January 3 - In Madras (now Chennai) in India, local residents employed by the East India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administrator William Gyfford imposes a house tax on residences within the city walls. Gyfford places security forces at all entrances to the city and threatens to banish anyone who fails to pay their taxes, as well as to confiscate the goods of merchants who refuse to make sales.[1] A compromise is reached the next day on the amount of the taxes.[2]
January 17 - King Louis XIV of France reports the success of the Edict of Fontainebleau, issued on October 22 against the Protestant Huguenots, and reports that after less than three months, the vast majority of the Huguenot population had left the country.[3]
January 31 - In the wake of the success of France's campaign against Protestantism, Victor Amadeus II, the Duke of Savoy, issues an edict against the Valdesi, the Duchy's Protestant minority, setting a 15-day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous, or face banishment or death.[4] The February 15 deadline is ignored.
February 15 - After the Valdesi in the Duchy of Savoy decline to obey the edict to convert to Catholicism, Duke Victor Amadeus dispatches a force of 9,000 French and Piedmontese soldiers to enforce the edict.
February 22 - Sweden's Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for the Swedish Church Law 1686, after having debated it in three sessions on February 18, 19 and 20.[5] The law confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state; all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism; the Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.[6]
February 27 - Gabriel Milan, the controversial Governor of the Danish West Indies since 1684, is removed from office by order of King Frederick III and placed under arrest for treason. Three years later, after being found guilty in a trial after being brought back to Copenhagen, Milan is beheaded on March 26, 1689.[7]
March 3 - A group of 107 French Canadian soldiers, under the command of Pierre de Troyes, begins the Hudson Bay expedition, departing from Montreal on an 800miles journey to take control of the properties of British North American settlers of the Hudson's Bay Company.[8] The group marches for 82 days and arrives at the first Hudson's Bay fort, at Moose Factory on June 19.[9]
April - June
April 9 - As the Valdesi rebellion continues, the Duke of Savoy issues a second edict, giving the Protestant Valdesi eight days to lay down their arms and allows safe passage into exile for those who agree.
April 22 - In the wake of Savoy's newest repression of the Protestant Valdesi, a third war breaks out and Protestant pastor Henri Arnaud leads the resistance with 3,000 rebel soldiers against 8,500 Savoyard soldiers and mercenaries. The Valdesi are overwhelmed within one month.
May 25 - The third war against the Protestant Valdesi ends. Soon afterward, 2,000 of the Valdesi are massacred, 8,500 taken prisoner and about 3,000 surviving civilians forcibly resettled and converted to Catholicism.
July 18 - An army of 3,000 Chinese troops demand Russian surrender of a Russian Empire fortress at Albazino on the Amur River. The fortress is manned by only 736 Russian soldiers and militia but is armed with cannons. Over the next several weeks, the Chinese troops are joined by another 3,000 men in supply boats, but the Russians hold off the attacks for the next five months. By December, only 24 Russians remain, and Albazino is ceded to China in 1689.
August 4 - Portuguese soldiers hired by the East India Company mutiny rather than follow orders to join the war in Bengal. The ringleaders are quickly arrested and executed, and the mutiny ends.
August 15 - Christina, who had ruled as the monarch of Sweden until her abdication in 1654 in favor of her cousin Charles, responds to the revocation in France of the Edict of Nantz and declares that Jews within Sweden will be under her protection.
August 16 - King James VII of Scotland dismisses the Parliament of Scotland after the members refuse to remove restrictions on Roman Catholics and on Protestants outside of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. The Parliament does not meet again for more than two and a half years.
September 30 - The Ottoman fortress of Sinj in Dalmatia falls to the army of the Republic of Venice.[22]
October - December
October 17 - As the Savoyard–Waldensian wars, draw to a close, the Duke of Savoy announces that the Protestant Valdisi defenders will be granted safe passage to Switzerland, and that children taken during the war will be allowed to return to their families.[23] By January, a little more than 2,500 Valdisi take the offer.
October 22 - In the Great Turkish War, the Siege of Pécs ends when the Ottoman-held city, located across the Danube River from the recent liberated Buda, surrenders[24] to Austrian troops of the Holy League, continuing the Austrian assumption of control of Hungary.[25] Buda and Pest are later combined to form the Hungarian city (and now capital) of Budapest.
October 31 - Anglurah Agung, the virtual leader of the island of Bali as king of the paramount state of Gelgel, is killed in battle fighting Batu Lepang (who also dies in the fighting), ending the unification of the island (now part of Indonesia) and causing Bali to split into several principalities.
November 26 - The Treaty of Whitehall, more formerly the Treaty of Neutrality for America, is signed at the Palace of Whitehall in Westminster between representatives of King Louis XIV of France and King James II of England, with both sides pledging that "though the two Countries might be at war in Europe their Colonies in America should continue in peace and Neutrality".[27] The treaty is broken less than two years later when King William's War breaks out in what is now the U.S. state of Maine.
December 20 - Edmund Andros arrives in Boston to become the British Governor of the newly created Dominion of New England, which includes most of the what are now the U.S. states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Vermont and much of the eastern portion of New York.[29] The unpopular Andros, who reigns as a dictator after being appointed by King James II, is driven out of office in 1689 after the overthrow of James, and the Dominion of New England is broken up into its constituent colonies.
English historian and naturalist Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Staffordshire, a collection of illustrations and texts detailing the history of the county.[30] It is the first document known to mention crop circles[31] and a double sunset.[32]
Book: Worth . John E. . The Struggle for the Georgia Coast . February 4, 2007 . University of Alabama Press . 978-0-8173-5411-4 . 164 . May 13, 2023 . en.
Vance A. Myers, Storm Tide Frequencies on the South Carolina Coast, NOAA Technical Report NWS-16 (National Weather Service Office of Hydrology, June 1975) p. 15
Book: Kolta . János . Baranya . 1958 . Baranya Megyei Idegenforgalmi Hivatal . 86 . May 18, 2023 . hu.
Web site: After the victory against Turkish . May 18, 2023 . September 28, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110928021337/http://www.memo.fr/en/article.aspx?ID=REG_HON_PEC_MOD_002 . September 28, 2011 .
Book: Hayton . David . Cruickshanks . Eveline . The House of Commons, 1690-1715 . 2002 . Cambridge University Press . 567 . 978-0-521-77221-1 . June 2, 2023 . en.
Book: Herbermann . Charles George . Pace . Edward A. . Shahan . Thomas J. . Pallen . Conde B. . Wynne . John J. . The Catholic Encyclopedia: Laprade-Mass . 1910 . Appleton . New York . 9. 3 . June 2, 2023 . en.
Book: Половцова . А. А. . Русский биографический словарь . 1905 . Санкт-Петербургское Императорское Русское историческое общество . 405 . June 2, 2023 . ru.
Book: The Americana . 1923 . The Encyclopedia Americana Corporation . 205 . 23. May 24, 2023 . en.
Web site: MACARÉ . A.C. . MACARÉ . 13. hogenda.nl . June 2, 2023. nl.
Book: Herbermann . Charles George . Pace . Edward A. . Shahan . Thomas J. . Pallen . Conde B. . Wynne . John J.. Catholic Encyclopedia . 1910 . Appleton . New York . 569 . 8. June 2, 2023 . en.
Book: Chisholm . Hugh . The Encyclopaedia Britannica . 1911 . 16. Encyclopaedia Britannica . New York . 299 . June 4, 2023.
Web site: Newcomer . ohiohistorycentral.org . June 4, 2023 . June 23, 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060623043533/https://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=286 . June 23, 2006 . live .
