘ Santa Fé Mine	Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018)

Bulgaria
Haskovo Province Topolovgrad Municipality ⓘ Dobroselets	Страшимиров et al. (2009)

China
Guangdong Shanwei Lufeng Co. ⓘ Guantian Mine (Lufeng pyrite mine)	Xuehui Xia et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Yunfu Yuncheng District ⓘ Chadong Ag-Au deposit	Canhui Huang (1991)
Inner Mongolia Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Linxi County ⓘ Dajing Sn-Cu-polymetallic deposit	Weining Zhou (1994)
Jiangxi Ganzhou Yudu Co. ⓘ Tieshanlong Mine (Huangsha Mine)	Weining Zhou (1994)
Shaanxi Weinan Tongguan County ⓘ Tongguan Mine	Enkui Cao (1991)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Karlsruhe Region Freudenstadt Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach Wildschapbach valley ⓘ Friedrich-Christian Mine	Staude et al. (2010)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) ⓘ Kamariza mines (Kamareza mines)

Greenland
Sermersooq Arsuk Fjord Ivigtut stock ⓘ Ivigtut Mine	Petersen et al. (1993)

India
Madhya Pradesh Katni district ⓘ Imalia deposit	Tripathi et al. (2022)

Italy
Lombardy Lecco Province Primaluna Cortabbio ⓘ Faidallo Mine ?	Vergani (2019)
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Nuxis ⓘ Monte Tamara mining area	Deidda et al. (2022)
ⓘ San Pietro Mine	Deidda et al. (2023)
ⓘ Sa Marchesa Mine	Gian Claudio Lecca et al. (2024)

Mexico
Sonora Cumpas Municipality El Verde Mining District Cumobabi ⓘ San Judas Mine	Panczner (1987)
Pitiquito Municipality La Ciénega ⓘ Deo Gratias Mine	Sid Williams

Russia
Tuva Todzhinsky District Ak-Sug ore cluster ⓘ Biche-Kadyr-Oos ore occurrence	Kuzhuget et al. (2023)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Banská Štiavnica District ⓘ Banská Štiavnica	Chovan M. et al. (2021)
ⓘ Bieber vein	Mikuš et al. (2026)

UK
Scotland Perth and Kinross Meall nan Oighreag ⓘ Corrie Buie veins

Ukraine
Zakarpattia Oblast Berehove Raion Berehove ⓘ Beregovo ore field	Biruk et al. (2012)

USA
Colorado La Plata County La Plata Mining District (California Mining District) Parrott City ⓘ Comstock Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
San Juan County Poughkeepsie Gulch ⓘ Alaska Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Acapulco adit	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Old Lout Mine (TL)	Eckel et al. (1997)
Summit County Montezuma Area ⓘ Wombat Mine	Foord et al. (1989) +1 other reference
Idaho Owyhee County South Mountain Mining District ⓘ Texas Mine	John Lindell Collection
Nevada Nye County Toquima Range Round Mountain Mining District ⓘ Fairview Mine	Foord et al. (1988)

Uzbekistan
Samarqand North Nuratau Mountains Zarmitan ⓘ Charmitan Mine (Zarmitan Mine)	Gromova +3 other references

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