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Colusite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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01732290017271922181229.jpg
Colusite, etc.

East Colusa Mine, Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA
05012140017271922202997.jpg
Colusite

Artana Quarry, Colonnata quarrying basin, Carrara, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy
05980250017271922239194.jpg
Colusite, etc.

Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA
00267960017864941909895.jpg
Colusite, etc.

East Colusa Mine, Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA
05012140017271922202997.jpg
Colusite

Artana Quarry, Colonnata quarrying basin, Carrara, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy
05980250017271922239194.jpg
Colusite, etc.

Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA
01732290017271922181229.jpg
Colusite, etc.

East Colusa Mine, Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA
05012140017271922202997.jpg
Colusite

Artana Quarry, Colonnata quarrying basin, Carrara, Massa-Carrara Province, Tuscany, Italy
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About ColusiteHide

05816390017271922284908.jpg
East Colusa Mine (1917 or earlier)

East Colusa Mine, Butte Mining District, Silver Bow County, Montana, USA
Formula:
Cu13VAs3S16
Formerly given as Cu26V2(As,Sn,Sb)6S32.
Fe may replace V.
Colour:
Bronze, pinkish bronze
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
4.2 - 4.5
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Germanite Group
Name:
Named by R. E. Landon and A. H. Mogilnor in 1933 after the type locality, the East Colusa Mine in Butte, Montana, USA.
Forms a solid-solution series with stibiocolusite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1113
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1113:2

Similar NamesHide

CalciteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfatheredCaCO3
CowlesiteA valid IMA mineral speciesCaAl2Si3O10 · 6H2O
KoliciteA valid IMA mineral speciesMn72+Zn4(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8
KolueziteA synonym of Kolwezite

IMA Classification of ColusiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu1+12Cu2+V3+As5+3S2-16
First published:
1933
Type description reference:
Landon, Robert E., Mogilnor, A. H. (1933) Colusite, a new mineral of the sphalerite group. American Mineralogist, 18 (12) 528-533

Classification of ColusiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
2.CB.30

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 7th ed.:
3.1.1.1
Dana 8th ed.:
3.1.1.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
1 : ø > 4
Hey's CIM Ref.:
6.4.3

6 : Sulphosalts - Sulphostannates, Sulphogermanates,Sulpharsenates, Sulphantimonates, Sulphovanadates and Sulphohalides
4 : Sulphovanadates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
ColIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
ClsThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of ColusiteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of ColusiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Bronze, pinkish bronze
Comment:
Type locality has a pink cast to the mineral
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=322 - 379 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery
Comment:
Extremely brittle mineral, breakage looks as though fractures permeate the freshly broken surface when viewed with 30X manification.
Density:
4.2 - 4.5 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.63 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
D= 4.44 [ICDD 9-0010]

Optical Data of ColusiteHide

Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)
400nm25.1%
420nm25.5%
440nm25.9%
460nm26.4%
480nm27.0%
500nm27.7%
520nm28.6%
540nm29.6%
560nm30.5%
580nm31.2%
600nm31.7%
620nm32.0%
640nm31.9%
660nm31.6%
680nm31.3%
700nm31.0%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 32.0%.
Colour in reflected light:
Cream colored
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of ColusiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Cu13VAs3S16

Formerly given as Cu26V2(As,Sn,Sb)6S32.
Fe may replace V.
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Cu51.157 %
S31.770 %
As13.919 %
V3.155 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Cu
S
As
V
Elements listed:
As, Cu, S, V - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Zn,Fe,Te

Crystallography of ColusiteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
43m - Hextetrahedral
Space Group:
P43n
Setting:
P43n
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.538(6) Å
Unit Cell V:
1,170.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Granular, massive, tetrahedral crystals; also complex pyritohedrons at type locality.
Twinning:
Rare on {111}

Crystallographic forms of ColusiteHide

Crystal Atlas:
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Colusite - {210}, {111}, {110), modified
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0014062ColusiteFrank-Kamenetskaya O V, Rozhdestvenskaya I V, Yanulova L A (2002) New data on the crystal structures of colusites and arsenosulvanites Journal of Structural Chemistry 43 89-1002002Kafan, Mongolia0293
0014061ColusiteFrank-Kamenetskaya O V, Rozhdestvenskaya I V, Yanulova L A (2002) New data on the crystal structures of colusites and arsenosulvanites Journal of Structural Chemistry 43 89-1002002Butte, Montana, USA0293
0014060ColusiteFrank-Kamenetskaya O V, Rozhdestvenskaya I V, Yanulova L A (2002) New data on the crystal structures of colusites and arsenosulvanites Journal of Structural Chemistry 43 89-1002002Pai-Khoi, Arkhangelsk region0293
0000011ColusiteZachariasen W H (1933) X-Ray examination of colusite, (Cu,Fe,Mo,Sn)4(S,As,Te)3-4 American Mineralogist 18 534-5371933Leonard mine, Butte, Montana, USA0293
0001671ColusiteSpry P G, Merlino S, Wang S, Zhang X, Buseck P R (1994) New occurrences and refined crystal chemistry of colusite, with comparisons to arsenosulvanite American Mineralogist 79 750-76219940293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.07 Å(100)
2.65 Å(20)
1.88 Å(60)
1.60 Å(40)
1.32 Å(20)
1.22 Å(30)
1.09 Å(30)
1.02 Å(20)
Comments:
ICDD 9-0010

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of ColusiteHide

Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Lebedinoe Au Deposit (Nezametnyi Mine), Aldan, Sakha, Russia
ⓘ East Colusa Mine, Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District), Silver Bow County, Montana, USA
General Appearance of Type Material:
Intimately associated with tetrahedrite in irregular areas having sharp curving boundaries and outlines.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal copper veins
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
BorniteChalcocitePyriteQuartzTetrahedrite Subgroup
Reference:
Landon, Robert E., Mogilnor, A. H. (1933) Colusite, a new mineral of the sphalerite group. American Mineralogist, 18 (12) 528-533

Synonyms of ColusiteHide

Other Language Names for ColusiteHide

Dutch:Colusiet
Simplified Chinese:锡砷硫钒铜矿

Relationship of Colusite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Germanite Group
Other Members of Germanite Group:
ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 42m : P4m2
GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 43m : P43n
GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 43m : P43m
MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
Renierite(Cu+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 42m : P42c
StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 43m : P43m
Forms a series with:
SulvaniteColusite-Sulvanite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
95 photos of Colusite associated with PyriteFeS2
80 photos of Colusite associated with QuartzSiO2
46 photos of Colusite associated with EnargiteCu3AsS4
32 photos of Colusite associated with CovelliteCuS
32 photos of Colusite associated with Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
28 photos of Colusite associated with SphaleriteZnS
27 photos of Colusite associated with LuzoniteCu3AsS4
20 photos of Colusite associated with NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32
16 photos of Colusite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
14 photos of Colusite associated with Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)S

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CB.RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.OkruginiteCu2SnSe3Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.HanswilkeiteKFeS2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.AuroselenideAuSeMon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.Ruizhongite(Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8Iso. 43m : I43d
2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4Orth.
2.CB.TolstykhiteAu3S4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.GachingiteAu(Te1-xSex)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.05aHawleyiteCdSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05'UM1998-15-S:CuFeZn'Cu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aColoradoiteHgTeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnSIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)STet.
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSeIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.05aIshiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.07a'Unnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulphide)'Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.07aShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 43m : I43m
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 222
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aRoquesiteCuInS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.10a'UM1984-30-S:CuFeSn'Cu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10cOmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.10aChalcopyriteCuFeS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10a'Unnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)'CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 42m : P42m
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 42m : I42d
2.CB.10bPutoraniteCu1.1Fe1.2S2Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Pn3m
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15c'UM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZn'Cu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15aKësteriteCu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 222 : I222
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3Mon.
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2CdSnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.15aIdaiteCu5FeS6Hex.
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aKuramiteCu3SnS4Tet. 42m : I42m
2.CB.17a v'Arsenic-bearing Renierite'Cu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 42m : P4m2
2.CB.30'Frieseite'Ag2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30'Argyropyrite'near Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 43m : P43n
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 42m : P42c
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8Iso.
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16Tet.
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8Iso. 43m : F43m
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsSOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42LingbaoiteAgTe3Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45RambergiteMnSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45MaletoyvayamiteAu3Se4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.47MurchisiteCr5S6Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31c
2.CB.50'Zincselenide'ZnSe
2.CB.50WassoniteTiSTrig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CB.52'Dzhezkazganite'ReMoCu2PbS6 ?Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2Orth.
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4Iso. 43m : P43m
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTeOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.80EmpressiteAgTeOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Fluorescence of ColusiteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ColusiteHide

References for ColusiteHide

Reference List:
Schneiderhöhn, Hans, Ramdohr, Paul (1931) Lehrbuch der Erzmikroskopie Vol. 2. Borntraeger.
Landon, Robert E., Mogilnor, A. H. (1933) Colusite, a new mineral of the sphalerite group. American Mineralogist, 18 (12) 528-533
Zachariasen, W. H. (1933) X-ray examination of colusite (Cu, Fe, Mo, Sn)4(S, As, Te)3-4. American Mineralogist, 18 (12). 534-537
Landon, Robert E., Mogilnor, A. H. (1933) Colusite, a new mineral of the sphalerite group. American Mineralogist, 18 (12) 528-533
Nelson, Raymond (1939) Colusite - its occurrence, paragenesis and genetic significance. American Mineralogist, 24 (6) 369-376
Berman, Harry, Gonyer, F. A. (1939) Re-examination of colusite. American Mineralogist, 24 (6) 377-381
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.386-387
Murdoch, Joseph (1953) X-ray investigation of colusite, germanite and reniérite. American Mineralogist, 38 (9-10) 794-801
Bideaux, Richard A. (1960) Oriented overgrowths of tennantite and colusite on enargite. American Mineralogist, 45 (11-12) 1282-1284
Lévy, C. (1967) Contribution a la minéralogie des sulfures de cuivre du type Cu3XS4. Mémoires du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières: 54: 1-178.
Fleisher, Michael (1968) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 53 (11-12) 2103-2106
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Orlandi, P., Merlino, S., Duchi, G., Vezzalini, G. (1981) Colusite: a new occurrence and crystal chemistry. The Canadian Mineralogist, 19 (3) 423-427
Spiridonov, E. M., Chvileva, T. N., Badalov, A. S. (1984) ANTIMONY-BEARING COLUSITE, Cu26 V2 As2 Sb2 Sn2 S32, OF THE KAIRAGACH DEPOSIT AND ON THE VARIETIES OF COLUSITE. International Geology Review, 26 (5) 534-539 doi:10.1080/00206818409466580
Spiridonov, E. M.; Kachalovskaya, V. M.; Badalov, A. S. (1986): Varieties of colusite and discussion on vanadian and vanadian-arsenian germanite. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya 4: Geologiya 1986 (3), 60-69 (in Russian).
Spry, Paul G., Merlino, Stefano, Wang, Su, Zhang, Xiaomao, Buseck, Peter R. (1994) New occurrences and refined crystal chemistry of colusite, with comparisons to arsenosulvanite. American Mineralogist, 79 (7-8) 750-762
Frank-Kamenetskaya, O. V., Rozhdestvenskaya, I. V., Yanulova, L. A. (2002) New data on the crystal structures of colusites and arsenosulvanites. Journal of Structural Chemistry, 43 (1). 89-100 doi:10.1023/a:1016077917390
Komuro, Kosei, Kajiwara, Yoshimichi (2004) Germanium-bearing Colusite in Siliceous Black Ore from the Ezuri Kuroko Deposit, Hokuroku District, Japan. Resource Geology, 54 (4) 447-452 doi:10.1111/j.1751-3928.2004.tb00220.x
(2005) Colusite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Wagner, T., Monecke, T. (2005) Germanium-bearing colusite from the Waterloo volcanic-rock-hosted massive sulfide deposit, Australia: crystal chemistry and formation of colusite-group minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43 (2). 655-669 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.2.655
Suekuni, Koichiro; Tanaka, Hiromi I.; Kim, Fiseong S.; Umeo, Kazunori; Takabatake, Toshiro (2015) Glasslike versus Crystalline Thermophysical Properties of the Cu–S based Minerals: Tetrahedrite and Colusite. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 84 (10). 103601 doi:10.7566/jpsj.84.103601
Kim, Fiseong S.; Suekuni, Koichiro; Nishiate, Hirotaka; Ohta, Michihiro; Tanaka, Hiromi I.; Takabatake, Toshiro (2016) Tuning the charge carrier density in the thermoelectric colusite. Journal of Applied Physics, 119 (17). 175105 doi:10.1063/1.4948475
Gupta, Raveena; Bera, Chandan (2021) High thermoelectric figure of merit predicted in Cu26V2Sn6Se32 colusite induced by vacancy defects and glassy-like vibrational modes. Journal of Applied Physics, 130 (6). 65106 doi:10.1063/5.0060345

Localities for ColusiteHide

Showing 159 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan
 
  • Badakhshan
    • Kuran wa Munjan District
      • Sar-e-Sang
RWMW Collection
Woodside et al. (2014)
Argentina
 
  • Catamarca Province
    • Andalgalá Department
      • Andalgalá
FRANCHINI (27º26'S-66º16'O)
Brodtkorb (2002) +2 other references
PUTZ +1 other reference
PUTZ +1 other reference
        • Cerro Atajo
Marquez-Zavalia et al. (2007)
  • La Rioja Province
    • Famatina Department
Brodtkorb (2002)
Brodtkorb et al. (1999)
Paar et al. (2005, January)
Brotkorb (2002)
De Brodtkorb (2009)
Armenia
 
  • Syunik Province
    • Kapan
Mederer et al. (2014) +2 other references
Moritz et al. (2016)
Australia
 
  • Queensland
    • Charters Towers Region
Wagner et al. (2005)
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Leogang
        • Hütten
          • Schwarzleograben
R.Poeverlein (2016)
            • Schwarzleo mining district
R.Poeverlein (2016)
Paar et al. (1985) +1 other reference
  • Styria
    • Liezen District
      • Grundlsee
        • Wienern
Kolitsch et al. (2026)
Bolivia
 
  • Potosí
    • Tomás Frías Province
      • Potosí (Potosí Municipality)
Smith et al. (2001)
Bulgaria
 
  • Pazardzhik Province
Sahlström et al. (2017)
      • Elshitsa
Kouzmanov et al. (2009)
      • Levski
Cook et al. (2002) +2 other references
      • Panagyurishte
Strashimirov et al. (2002) +3 other references
Straschimirov (1982) +3 other references
      • Popintsi
Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Sofia Province
    • Chelopech Municipality
Bonev +6 other references
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Vancouver Island
      • Alberni Mining Division
 ...
Economic Geology (1996)
Sinclair (2001)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Newfoundland
Dube et al. (1998) +1 other reference
      • Victoria Lake Supergroup
Geological Association of Canada (2014)
  • Ontario
    • Cochrane District
      • Timmins
        • Kidd Township
Kidd Operations
  • Québec
    • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
      • Abitibi RCM
        • Preissac
Tourigny et al. (1993) +1 other reference
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • El Loa Province
      • Calama
        • Chuquicamata District
Cook (1978)
  • Tarapacá
    • Tamarugal Province
      • Pica
Anglo American plc
- (2003)
- (2003)
China
 
  • Fujian
    • Longyan
      • Shanghang Co.
Liu Wenyuan et al. (2014)
Long et al. (2025)
Long et al. (2025)
Long et al. (2025)
Zijin Mining Group Company Limited
  • Henan
    • Sanmenxia
      • Lingbao City
Jian et al. (2015) +1 other reference
  • Jiangxi
    • Ganzhou
      • Huichang Co.
Liu Wenyuan et al. (2014)
  • Tibet
    • Ngari
      • Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.)
Wang et al. (2025)
      • Gêrzê Co.
        • Duolong ore field
WANG et al. (2014)
DR Congo
 
  • Haut-Katanga
 ...
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Savoie
      • Albertville
        • Tignes
Guichon et al. (2017) +1 other reference
  • Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
    • Saône-et-Loire
      • Charolles
        • Chalmoux
Am Min 79 750-762. Anthony +1 other reference
Greece
 
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Evros
      • Alexandroupoli
Voudouris (2006) +3 other references
    • Rhodope
      • Maroneia-Sapes
        • Kassiteres-Sapes area
Ortelli et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Hungary
 
  • Fejér County
    • Gárdony District
      • Pázmánd
Szakáll & Gatter
  • Heves County
    • Pétervására District
      • Recsk
India
 
  • Rajasthan
    • Jaipur district
      • Sikar District
        • Khetri
Ahmed et al. (2018)
Indonesia
 
  • Papua Province
    • Mimika Regency
Singer et al. (2008)
        • Ertsberg Complex
Freeport-McMoRan
Iran
 
  • Zanjan Province
    • Tarom County
Mousavi Motlagh et al. (2024)
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Ne
        • Reppia
Redazione (2005)
  • Tuscany
    • Lucca Province
      • Seravezza
Orlandi et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Biagioni C. et al. (2019)
Biagioni C. et al. (2019)
    • Massa-Carrara Province
Orlandi et al. (1980) +3 other references
        • Colonnata quarrying basin
Biagioni et al. (2019)
Orlandi et al. (1994)
Biagioni et al. (2019)
          • Colonnata
Orlandi et al. (1989) +4 other references
        • Miseglia quarrying basin (Miseglia-Fantiscritti quarrying basin; Fantiscritti quarrying basin)
Biagioni et al. (2019)
Orlandi et al. (1989) +3 other references
Franzini et al. (1982)
Franzini et al. (1982) +3 other references
        • Monte Brugiana north slope
Orlandi et al. (2009)
Franzini et al. (1982)
Orlandi et al. (1980) +2 other references
Orlandi et al. (1980) +4 other references
Bracci et al. (1978) +3 other references
Orlandi et al. (1980) +2 other references
Brizzi (1986) +4 other references
Orlandi et al. (2009)
        • Casette
Orlandi et al. (1989) +4 other references
Orlandi et al. (2009)
Orlandi et al. (2000) +2 other references
Orlandi et al. (2009)
Japan
 
  • Akita Prefecture
    • Kazuno City
Am Min 79:750-762. +2 other references
    • Odate
Komuro et al. (2004)
Komuro et al. (2004)
Matsukuma and Yui (1979)
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Hiyama Subprefecture
      • Hiyama District
        • Kaminokuni
ISHIYAMA et al. (1990)
    • Ishikari Subprefecture
      • Sapporo City
AmMin 85:628 +1 other reference
    • Shiribeshi Subprefecture
      • Abuta District
Matsubara et al. (2006)
CHIMIZU (1993)
  • Okayama Prefecture
    • Kume District
      • Misaki-cho
Yamamoto +2 other references
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Shimoda City
      • Rendaiji
Yamada (2004) +1 other reference
Kazakhstan
 
  • Karaganda Region
    • Balkhash
Gramaccioli
Mongolia
 
  • Ömnögovi Province
    • Khanbogd District
      • Erdenetsogt
        • Oyu Tolgoi Cu-Au ore field (Turquoise Hill Cu-Au ore field)
Economic Geology September 2001 v. 96 ... +1 other reference
Namibia
 
  • Oshikoto Region
    • Tsumeb
Wagner et al. (2005) +1 other reference
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Grootfontein Constituency
Weatherly International
    • Otavi Constituency
      • Kombat
Dunn (1991)
North Macedonia
 
  • Berovo Municipality
Tasev (2010) +2 other references
  • Probistip Municipality
    • Kratovo-Zletovo ore district
Zlatkov (2021)
Norway
 
  • Trøndelag
    • Grong
      • Godejorda
Neumann (1985)
Peru
 
  • Ancash
    • Bolognesi Province
      • Huallanca District
        • Huanzala
Rocks & Min.: 60:228. +1 other reference
  • Pasco
    • Pasco province
      • Tinyahuarco district
Bendezu et al. (2009)
Bendezu et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Philippines
 
  • Luzon
    • Cordillera Administrative Region
      • Benguet Province
        • Mankayan
Anthony et al. (1990)
Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an ...
  • Mindanao
    • Soccsksargen Region
      • South Cotabato Province
Singer et al. (2008)
Portugal
 
  • Beja
    • Castro Verde
      • Santa Bárbara de Padrões
Lundin Mining 
Romania
 
  • Harghita County
Hirtopanu (2006)
  • Maramureș County
    • Târgu Lăpuș
HÎRTOPANU et al. (2025)
Russia
 
  • Buryatia
    • Severo-Baykalsky District
      • Dovyren Highlands
Spiridonov et al. (2019)
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Sosnovsky District
Plotinskaya et al. (2014)
Plotinskaya et al. (2009)
Plotinskaya et al. (2014)
    • Verkhneuralsky District
Novoselov et al. (2006)
      • Uzelga VHMS deposits
Maslennikov et al. (2013)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Koryak Okrug
      • Karaginsky District
Kozlov et al. (n.d.) +1 other reference
    • Ust-Bolsheretsky District
      • Dukuk Complex (Dukuk Massif)
Novakov et al. (2021)
    • Yelizovsky District
Okrugin et al. (an Example of Mutnovsky Geothermal Area, Southern Kamchatka) +1 other reference
  • Komi Republic
    • Pay Khoy Mountains
A.B.Makjeyev
Am Min 79:750-762.
    • Aldan
Gramaccioli +3 other references
Kondratieva et al. (2021)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Ivdelsky Urban Okrug
      • Ivdel
Ayupova et al. (2021)
Serbia
 
  • Central Serbia
    • Bor District
      • Bor
RTB Bor
Gramaccioli +2 other references
www.nevsun.com (2016) +1 other reference
Buttinger-Kreuzhuber et al. (2015) +1 other reference
      • Vlaole-Jasikovo ore field
Aleksandar Pacevski (2007)
Switzerland
 
  • Valais
    • Sierre
      • Lens
Ansermet et al. (2011)
Tanzania
 
  • Manyara Region
    • Simanjiro District
      • Lelatema Mountains
Harrison et al. (2014)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Graeme (1993)
Graeme (1993) +2 other references
    • Pinal County
      • Superior
Hammer (1968) +3 other references
  • Colorado
    • Hinsdale County
      • Lake City Mining District
Eckel et al. (1997)
        • Lake City
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Park Mining District (Sherman Mining District)
        • Cinnamon Pass
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • La Plata County
USGS Bull 1434
    • Ouray County
Eckel et al. (1997) +1 other reference
Rosemeyer et al. (1986)
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Montana
    • Fergus County
      • Warm Springs District (Gilt Edge District; Gold Hill District; Maiden District)
        • Cone Butte Sub-District
Am Min 79:750-762. +2 other references
Gobla (2012)
    • Silver Bow County
Anaconda Mining Company Collection
Guilbert and Zeihen 1964 +1 other reference
Dana 7:I:387. +3 other references
Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Guilbert and Zeihen 1964 +2 other references
Dana 7:I:387.
Guilbert and Zeihen 1964 +1 other reference
Michael W. Kieron collection
Weed (1912)
  • Nevada
    • Esmeralda County
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Lander County
      • Lewis Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Mexico
    • Santa Fe County
      • La Bajada Mining District
Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference
  • Utah
    • Juab County
      • Eureka
Uzbekistan
 
  • Tashkent Region
    • Ohangaron District
Spiridonov et al. (1984) +1 other reference
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