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Brunogeierite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Brunogeierite (12)Discuss Brunogeierite

Brunogeierite Gallery Search Photos of Brunogeierite

Edit Brunogeierite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Brunogeierite, etc.

Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Brunogeierite, etc.

Plan d'Argut deposit, Argut-Dessous, Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne, Occitanie, France

Brunogeierite

Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Brunogeierite, etc.

Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Brunogeierite, etc.

Plan d'Argut deposit, Argut-Dessous, Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne, Occitanie, France

Brunogeierite

Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Brunogeierite, etc.

Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Brunogeierite, etc.

Plan d'Argut deposit, Argut-Dessous, Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne, Occitanie, France

Hide all sections | Show all sections

About BrunogeieriteHide

Formula:

Ge⁴⁺Fe²⁺₂O₄

Some solid solution towards magnetite: Fe2+Ge4+ = 2Fe3+.

Colour:

Grey-black

Lustre:

Sub-Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

5.51 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Ulvöspinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Name:

Named after Dr. Bruno H. Geier (1902-1987), former Chief Mineralogist, Tsumeb Corporation.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Nesogermanate member of the ringwoodite group (Cempírek & Groat 2013).

Compare Unnamed (Iron Germanium Oxide).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

792

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:792:0

IMA Classification of BrunogeieriteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Fe²⁺₂GeO₄

Approval year:

1972

First published:

1972

Approval history:

A modification of the end-member formula was accepted in IMA proposal 11A ( CMNC Newsletter 9)

Type description reference:

Ottemann, J., Nuber, B. (1972) Brunogeierite, ein Germanium-ferritspinell von Tsumeb. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1972. 263-267

Classification of BrunogeieriteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.AC.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination

Dana 8th ed.:

51.3.3.2

51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO₄ Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO₄ Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.11.15

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Bng	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of BrunogeieriteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Grey-black

Hardness:

5 on Mohs scale

Density:

5.51 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of BrunogeieriteHide

Type:

Isotropic

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
400nm	15.5%
420nm	15.0%
440nm	14.5%
460nm	14.1%
480nm	13.8%
500nm	13.6%
520nm	13.4%
540nm	13.3%
560nm	13.2%
580nm	13.1%
600nm	13.0%
620nm	13.0%
640nm	12.9%
660nm	12.8%
680nm	12.8%
700nm	12.8%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 15.5%.

Colour in reflected light:

Grey

Internal Reflections:

Brown

Chemistry of BrunogeieriteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ge⁴⁺Fe²⁺₂O₄

Some solid solution towards magnetite: Fe2+Ge4+ = 2Fe3+.

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Fe	44.977 %
Ge	29.252 %
O	25.771 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Fe, Ge, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of BrunogeieriteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.409 - 8.416 Å

Unit Cell V:

594.61 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals rare. Usually as crusts or rims on tennantite (Tsumeb) or inclusions in sphalerite or magnetite (France).

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0014558	Brunogeierite	Welch M D, Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C (2001) The crystal structure of brunogeierite, Fe2GeO4 spinel Mineralogical Magazine 65 441-444		2001	Tsumeb, Namibia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Brunogeierite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Welch M D'
'Cooper M A'
'Hawthorne F C'
_journal_name_full 'Mineralogical Magazine'
_journal_volume 65 
_journal_year 2001
_journal_page_first 441
_journal_page_last 444
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of brunogeierite, Fe2GeO4 spinel
;
_database_code_amcsd 0014558
_chemical_compound_source 'Tsumeb, Namibia'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ge Fe2 O4'
_cell_length_a 8.4127
_cell_length_b 8.4127
_cell_length_c 8.4127
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 595.396
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      5.540
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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  '3/4-z,1/4-x,1/2+y'
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  '1/4-x,1/4-y,+z'
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  '-z,3/4+x,3/4+y'
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  '1/2+x,1/4-y,3/4-z'
  '1/4-x,1/2+z,3/4-y'
  '1/4-x,+z,1/4-y'
  '3/4-x,1/2+z,1/4-y'
  '3/4-x,+z,3/4-y'
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  '1/4+z,-y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+z,1/2-y,1/4+x'
  '3/4+z,-y,3/4+x'
  '1/4-y,1/2+x,3/4-z'
  '1/4-y,+x,1/4-z'
  '3/4-y,1/2+x,1/4-z'
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  '1/4+x,-z,1/4+y'
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  '3/4+x,-z,3/4+y'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ge   0.12500   0.12500   0.12500   0.00460
Fe   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.00610
O   0.24660   0.24660   0.24660   0.00620
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Ge 0.00460 0.00460 0.00460 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Fe 0.00610 0.00610 0.00610 0.00040 0.00040 0.00040
O 0.00620 0.00620 0.00620 -0.00150 -0.00150 -0.00150

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.540 Å	(10)
1.484 Å	(9)
1.615 Å	(7)
2.972 Å	(6)
1.095 Å	(6)
1.720 Å	(4)
1.283 Å	(3)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]

Type Occurrence of BrunogeieriteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Crusts, 40-50 microns thick, on tennantite.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No designated type material.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Lower oxidation zone of dolostone-hosted hydrothermal polymetallic ore deposit at 930 m depth, formed by alteration of Ge-rich sulfides.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Renierite

Tennantite Subgroup

Reference:

Ottemann, J., Nuber, B. (1972) Brunogeierite, ein Germanium-ferritspinell von Tsumeb. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1972. 263-267

Synonyms of BrunogeieriteHide

IMA1972-004

Other Language Names for BrunogeieriteHide

Dutch:Brunogeieriet

German:Brunogeierit

Russian:Бруногайерит

Spanish:Brunogeierita

Relationship of Brunogeierite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Ulvöspinel Subgroup > Oxyspinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Other Members of Ulvöspinel Subgroup:

Ahrensite	SiFe₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
Filipstadite	(Fe³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mn₂O₄	Iso.
Qandilite	(Mg,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Ringwoodite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂SiO₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Tegengrenite	(Mn³⁺_0.5Sb⁵⁺_0.5)Mg₂O₄	Trig. 3 : R3
Ulvöspinel	TiFe²⁺₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

2 photos of Brunogeierite associated with Schneiderhöhnite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₃As³⁺₅O₁₃
2 photos of Brunogeierite associated with Sphalerite	ZnS
1 photo of Brunogeierite associated with Ludlockite	PbFe³⁺₄As³⁺₁₀O₂₂
1 photo of Brunogeierite associated with Argutite	GeO₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.AC.	Poirierite	Mg₂SiO₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmma
9.AC.	Ahrensite	SiFe₂O₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
9.AC.05	Laihunite	(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,◻)₂(SiO₄)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.AC.05	Forsterite	Mg₂(SiO₄)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AC.05	Tephroite	Mn²⁺₂(SiO₄)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.AC.05	Hinokageite	MnMg(SiO₄)	Orth. mm2
9.AC.05	Liebenbergite	Ni₂(SiO₄)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AC.05	Kirschsteinite	CaFe²⁺(SiO₄)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.AC.05	Glaucochroite	CaMn²⁺(SiO₄)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AC.05	Fayalite	Fe²⁺₂(SiO₄)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AC.10	Monticellite	CaMg(SiO₄)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AC.15	Ringwoodite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂SiO₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
9.AC.20	Chesnokovite	Na₂[SiO₂(OH)₂] · 8H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Ibca

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:

Ferromagnetic

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BrunogeieriteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-792.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Brunogeierite on Webmineral

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Look for Brunogeierite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for BrunogeieriteHide

Reference List:

Ottemann, J., Nuber, B. (1972) Brunogeierite, ein Germanium-ferritspinell von Tsumeb. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1972. 263-267

Fleischer, Michael (1973) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 58 (3-4). 347-349 p.348

Welch, M. D., Cooper, M. A., Hawthorne, F. C. (2001) The crystal structure of brunogeierite, Fe₂GeO₄ spinel. Mineralogical Magazine, 65 (3) 441-444 doi:10.1180/002646101300119529

(2005) Brunogeierite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011. CNMNC Newsletter No 9. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (4) 2535-2540 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.4.2535

Cempírek, J., Groat, L. A. (2013) Note on the formula of brunogeierite and the first bond-valence parameters for Ge²⁺. Journal of GEOsciences, 58 (1) 71-74

Biagioni, C., Pasero, M. (2014) The systematics of the spinel-type minerals: An overview. American Mineralogist, 99 (7) 1254-1264 doi:10.2138/am.2014.4816

Ambrosetti, Marco, Bini, Marcella (2022) The Renewed Interest on Brunogeierite, GeFe2O4, a Rare Mineral of Germanium: A Review. Molecules, 27 (23) 8484 doi:10.3390/molecules27238484

Localities for BrunogeieriteHide

Showing 16 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


China
Yunnan Zhaotong Zhaoyang District ⓘ Maoping Pb-Zn deposit	Niu et al. (2024)

France
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Pyrénées-Atlantiques Oloron-Sainte-Marie Laruns ⓘ Arre deposit	Cugerone (2019)
Occitanie Ariège Saint-Girons Couflens ⓘ Saubé	Aye et al. (1978)
Sentein ⓘ Bentaillou mines	Aye et al. (1978)
Ustou ⓘ Carboire	Lips (2006)
Haute-Garonne ⓘ Pal Bidao	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Saint-Gaudens Argut-Dessous ⓘ Plan d'Argut deposit	Aye et al. (1978)
ⓘ Rimbatz	Aye et al. (1978)
Bagnères-de-Luchon ⓘ L'Hospice de France	Aye et al. (1978)
ⓘ Port d'Oo	Aye et al. (1978)
ⓘ Val de Burat	Aye et al. (1978)
Melles ⓘ Pale Bidau mine	Cugerone et al. (2018) +1 other reference
ⓘ Pale de Raze mines	Aye et al. (1978) +1 other reference
Hautes-Pyrénées Argelès-Gazost Lourdes ⓘ Lèches	Aye et al. (1978)

Kenya
Tharaka-Nithi County ⓘ ~~Kithiori~~	Waweru (2020)

Namibia (TL)
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine) (TL)	Ottemann et al. (1972) +1 other reference

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Brunogeierite

About BrunogeieriteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of BrunogeieriteHide

Classification of BrunogeieriteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of BrunogeieriteHide

Optical Data of BrunogeieriteHide

Chemistry of BrunogeieriteHide

Crystallography of BrunogeieriteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of BrunogeieriteHide

Synonyms of BrunogeieriteHide

Other Language Names for BrunogeieriteHide

Relationship of Brunogeierite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for BrunogeieriteHide

References for BrunogeieriteHide

Localities for BrunogeieriteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide