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Sobolevskite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Sobolevskite
Petr G. Sobolevski
Formula:
PdBi
Member of the triple system PdTe-PdBi-PdSb with a continuous isomorphic series along Te-Bi and Bi-Sb sides of triangle. Isomorphism along Te-Sb side is complicated in absence of Bi especially for high-Te compositions.
Colour:
pale pinkish orange
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
11.88 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after Pyotr Grigorievich Sobolevskiy (Пётр Григорьевич Соболевский) (1781, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire - 24 October 1841, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire), engineer and metallurgist. A student of the platinum deposits of the Russian Urals and one of the founders of powder metallurgy.
Member of two isomorphic series: Sobolevskite-Kotulskite Series and Sobolevskite-Sudburyite Series.
Not to be confused with sobolevite.
A possible intermediate member of the second series is coded as 'UM1985-01-Bi:PdSb'. A potential Bi analogue is known: 'UM1974-02-Bi:AsPdPtSb'.
Known synthetically as hexagonal and monoclinic polymorphs. Sobolevskite was described as hexagonal, isostructural with nickeline, but refinement of the X-ray powder pattern indicates that sobolevskite is a mixture of the two PdBi polymorphs.
Not to be confused with sobolevite.
A possible intermediate member of the second series is coded as 'UM1985-01-Bi:PdSb'. A potential Bi analogue is known: 'UM1974-02-Bi:AsPdPtSb'.
Known synthetically as hexagonal and monoclinic polymorphs. Sobolevskite was described as hexagonal, isostructural with nickeline, but refinement of the X-ray powder pattern indicates that sobolevskite is a mixture of the two PdBi polymorphs.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3700
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3700:2
IMA Classification of Sobolevskite
Approved
Approval year:
1973
First published:
1975
Classification of Sobolevskite
2.CC.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.
3.12.40
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sov | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Sob | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Sobolevskite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Pale pinkish orange
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=236(28) kg/mm2 - Vickers
Density:
11.88 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Sobolevskite
Anisotropism:
Strong, with distinct color effects in reddish-lilac and pale-cream shades
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 480nm | 52.2% | 46.7% |
| 520nm | 56.1% | 50.4% |
| 560nm | 59.7% | 54.3% |
| 600nm | 62.0% | 56.5% |
| 640nm | 65.0% | 59.3% |
| 680nm | 67.5% | 60.5% |
| 720nm | 68.7% | 61.0% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 68.7%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
grayish white with creamy tint
Pleochroism:
Not Visible
Chemistry of Sobolevskite
Mindat Formula:
PdBi
Member of the triple system PdTe-PdBi-PdSb with a continuous isomorphic series along Te-Bi and Bi-Sb sides of triangle. Isomorphism along Te-Sb side is complicated in absence of Bi especially for high-Te compositions.
Member of the triple system PdTe-PdBi-PdSb with a continuous isomorphic series along Te-Bi and Bi-Sb sides of triangle. Isomorphism along Te-Sb side is complicated in absence of Bi especially for high-Te compositions.
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Pt,Ag
Crystallography of Sobolevskite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.23 Å, c = 5.69 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.345
Unit Cell V:
88.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
Point Group: n.d.; Space Group: n.d.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005249 | Sobolevskite | Bayliss P (1990) Revised unit cell dimensions, space group, and chemical formula of some metallic minerals The Canadian Mineralogist 28 751-755 |  | 1990 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.07 Å | (100) |
| 2.26 Å | (100) |
| 2.11 Å | (90) |
| 1.690 Å | (50) |
| 1.182 Å | (50) |
| 1.74 Å | (40) |
| 1.342 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals |
Type Occurrence of Sobolevskite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Grains, usually less than 0.1 mm in size, in massive (mainly) and disseminated mooihoekite-chalcopyrite, troilite-pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite-cubanite ore.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
2) Mineralogical Museum of I.G.E.M., Russian Academy of Sciences.
2) Mineralogical Museum of I.G.E.M., Russian Academy of Sciences.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Sobolevskite
Other Language Names for Sobolevskite
Relationship of Sobolevskite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Nickeline Group:
| Achávalite | FeSe | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc |
| Breithauptite | NiSb | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc |
| Driekopite | PtBi | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc |
| Freboldite | CoSe | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc |
| Kotulskite | Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4) | Hex. |
| Langisite | CoAs | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Nickeline | NiAs | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mcm |
| Sederholmite | NiSe | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc |
| Stumpflite | PtSb | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc |
| Sudburyite | PdSb | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc |
| Vavřínite | Ni2SbTe2 | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc |
| Zlatogorite | NiCuSb2 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 12 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Taimyrite | (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn |
| 11 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Insizwaite | PtBi2 |
| 10 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Native Silver | Ag |
| 9 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 8 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 7 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Urvantsevite | Pd(Bi,Pb)2 |
| 7 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Altaite | PbTe |
| 6 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| 6 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Polarite | Pd(Bi,Pb) |
| 6 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.CC. | Eliopoulosite | V7S8 |
| 2.CC. | Tilkerodeite | Pd2HgSe3 |
| 2.CC. | 'UM2007-26-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh' | (Ir,Cu,Ni,Pt,Rh,Fe)9S11 |
| 2.CC. | Proxitwelvefoldite | Pd3Ni4Te8 |
| 2.CC. | Ferrotorryweiserite | Rh5Fe10S16 |
| 2.CC. | Tamuraite | Ir5Fe10S16 |
| 2.CC. | Crowningshieldite | (Ni0.9Fe0.1)S |
| 2.CC. | Kuvaevite | Ir5Ni10S16 |
| 2.CC. | Torryweiserite | Rh5Ni10S16 |
| 2.CC.05 | Achávalite | FeSe |
| 2.CC.05 | Langisite | CoAs |
| 2.CC.05 | Sederholmite | NiSe |
| 2.CC.05 | Freboldite | CoSe |
| 2.CC.05 | Nickeline | NiAs |
| 2.CC.05 | Jaipurite | CoS |
| 2.CC.05 | Kotulskite | Pd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4) |
| 2.CC.05 | Zlatogorite | NiCuSb2 |
| 2.CC.05 | Stumpflite | PtSb |
| 2.CC.05 | Sudburyite | PdSb |
| 2.CC.05 | Breithauptite | NiSb |
| 2.CC.10 | Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| 2.CC.10 | Smythite | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
| 2.CC.10 | Troilite | FeS |
| 2.CC.15 | Ruthenarsenite | (Ru,Ni)As |
| 2.CC.15 | Westerveldite | (Fe,Ni,Co)As |
| 2.CC.15 | Modderite | CoAs |
| 2.CC.15 | Minakawaite | RhSb |
| 2.CC.15 | Cherepanovite | RhAs |
| 2.CC.20 | 'UM1990-38-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh' | (Ni,Fe,Rh,Cu,Ir,Pt)S |
| 2.CC.20 | Millerite | NiS |
| 2.CC.20 | Mäkinenite | NiSe |
| 2.CC.25 | Mackinawite | FeS |
| 2.CC.30 | Vavřínite | Ni2SbTe2 |
| 2.CC.30 | 'Hexatestibiopanickelite' | (Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te) ? |
| 2.CC.35b | Cooperite | PtS |
| 2.CC.35a | Vysotskite | PdS |
| 2.CC.35a | Braggite | PdPt3S4 |
| 2.CC.45 | Jacutingaite | Pt2HgSe3 |
| 2.CC.50 | 'Imgreite' | NiTe (?) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Sobolevskite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3700.html
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References for Sobolevskite
Reference List:
Fleischer, Michael, Pabst, Adolf, Cabri, Louis J. (1976) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 61 (9-10) 1053-1056 p.1054
Jambor, John L., Burke, Ernst A. J. (1991) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 76 (11-12) 2020-2026
Localities for Sobolevskite
Showing 86 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Chalcedony occurrence, Langau, Horn District, Lower Austria, Austria