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Gmelinite-K

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Gmelinite-K (48)Discuss Gmelinite-K

Gmelinite-K Gallery Search Photos of Gmelinite-K

Edit Gmelinite-K Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Gmelinite-K, etc.

Barranco de Carrizo, La Aldea de San Nicolás, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Province, Canary Islands, Spain

Gmelinite-K, etc.

Jedlka, Malá Veleň, Děčín District, Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic

Gmelinite-K

Fara Vicentino, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy

Gmelinite-K, etc.

Barranco de Carrizo, La Aldea de San Nicolás, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Province, Canary Islands, Spain

Gmelinite-K, etc.

Jedlka, Malá Veleň, Děčín District, Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic

Gmelinite-K

Fara Vicentino, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy

Gmelinite-K, etc.

Barranco de Carrizo, La Aldea de San Nicolás, Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Province, Canary Islands, Spain

Gmelinite-K, etc.

Jedlka, Malá Veleň, Děčín District, Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic

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About Gmelinite-KHide

Christian Gottlob Gmelin

Formula:

K₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄) · 11H₂O

Colour:

Colorless to brownish

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

4½

Specific Gravity:

2.00

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Member of:

Gmelinite Subgroup > Zeolite Group

Name:

Named after the German mineralogist and chemist, Christian Gottlob Gmelin (1792-1860) of Tübingen, Germany. The suffix indicates the dominant extra-framework cation. In 1997, the name gmelinite (without suffix) was promoted from species to series and gmelinite-K was defined as one of several species.

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ San Giorgio di Perlena, Fara Vicentino, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy
ⓘ Alluaiv Mountain, Lovozersky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

This page provides mineralogical data about Gmelinite-K.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

6972

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:6972:0

Similar NamesHide

Gmelinite	A synonym of Gmelinite Subgroup
Gmelinite-Ca	A valid IMA mineral species	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄)O₂₄ · 11H₂O

IMA Classification of Gmelinite-KHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

K₄(Si₈Al₄)O₂₄·11H₂O

Approval year:

1999

Type description reference:

Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, et al. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6). 1571-1606

Classification of Gmelinite-KHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.GD.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H₂O; zeolite family
D : Chains of 6-membered rings – tabular zeolites

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Gme-K	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Gme	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371

Physical Properties of Gmelinite-KHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Colorless to brownish

Streak:

White

Hardness:

4½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₃₀=258 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

2.00 g/cm³ (Measured) 2.04 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of Gmelinite-KHide

Type:

Uniaxial (+/-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.472 n_β = 1.477

Surface Relief:

Unknown

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of Gmelinite-KHide

Mindat Formula:

K₄(Si₈Al₄O₂₄) · 11H₂O

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	52.278 %
Si	20.976 %
K	14.600 %
Al	10.076 %
H	2.070 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, H, K, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Gmelinite-KHide

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Class (H-M):

6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal

Space Group:

P6₃/mmc

Setting:

P6₃/mmc

Cell Parameters:

a = 13.621(3) Å, c = 10.254(1) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 0.753

Unit Cell V:

1,647.56 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

{100}, {101} and {001}.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0015872	Gmelinite-K	Sacerdoti M, Passaglia E, Carnevali R (1995) Structural refinements of Na-, K-, and Ca-exchanged gmelinites Zeolites 15 276-281		1995	Queensland, Australia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Gmelinite-K'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Sacerdoti M'
'Passaglia E'
'Carnevali R'
_journal_name_full 'Zeolites'
_journal_volume 15 
_journal_year 1995
_journal_page_first 276
_journal_page_last 281
_publ_section_title
;
 Structural refinements of Na-, K-, and Ca-exchanged gmelinites
 Note: sample 2K, natural sample is cation exchanged with K
;
_database_code_amcsd 0015872
_chemical_compound_source 'Queensland, Australia'
_chemical_formula_sum 'K2.86 (Si4.16 Al1.84) O16.72 H9.44'
_cell_length_a 13.687
_cell_length_b 13.687
_cell_length_c 10.256
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 1663.892
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.217
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 63/m m c'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-x+y,1/2+z'
  'x,x-y,1/2-z'
  '-x+y,-x,1/2-z'
  'x-y,x,1/2+z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  'y,x,-z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  'x-y,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x+y,y,1/2-z'
  'x,y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,1/2+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '-x,-x+y,-z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  'y,x,1/2+z'
  '-y,-x,1/2-z'
  '-y,x-y,1/2-z'
  'y,-x+y,1/2+z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  'x-y,-y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
K1   0.33330   0.66670   0.06600   1.00000   0.02810
K2   0.10130   0.20300   0.07700   0.31000   0.12900
Si   0.43400   0.09990   0.09880   0.69330   0.01000
Al   0.43400   0.09990   0.09880   0.30670   0.01000
O1   0.42790   0.21390   0.06530   1.00000   0.02700
O2   0.87070   0.43540   0.07260   1.00000   0.02100
O3   0.39490   0.05640   0.25000   1.00000   0.02400
O4   0.34530   0.00000   0.00000   1.00000   0.02100
Wat1   0.16200   0.55000   0.25000   0.50000   0.07700
Wat2   0.17870   0.35700   0.25000   0.34000   0.07100
Wat4   0.16900   0.08470   0.25000   0.40000   0.08200
Wat5   0.13710   0.27400   0.17500   0.20000   0.06400

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
11.9 Å	(80)
5.16 Å	(70)
4.11 Å	(100)
3.27 Å	(70)
2.971 Å	(80)
2.852 Å	(80)
2.719 Å	(100)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
16 : Low-? aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)

Type Occurrence of Gmelinite-KHide

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ San Giorgio di Perlena, Fara Vicentino, Vicenza Province, Veneto, Italy
ⓘ Alluaiv Mountain, Lovozersky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Granular and radial aggregates of columnar to acicular crystals up to 0.1 x 3 mm (Russia).

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Found in cavities within brecciated pegmatite (Russia).

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Amphibole Supergroup	Cancrinite	K Feldspar	Nepheline	Pyroxene Group
Sodalite

Reference:

Synonyms of Gmelinite-KHide

IMA1999-039

Other Language Names for Gmelinite-KHide

Dutch:Gmeliniet-K

German:Gmelinit-K

Russian:Гмелинит-K

Simplified Chinese:钾菱沸石

Relationship of Gmelinite-K to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Gmelinite Subgroup > Zeolite Group

Other Members of Gmelinite Subgroup:

Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄)O₂₄ · 11H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄)O₂₄ · 11H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

30 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆) · H₂O
22 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O
6 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Ussingite	Na₂AlSi₃O₈OH
6 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
6 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Thomsonite-Ca	NaCa₂[Al₅Si₅O₂₀] · 6H₂O
3 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Serandite	NaMn²⁺₂Si₃O₈(OH)
3 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Vuonnemite	Na₁₁Ti⁴⁺Nb₂(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₂O₃(F,OH)
2 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Umbozerite	Na₃Sr₄Th[Si(O,OH)_3-4]₈
2 photos of Gmelinite-K associated with Belovite-(Ce)	NaCeSr₃(PO₄)₃F
1 photo of Gmelinite-K associated with Neotocite	(Mn,Fe)SiO₃ · H₂O (?)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.GD.05	Gmelinite-Ca	Ca₂(Si₈Al₄)O₂₄ · 11H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
9.GD.05	Gmelinite-Na	Na₄(Si₈Al₄)O₂₄ · 11H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
9.GD.10	Chabazite-Mg	(Mg_0.7K_0.5Ca_0.5Na_0.1)[Al₃Si₉O₂₄] · 10H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
9.GD.10	Willhendersonite	KCa[Al₃Si₃O₁₂] · 5H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.GD.10	Chabazite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.GD.10	Chabazite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
9.GD.10	Chabazite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca,Sr,Mg)₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O	Trig. 3m : R3m
9.GD.10	Chabazite-Sr	Sr₂[Al₂Si₄O₁₂]₂ · 12H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
9.GD.15	Lévyne-Ca	(Ca,Na₂,K₂)[Al₂Si₄O₁₂] · 6H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
9.GD.15	Lévyne-Na	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)[Al₂Si₄O₁₂] · 6H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
9.GD.20	Erionite-Ca	(Ca,K₂,Na₂)₂[Al₄Si₁₄O₃₆] · 15H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
9.GD.20	Erionite-K	(K₂,Ca,Na₂)₂[Al₄Si₁₄O₃₆] · 15H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
9.GD.20	Erionite-Na	(Na₂,K₂,Ca)₂[Al₄Si₁₄O₃₆] · 15H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
9.GD.20	Bellbergite	(K,Ba,Sr)₂Sr₂Ca₂(Ca,Na)₄[Al₃Si₃O₁₂]₆ · 30H₂O	Hex.
9.GD.25	Offretite	KCaMg(Si₁₃Al₅)O₃₆ · 15H₂O	Hex. 6m2 : P6m2
9.GD.25	Wenkite	(Ba,K)₄(Ca,Na)₆[(Si,Al)₂₀O₃₉(OH)₂](SO₄)₃ · 0.5H₂O	Hex. 6m2 : P62m
9.GD.30	Faujasite-Ca	(Ca,Na₂,Mg)_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
9.GD.30	Faujasite-Mg	(Mg,Na₂,Ca)_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
9.GD.30	Faujasite-Na	(Na₂,Ca,Mg)_3.5[Al₇Si₁₇O₄₈] · 32H₂O	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
9.GD.35	Maricopaite	Pb₇Ca₂(Si,Al)₄₈O₁₀₀ · 32H₂O	Orth.
9.GD.35	Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆ · 28H₂O	Orth.
9.GD.40	Dachiardite-K	K₄(Si₂₀Al₄O₄₈) · 13H₂O	Mon.
9.GD.40	Dachiardite-Ca	(Ca,Na₂,K₂)₅Al₁₀Si₃₈O₉₆ · 25H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.GD.40	Dachiardite-Na	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₅Al₁₀Si₃₈O₉₆ · 25H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.GD.45	Epistilbite	CaAl₂Si₆O₁₆ · 5H₂O	Mon.
9.GD.50	Ferrierite-K	(K,Na)₅(Si₃₁Al₅)O₇₂ · 18H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Immm
9.GD.50	Ferrierite-Mg	[Mg₂(K,Na)₂Ca_0.5](Si₂₉Al₇)O₇₂ · 18H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
9.GD.50	Ferrierite-Na	(Na,K)₅(Si₃₁Al₅)O₇₂ · 18H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.GD.50	Ferrierite-NH4	(NH₄,Mg_0.5)₅(Al₅Si₃₁O₇₂) · 22H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Immm
9.GD.55	Bikitaite	LiAlSi₂O₆ · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:

Element	% Content	Activity (Bq/kg)	Radiation Type
Uranium (U)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Thorium (Th)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Potassium (K)	14.6004%	4,526	β, γ

For comparison:

Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Mass of radioactive mineral:

Shielding material:

Activity: –

Distance	Dose rate	Risk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μ_shield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((A_U × Γ_U) + (A_Th × Γ_Th) + (A_K × Γ_K)) / r² × μ_shield

Fluorescence of Gmelinite-KHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Gmelinite-KHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-6972.html
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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for Gmelinite-KHide

Reference List:

Malinovskii, Yu.A. (1984) The crystal structure og K-gmelinite. Krystallografiya, 29, 426-430. (in Russian)

Vezzalini, G., Quartieri, S., Passaglia, E. (1990) Crystal structure of a K-rich natural gmelinite and comparison with the other refined gmelinite samples. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1990, 504-516.

Sacerdoti, M., Passaglia, E., Carnevali, R. (1995) Structural refinements of Na-, K-, and Ca-exchanged gmelinites. Zeolites, 15 (3) 276-281 doi:10.1016/0144-2449(94)00024-m

Khomyakov, A.P., Polezhaeva, L.I., Malinovsky, Y.A. (2001) Gmelinite-K(K,Na,Ca)6[Al7Si17O48]·22H2O, a new zeolite mineral from Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsola, Russia. Zapiski Vserossijskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 130(3), 65-71.

Jambor, John L., Grew, Edward S., Roberts, Andrew C. (2002) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 87. 1509-1513

Mandarino, Joseph A. (2002) New minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (5). 1527-1550 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.5.1529

(2021) Gmelinite-K. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for Gmelinite-KHide

Showing 9 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Czech Republic
Ústí nad Labem Region Děčín District Malá Veleň ⓘ Jedlka	Pauliš et al. (2021)

Italy
Veneto Vicenza Province ⓘ Fara Vicentino	Vezzalini et al. (1990) +1 other reference
ⓘ "Fortelongo" locality	Boscardin et al. (2011)
ⓘ San Giorgio di Perlena (TL)	Rivista Mineralogica Italiana vol.17 fasc.2 1994 pp. 131-136 Studi e Ricerche-Associazione Amici del Museo - Museo Civico "G. Zannato" Montecchio Maggiore (VI)

Russia (TL)
Murmansk Oblast Lovozersky District ⓘ Alluaiv Mountain (TL)	Pekov (2000) +3 other references
Umbozero mine ⓘ Shkatulka pegmatite	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Malyi Punkaruaiv Mountain ⓘ Pegmatite No. 71	Excalibur Mineral Corp. - Mineral News +1 other reference

Spain
Canary Islands Las Palmas Province Gran Canaria ⓘ La Aldea de San Nicolás	Zeolite collection of Volker Betz
ⓘ Barranco de Carrizo	Collection of Volker Betz

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Gmelinite-K

About Gmelinite-KHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

Similar NamesHide

IMA Classification of Gmelinite-KHide

Classification of Gmelinite-KHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of Gmelinite-KHide

Optical Data of Gmelinite-KHide

Chemistry of Gmelinite-KHide

Crystallography of Gmelinite-KHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of Gmelinite-KHide

Synonyms of Gmelinite-KHide

Other Language Names for Gmelinite-KHide

Relationship of Gmelinite-K to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

RadioactivityHide

Fluorescence of Gmelinite-KHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for Gmelinite-KHide

References for Gmelinite-KHide

Localities for Gmelinite-KHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide